Acta veterinaria Hungarica最新文献

In a preliminary survey study, the authors measured intraocular pressure in the right and left eye of 63 (32 females and 31 bucks) 3-8 month old, clinically healthy European brown hares (Lepus europaeus, Pallas, 1778). The mean intraocular pressure was 25.35 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) (n = 63), 25.4 mmHg for bucks and 25.3 mmHg for females. The average standard deviation was 4.86. The difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) between rabbits aged 3-5 months and 6-8 months was not significant, nor was the difference between females and bucks.

This study aimed to obtain the accuracy and precision of a refractometer compared to the biuret methods in measuring plasma total protein in cattle. The total protein concentrations were determined in 131 cattle plasma samples using the biuret and refractometry methods. Paired samples t-test values, Passing-Bablok regression equations and Bland-Altman plots were generated following statistical analysis of the total protein values. Statistical analysis revealed that the refractometer produced a significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean total protein value than the biuret method. The statistical precision and accuracy were 97.16% and 97.52%, respectively. The concordance correlation coefficient test (0.9476) showed a strong linear relationship between the total protein values obtained by the two methods and a moderate agreement between the two methods of total protein determination, but based on the Passing- Bablok analysis, both methods can be used independently. Furthermore, the CUSUM test for linearity with a large P of 0.10 also indicated a linear relationship between the two methods. The Bland-Altman plot indicated an analytical error of 3.0% which is clinically insignificant. The refractometry method was accurate with high precision for the determination of plasma total protein concentrations in cattle. It is portable, accurate and cost-effective.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A in rat model of experimentally induced osteoarthritis. The experiment was conducted on 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Osteoarthritis was induced via intra-articular injection of MIA at a dose of 3 mg per rat. The efficacy of intra-articular injections of 10 U BoNT-A and 20 U BoNT-A was assessed through body weight monitoring, knee circumference measurements, leg posture scoring, as well as X-ray, µCT and histopathological examination. Data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA, generalised linear model, Kruskal-Wallis test, independent samples T test and Mann-Whitney U test. BoNT-A administration led to a significant decrease in body weight and a significant increase in lameness scoring. No significant change was observed in knee circumference measurements by the end of the study. While X-ray evaluations showed no significant differences, micro-CT analyses revealed statistically significant changes. In conclusion, BoNT-A produced statistically significant yet clinically negligible effects on pain and bone parameters. Additionally, higher doses (20U) of BoNT-A were associated with adverse effects.

In this study, the effect of dietary buckwheat on rat testicular tissue was investigated. In the study, 28 male Sprague Dawley rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. The Control Group was fed with a diet containing 36% wheat, Group-1 with 12% buckwheat and 24% wheat, Group-2 with 24% buckwheat and 12% wheat and Group-3 with 36% buckwheat. At the end of the study, the expression levels of Bcl-2, Caspase-3, P38-MAPK, STAT3, JAK2 and PI3K genes were analyzed by Western blot analysis. As the proportion of buckwheat in the diet increased, caspase-3 gene expression increased, but the expression of other genes decreased. In testicular histology, the structure of the Control Group and Group-1 was preserved, while deterioration was observed in the other two groups. Since this damage would also affect spermatogenesis and spermatozoa in the epididymis, subsequent spermatologic analysis showed a significant decrease in semen quality in Group-3. It was concluded that 12% buckwheat supplementation positively affected the testicular structure and semen quality of rats, while 36% buckwheat supplementation negatively affected the testicular structure and semen quality.

In late November 2021, a male serval (Leptailurus serval) which had escaped from an unknown holding facility was observed in the Bükk Mountains of Northern Hungary. A few days were needed to capture the animal with a live trap, after which it was transported to a national Rescue Centre at the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden. The exact origin of the specimen was never identified and apart from being emaciated, it seemed only to be stressed and weakened by the cold weather and starvation. Contrary to the initial fair prognosis, 2.5 days after admittance, the animal rapidly developed pronounced respiratory and central nervous system signs and despite intensive treatment died within a few hours. The subsequent diagnostic investigation revealed that the cause of death was SARS-CoV-2 infection. These diagnostic steps excluded other possible, lethal felid pathogens as causative agents and confirmed that the disease process was attributed to this virus.

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPT) is rarely discussed in animals. This study aimed to report a case of tertiary renal hyperparathyroidism in a dog. A 16-year-old spayed female, Shih Tzu, previously diagnosed with stage 2 chronic kidney disease, presented increased levels of serum urea, creatinine, total calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus and PTH, indicating THPT. Clinical treatment for the renal condition was initiated and cinacalcet hydrochloride (0.5 mg*kg-1, orally, once daily for 7 days, followed by 1 mg*kg-1, orally, once daily for 7 days) was administered to correct the hormonal disorders. PTH, total calcium and ionized concentrations decreased by 56%, 76% and 15%, respectively, in 14 days. However, exacerbation of the uremic crisis was observed, leading to death 26 days after the initiation of the medication. This report appears to be the first to comprehensively discuss THPT in veterinary medicine. The shorter life expectancy of these animals compared to that of humans may be a determining factor for the low prevalence of THPT in dogs. The tendency toward a reduction in PTH, total calcium and ionized calcium achieved after the initiation of cinacalcet hydrochloride use encourages the development of further clinical studies to investigate its application in animals.

Cryptococcosis is a globally occurring fungal disease that affects both humans and animals. It is the most common systemic mycosis in cats, primarily documented through case reports and retrospective studies. In feline cases, clinical symptoms typically begin with skin lesions appearing in the nasal and frontal regions, as observed in the case presented here. This case report details a 13-year-old European shorthair cat that presented with a 3-month history of progressive naso-ocular lesions and weight loss. The cat was likely infected through cat scratches, leading to contamination with encapsulated yeast cells, which resulted in localized skin lesions. Skin scrape cytology of the lesions showed many macrophages with numerous extra and intracytoplasmic organisms compatible with Cryptococcus species. Histopathological examination revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation with encapsulated yeasts. Latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination test on serum was positive. Fungal culture identified Cryptococcus neoformans. Unfortunately, shortly after the initiation of targeted treatment, the cat passed away. The authors provide a comprehensive overview of this cryptococcosis case. Cryptococcosis is an underdiagnosed disease and its early detection can be challenging due to nonspecific symptoms. Early initiation of targeted antifungal therapy significantly increases the chances of recovery.

The low dose dexamethasone stimulation test (LDDST) is routinely used in canine medicine but in the few cases in guinea pigs diagnosed with hypercortisolism, the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test was used. The objective of the authors was to conduct a pilot study and find out if the standard test used in dogs can be used in this species.A 4-year-old intact female hairless guinea pig showed bilaterally enlarged adrenal glands and high cortisol levels. Urine was collected and, after initial saliva sample collection, 0.01 mg*kg-1 dexamethasone was administered. Saliva was collected with a 1 mL syringe to determine cortisol levels upon 2, 4 and 8 h after dexamethasone application.The urine cortisol:creatinine ratio was above 465.4*10-6. Before applying dexamethasone, the cortisol level was 171 nmol*L-1. 2 h after initial application, it was 79 nmol*L-1, at 4 h it was 70 nmol*L-1, and at 8 h it rose to 1,280 nmol*L-1.The LDDST used in canine medicine to diagnose hypercortisolism can be adapted to guinea pigs and yields results to diagnose Cushing's syndrome in this species. As dexamethasone is more accessible, cheaper and more sensitive than the ACTH stimulation test, it should be a preferred choice from all aspects.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the differences in tissue levels of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) in benign and malignant mammary tumours in dogs. A total of 45 tumoural masses taken from 22 dogs with mammary tumours were included in the study. Based on the histopathological results of mammary tissues, study groups were formed as bening tumours (Group BT; n = 15) and malignant tumours (Group MT; n = 30) with Group MT divided into 2 subgroups as malignant epithelial tumours (Group MET; n = 16), carcinosarcomas and malignant mixed tumours (Group MMT; n = 14). Mean ER and EGFR levels in Group BT were significantly higher than both in Group MT (P < 0.01) and Group MET (P < 0.05). In Group MET, only PR levels exhibited significant differences related to the clinicopathological parameters. In conclusion, with the PR biomarker, a distinction can be made between Grade 2 and Grade 3 tumours and invasive or non-invasive tumours. It has been observed that these biomarkers can reveal the presence of the tumour and may be beneficial in evaluating the clinical and pathological characteristics of the tumour.

In small ruminants, assessing the success of superovulatory treatments can be challenging, as there is considerable variability between individual animals. The current "gold standard" for examination of the superovulated ovaries is laparoscopy. B-mode ultrasonography with a transrectal or transvaginal transducer can also be used to locate the ovarian structures.In this study, 23 Merino ewes were used to test two types of ultrasonographic examination techniques against laparoscopy.The ewes were treated with long-term (12 days) progesterone treatment followed by a single injection of eCG (1000 IU) at removal of the progesterone sponge. The animals were examined two days after sponge removal and 7 days after the first examination.The chance of localizing the ovaries was significantly higher with the transrectal method than with the vaginal ultrasonography (P > 0.05). In cases when the ovary was successfully visualized, there was a significant difference between the number of ovarian structures (antral follicles and corpora lutea) detected by transrectal ultrasonography and laparoscopy (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between intravaginal examination and laparoscopy in this regard.The current results are promising in the usefulness of vaginal ultrasonography as an alternative to the more commonly used transrectal technique.However, more research is needed to evaluate if either the transrectal or the vaginal ultrasound examination can be completely reliable in assessing the results of a superovulatory treatment.