Acta veterinaria Hungarica最新文献

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPT) is rarely discussed in animals. This study aimed to report a case of tertiary renal hyperparathyroidism in a dog. A 16-year-old spayed female, Shih Tzu, previously diagnosed with stage 2 chronic kidney disease, presented increased levels of serum urea, creatinine, total calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus and PTH, indicating THPT. Clinical treatment for the renal condition was initiated and cinacalcet hydrochloride (0.5 mg*kg-1, orally, once daily for 7 days, followed by 1 mg*kg-1, orally, once daily for 7 days) was administered to correct the hormonal disorders. PTH, total calcium and ionized concentrations decreased by 56%, 76% and 15%, respectively, in 14 days. However, exacerbation of the uremic crisis was observed, leading to death 26 days after the initiation of the medication. This report appears to be the first to comprehensively discuss THPT in veterinary medicine. The shorter life expectancy of these animals compared to that of humans may be a determining factor for the low prevalence of THPT in dogs. The tendency toward a reduction in PTH, total calcium and ionized calcium achieved after the initiation of cinacalcet hydrochloride use encourages the development of further clinical studies to investigate its application in animals.

Cryptococcosis is a globally occurring fungal disease that affects both humans and animals. It is the most common systemic mycosis in cats, primarily documented through case reports and retrospective studies. In feline cases, clinical symptoms typically begin with skin lesions appearing in the nasal and frontal regions, as observed in the case presented here. This case report details a 13-year-old European shorthair cat that presented with a 3-month history of progressive naso-ocular lesions and weight loss. The cat was likely infected through cat scratches, leading to contamination with encapsulated yeast cells, which resulted in localized skin lesions. Skin scrape cytology of the lesions showed many macrophages with numerous extra and intracytoplasmic organisms compatible with Cryptococcus species. Histopathological examination revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation with encapsulated yeasts. Latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination test on serum was positive. Fungal culture identified Cryptococcus neoformans. Unfortunately, shortly after the initiation of targeted treatment, the cat passed away. The authors provide a comprehensive overview of this cryptococcosis case. Cryptococcosis is an underdiagnosed disease and its early detection can be challenging due to nonspecific symptoms. Early initiation of targeted antifungal therapy significantly increases the chances of recovery.

The low dose dexamethasone stimulation test (LDDST) is routinely used in canine medicine but in the few cases in guinea pigs diagnosed with hypercortisolism, the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test was used. The objective of the authors was to conduct a pilot study and find out if the standard test used in dogs can be used in this species.A 4-year-old intact female hairless guinea pig showed bilaterally enlarged adrenal glands and high cortisol levels. Urine was collected and, after initial saliva sample collection, 0.01 mg*kg-1 dexamethasone was administered. Saliva was collected with a 1 mL syringe to determine cortisol levels upon 2, 4 and 8 h after dexamethasone application.The urine cortisol:creatinine ratio was above 465.4*10-6. Before applying dexamethasone, the cortisol level was 171 nmol*L-1. 2 h after initial application, it was 79 nmol*L-1, at 4 h it was 70 nmol*L-1, and at 8 h it rose to 1,280 nmol*L-1.The LDDST used in canine medicine to diagnose hypercortisolism can be adapted to guinea pigs and yields results to diagnose Cushing's syndrome in this species. As dexamethasone is more accessible, cheaper and more sensitive than the ACTH stimulation test, it should be a preferred choice from all aspects.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the differences in tissue levels of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) in benign and malignant mammary tumours in dogs. A total of 45 tumoural masses taken from 22 dogs with mammary tumours were included in the study. Based on the histopathological results of mammary tissues, study groups were formed as bening tumours (Group BT; n = 15) and malignant tumours (Group MT; n = 30) with Group MT divided into 2 subgroups as malignant epithelial tumours (Group MET; n = 16), carcinosarcomas and malignant mixed tumours (Group MMT; n = 14). Mean ER and EGFR levels in Group BT were significantly higher than both in Group MT (P < 0.01) and Group MET (P < 0.05). In Group MET, only PR levels exhibited significant differences related to the clinicopathological parameters. In conclusion, with the PR biomarker, a distinction can be made between Grade 2 and Grade 3 tumours and invasive or non-invasive tumours. It has been observed that these biomarkers can reveal the presence of the tumour and may be beneficial in evaluating the clinical and pathological characteristics of the tumour.

In small ruminants, assessing the success of superovulatory treatments can be challenging, as there is considerable variability between individual animals. The current "gold standard" for examination of the superovulated ovaries is laparoscopy. B-mode ultrasonography with a transrectal or transvaginal transducer can also be used to locate the ovarian structures.In this study, 23 Merino ewes were used to test two types of ultrasonographic examination techniques against laparoscopy.The ewes were treated with long-term (12 days) progesterone treatment followed by a single injection of eCG (1000 IU) at removal of the progesterone sponge. The animals were examined two days after sponge removal and 7 days after the first examination.The chance of localizing the ovaries was significantly higher with the transrectal method than with the vaginal ultrasonography (P > 0.05). In cases when the ovary was successfully visualized, there was a significant difference between the number of ovarian structures (antral follicles and corpora lutea) detected by transrectal ultrasonography and laparoscopy (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between intravaginal examination and laparoscopy in this regard.The current results are promising in the usefulness of vaginal ultrasonography as an alternative to the more commonly used transrectal technique.However, more research is needed to evaluate if either the transrectal or the vaginal ultrasound examination can be completely reliable in assessing the results of a superovulatory treatment.

Previous studies have been conducted on age- and parity-related complete blood count (CBC) changes in adult dairy cows. This study aimed to confirm these changes in beef cows. Blood samples collected one month before parturition from 434 clinically healthy, pregnant Hanwoo beef cows were analysed. Fourteen haematological parameters were measured using a Hemavet 950. The average CBC parameter values of four age groups (≤36, 37-72, 73-108, and ≥109 months) and four parity groups (parity 0, 1, 2-4, and ≥5) were compared. Ten parameters differed across the age groups (P < 0.05). Ten parameters also differed across the parity groups (P < 0.05). The CBC results of the pregnant cows differed for only one parameter when they were stratified by the sex of the calf confirmed after delivery and for two parameters based on the birth weight of the calf. Our results confirm that the CBC reference intervals in beef cows can be affected by age and parity. Additionally, these results emphasise the need to establish reference intervals for age- and parity-based subclasses of beef cattle to increase the accuracy of CBC.

Assisted reproduction (AR) is a rapidly developing clinical area both in human and animal reproductive medicine. The assisted reproductive techniques (ART) used in human and animal AR are very similar and, in many cases, identical. Therefore, the laboratory/clinical assisted reproductive experiments with animals and their gametes/embryos are very useful for the development of procedures used in human AR. The purpose of the application of ARTs is basically the same in human and veterinary medicine, i.e. to promote and support reproduction. However, there is a marked difference between them in terms of indication. In human AR, these procedures are used to treat individuals and couples with fertility problems, so that they can have children. In veterinary medicine, however, ARTs are used on animals that are completely healthy from a reproductive biological point of view (fertile) but carry some advantageous genetic trait(s). Therefore, the purpose of application of ARTs is to have as many offspring as possible during their lifetime, more than what could be achieved naturally. Due to the large number of gametes/embryos transferred, the mouse and bovine species are the most suitable for gaining experience that can be directly applied in human AR. Assisted reproductive techniques can be performed under less stringent conditions in animals, thus accelerating progress in human AR.

The present case report details on the treatment of a complicated surgery of perineal hernia accompanied by rectal diverticulum in a 5-year-old, neutered male Maltese terrier. The dog presented with dyschezia, tenesmus and a painful swelling in the left perineal area. Radiographs revealed a faeces-filled sac in the perineal region and an enlarged rectum, confirming the diagnosis of perineal hernia and rectal diverticulum. Surgical intervention included diverticulectomy and herniorrhaphy using biomaterials (polypropylene mesh and collagen-based sponges) to reinforce the hernia repair. Postoperatively, carprofen and ceftriaxone were administered and recovery was closely monitored. At the 60-day follow-up, the dog exhibited no complications and no recurrence was reported over a one-year period. The use of polypropylene mesh along with collagen-based sponges enhanced healing. This case highlights the efficacy of biomaterials in complex, chronic hernia cases in dogs, where traditional surgical techniques may be insufficient.

This the first report on the presence of Ehrlichia cf. ewingii in a reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Hungary. The animal started to show apathy and loss of appetite and subsequently died shortly after being placed in an enclosure with dense vegetation, following a quarantine period. During the diagnostic necropsy, a large volume of reddish pericardial and thoracic effusion was observed resembling heartwater disease. Ehrlichia cf. ewingii was detected from the thoracic effusion by PCR and sequencing. The selenium content of multiple organs (liver, kidney, heart and skeletal muscles) were measured, but no increase was found. PCR tests for the detection of adenoviruses from the liver, lungs and spleen were negative. The routine bacteriological culture from the liver did not yield specific results either. To establish a causal relationship between the presence of E. cf. ewingii and the animal's death, further investigations are necessary.

Mixed infections are a serious problem causing significant economic losses in the duck industry. Duck hepatitis A virus serotype 3 (DHAV-3), duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) and novel duck reovirus (NDRV), belonging to the family Picornaviridae, Flaviviridae and Spinareoviridae, respectively, are important pathogens with similar symptoms in infected ducks. To detect and differentiate these viruses, this study developed a triplex real-time PCR assay targeting the VP1, E and σC genes of DHAV-3, DTMUV and NDRV, respectively. Validation tests and clinical applications followed the optimization of the triplex real-time PCR assay. The novel triplex assay showed high specificity with no cross-reactivity with eight other common duck viruses. The detection limits were 1 × 101 copies/μL for DTMUV, DHAV-3 and NDRV, with intra- and inter-assay variation coefficients (CV) below 4%. A total of 135 clinical samples were tested to evaluate the method's feasibility. The positive rates for DHAV-3, DTMUV and NDRV were 13.33%, 10.37% and 8.15%, respectively. Using virus isolation as a reference, the triplex qPCR assay showed 100% detection sensitivity for all three viruses, with specificity and coincidence values above 97%. In conclusion, the established triplex TaqMan PCR is highly specific, sensitive and reproducible, providing a practical approach for detecting and monitoring DHAV-3, DTMUV and NDRV in ducks.