Acta veterinaria Hungarica最新文献

This study was conducted in two steps to evaluate the influence of freezing methods and natural extracts on cryopreserved ram sperm quality. Initially, the research compared the effects of two freezing methods: liquid nitrogen (LN2) versus -80 °C, on post-thawed ram semen on total and progressive motilities and velocity parameters. Experiment I revealed no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the LN2 and -80 °C freezing methods, indicating similar effects on the analyzed parameters. Experiment II aimed to examine the influence of Spirulina platensis (SP) and Salvia verbenaca (SV) extracts added to egg yolk extender on cryopreserved sperm quality, utilizing the -80 °C freezing method. Various concentrations (1.25, 3.75, 6.25 and 8.75 µg*mL-1) of acetone (Ac-SP and Ac-SV) and hexanoic (Hex-SP), as well as methanolic (MeOH-SV) extracts, were added into the extender. A thorough assessment of post-thawed sperm quality parameters, encompassing motility, velocity parameters, viability, membrane integrity, abnormality and lipid peroxidation was conducted. The outcomes demonstrated that 1.25 and 3.75 g*mL-1 of Ac-SP and Hex-SP and 1.25 µg*mL-1 of AC-SV and MeOH-SV increased the post-thawed ram sperm quality. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the antioxidant properties of SP and SV extracts, highlighting their potential to protect cryopreserved sperm cells from oxidative stress at -80 °C.

Dissection of the matter into its constituents leads us to the smallest particles that we know. These particles form a material structure that is determined by the electromagnetic field generated and carried by those particles. Changes in any of the two major constituents leads to changes in that material system, be it a living organism or a lifeless object. The latter statement carries the mystery of life that is born from a continuous and programmed series of system changes fuelled by an energy source with a yet unknown functioning mechanism. The present work is a theoretical approach towards the understanding and potential discovery of the aforementioned, not-yet-known cellular energetic mechanism. Understanding the energetic basis of intracellular biochemistry is equally important in human and animal therapeutics. Additionally, as all such discoveries offer novel solutions in various fields of the global industry, the final outcome of this theoretical work also brings about the idea of a new discovery in electronics industry.

The interplay of regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the tumour microenvironment presents a significant challenge in anticancer immunotherapy. This study investigates the potential of Treg blockade to enhance the efficiency of effector T cells. Two distinct treatment cocktails were examined: 3p-hpRNA (5' triphosphate hairpin RNA) combined with unmethylated CpG oligonucleotide (CpG); CpG in combination with OX40 receptor-specific monoclonal antibody (anti-OX40). Treatment efficacy was assessed using a murine model of kidney adenocarcinoma.Renca cells (renal cortical cells with adenocarcinoma) were subcutaneously engrafted in 30 BALB/c mice, then animals were allocated into three treatment groups: Group 1: CpG+anti-OX40, Group 2: CpG+3p-hpRNA, Group 3: untreated control. Treatment efficacy was evaluated based on tumour growth, the occurrence of metastases and overall survival.On day 28 post-implantation, experiments had to be terminated due to tumour progression. Although comparisons of survival times and primary tumour sizes thus became inconsequential, histological examinations provided valuable insights. We observed distinct variations in primary tumour characteristics among the different groups: Groups 1 and 2 displayed demarcations, while Group 3 exhibited diffuse tumours with necrosis. Lung metastases were evident in 70% of untreated mice, whereas none were observed in either of the treated groups.Our findings instil confidence in the potential efficacy of the treatments, thereby laying a solid foundation for future investigations.

The spread of antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest challenges of our time, making it difficult to treat bacterial diseases. Pasteurella multocida is a widespread facultative pathogenic bacterium, which causes a wide range of diseases in both mammals and birds. In the present study, antibiotic susceptibility of 155 P. multocida strains were tested using the broth microdilution method to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for 15 antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics against pasteurellosis were ceftiofur, tetracycline, doxycycline, florfenicol and tilmicosin. Of the strains, 12 proved to be multi-drug resistant (MDR). To combat antibiotic resistance, it is important to establish a pre-treatment antibiotic susceptibility profile. A well-chosen antibiotic would not only make the treatment more successful but may also slow down the spread of resistance and the evolution of MDR strains.

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin (CURC) supplementation on broiler chickens exposed to ochratoxin A (OTA), by examining biochemical parameters and the expression of glutathione redox system genes and their regulation. OTA reduced glutathione content in the liver while increasing glutathione peroxidase activity. CURC showed no significant effects. Kidney parameters remained mostly unaffected. Gene expression analysis revealed OTA-induced upregulation of KEAP1, NRF2, AHR, GPx4 and GSR genes in the liver. CURC supplementation led to the upregulation of GPx4 and AHR genes with OTA+CURC treatment, resulting in the downregulation of GPx4, KEAP1, NRF2 and AHR genes compared to OTA treatment alone. In the kidney, GPx4 was downregulated, and NRF2 and AHR were upregulated as an effect of OTA, while CURC upregulated the NRF2 gene only. OTA+CURC treatment led to the downregulation of GPx4, GSS and AHR genes compared to the control and downregulation of NRF2 and AHR genes compared to OTA. The results suggested that CURC is partly effective against OTA-induced oxidative stress and that the effect of OTA and CURC on the antioxidant response is regulated through the KEAP1-NRF2-ARE and AHR pathways.

In this study, we evaluated the cumulative effects of arsenic (III) oxide on the number of mouse offspring over three consecutive generations and monitored changes in levels of the reproductive hormones, oestradiol and progesterone in female mice during the dioestrus phase of the cycle. The control group received water from the mains. In two experimental groups, mice were given drinking water containing dissolved arsenic (III) oxide at concentrations of 10.6 mg L-1 and 106 mg L-1, respectively. These concentrations represent the values converted from a human model to an animal model (mice) thus correspond to the arsenic content of the groundwater in the southern part of the Pannonian Basin, in the province of Vojvodina, in the Banat region, in particular in the town of Zrenjanin. The average number of newborn mice in both experimental groups decreased for three consecutive generations. The total arsenic content of day-old mice did not show significant differences between the experimental groups. Arsenic (III) oxide affected the reproductive hormone levels of female mice at both concentrations.

There are no recommended drugs to treat cattle infected with the protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus (TF). Ivermectin, widely used in the treatment of intestinal parasites, was found effective against some protozoa growing in vitro. Here, its effectiveness against a TF line was investigated. Trophozoites were incubated in media with increasing concentrations of ivermectin and mortality was determined after 24 h. Ivermectin killed cells with a mean maximum effective concentration (EC50) of 2.47 μg mL-1. The effective concentration of ivermectin was rather high for a formulation suitable for systemic treatment. However, topical treatment of animals against TF could still be considered and tested.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent form of oral cancer in humans and dogs. The altered expression of cell adhesion molecules, including E-cadherin (CDH1) and syndecan-1 (SDC1), is involved in cancer progression. This study aimed to investigate the protein expression of CDH1 and SDC1 in early and late clinical stages of human and canine OSCC (hOSCC and cOSCC, respectively), using immunohistochemistry. Formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue blocks were obtained from 21 hOSCC, 8 human normal gingiva, 26 cOSCC, and 13 canine normal gingiva. Clinical stages and histological subtypes of samples were evaluated. The results indicated that both human and canine OSCC exhibited reduced levels of CDH1 and SDC1 expression at the cell membrane regardless of clinical stage or histological subtype. Additionally, decreased levels of total SDC1 expression were observed in hOSCC compared with normal controls. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a similarity in the immunohistochemical expression of CDH1 and SDC1 between humans and dogs with OSCC, lending support to the potential use of dogs as a model for studying human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

This study examined the effects of ergothioneine (EGT) supplementation as an antioxidant on the quality of boar spermatozoa when using liquid and frozen preservation methods. In the first experiment, boar semen was preserved in an extender supplemented with 0, 50, 100 and 200 µM EGT, at 15 °C, part of the samples for one and another part for three weeks. In comparison with the control (without EGT), EGT supplementation at 100 µM significantly increased the percentage of total motility of spermatozoa that were preserved as a liquid both for one and three weeks (P < 0.05). EGT supplementation did not affect the quality of preserved spermatozoa, irrespective of the EGT concentration. In the second experiment, semen was frozen and thawed in the freezing extender supplemented with 0, 50, 100 and 200 µM EGT. In comparison with the control, the 100 µM EGT supplementation significantly increased the percentages of total and progressive motility of frozen-thawed spermatozoa (P < 0.05). EGT (100 µM) supplementation did not affect the viability, the plasma membrane integrity, or the acrosomal integrity of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. These findings indicate that supplementing extenders with 100 µM EGT may improve the motility of boar sperm in both liquid and freezing preservation methods.

Canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (CCMCTs) are common in dogs and exhibit many unpredictable behaviors. This study aimed to encourage pathology laboratories in developing countries to routinely assess prognosis by applying commonly used histopathological grading systems and immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers. We performed histological grading according to both the Patnaik and Kiupel systems, determined the mitotic count (MC) and carried out IHC for the detection of Ki67, Bax, Bcl-2 and KIT in 54 CCMCT cases. MC was associated with both grading systems in terms of survival following diagnosis and prognostic factors differed among cases categorized by the cut-off value of 5. KIT patterns were associated with grading systems and MC. The cohort with pattern II had a lower survival rate than those with patterns I and III. Ki67 was associated with survival when evaluated over the cut-off value of 0.018. Bax expression was associated with both grading systems. Median survival time was longer in patients with lower Bax expression level. Immunohistochemical detection of KIT, Ki67 and Bax improves histopathology in predicting the prognosis. If IHC is unavailable, reports regarding MC and values from both grading systems are the most effective, convenient and cost-effective way to provide the most reliable prognostic data and guidance for the clinicians.