Acta veterinaria Hungarica最新文献

Previous studies have been conducted on age- and parity-related complete blood count (CBC) changes in adult dairy cows. This study aimed to confirm these changes in beef cows. Blood samples collected one month before parturition from 434 clinically healthy, pregnant Hanwoo beef cows were analysed. Fourteen haematological parameters were measured using a Hemavet 950. The average CBC parameter values of four age groups (≤36, 37-72, 73-108, and ≥109 months) and four parity groups (parity 0, 1, 2-4, and ≥5) were compared. Ten parameters differed across the age groups (P < 0.05). Ten parameters also differed across the parity groups (P < 0.05). The CBC results of the pregnant cows differed for only one parameter when they were stratified by the sex of the calf confirmed after delivery and for two parameters based on the birth weight of the calf. Our results confirm that the CBC reference intervals in beef cows can be affected by age and parity. Additionally, these results emphasise the need to establish reference intervals for age- and parity-based subclasses of beef cattle to increase the accuracy of CBC.

Assisted reproduction (AR) is a rapidly developing clinical area both in human and animal reproductive medicine. The assisted reproductive techniques (ART) used in human and animal AR are very similar and, in many cases, identical. Therefore, the laboratory/clinical assisted reproductive experiments with animals and their gametes/embryos are very useful for the development of procedures used in human AR. The purpose of the application of ARTs is basically the same in human and veterinary medicine, i.e. to promote and support reproduction. However, there is a marked difference between them in terms of indication. In human AR, these procedures are used to treat individuals and couples with fertility problems, so that they can have children. In veterinary medicine, however, ARTs are used on animals that are completely healthy from a reproductive biological point of view (fertile) but carry some advantageous genetic trait(s). Therefore, the purpose of application of ARTs is to have as many offspring as possible during their lifetime, more than what could be achieved naturally. Due to the large number of gametes/embryos transferred, the mouse and bovine species are the most suitable for gaining experience that can be directly applied in human AR. Assisted reproductive techniques can be performed under less stringent conditions in animals, thus accelerating progress in human AR.

The present case report details on the treatment of a complicated surgery of perineal hernia accompanied by rectal diverticulum in a 5-year-old, neutered male Maltese terrier. The dog presented with dyschezia, tenesmus and a painful swelling in the left perineal area. Radiographs revealed a faeces-filled sac in the perineal region and an enlarged rectum, confirming the diagnosis of perineal hernia and rectal diverticulum. Surgical intervention included diverticulectomy and herniorrhaphy using biomaterials (polypropylene mesh and collagen-based sponges) to reinforce the hernia repair. Postoperatively, carprofen and ceftriaxone were administered and recovery was closely monitored. At the 60-day follow-up, the dog exhibited no complications and no recurrence was reported over a one-year period. The use of polypropylene mesh along with collagen-based sponges enhanced healing. This case highlights the efficacy of biomaterials in complex, chronic hernia cases in dogs, where traditional surgical techniques may be insufficient.

This the first report on the presence of Ehrlichia cf. ewingii in a reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Hungary. The animal started to show apathy and loss of appetite and subsequently died shortly after being placed in an enclosure with dense vegetation, following a quarantine period. During the diagnostic necropsy, a large volume of reddish pericardial and thoracic effusion was observed resembling heartwater disease. Ehrlichia cf. ewingii was detected from the thoracic effusion by PCR and sequencing. The selenium content of multiple organs (liver, kidney, heart and skeletal muscles) were measured, but no increase was found. PCR tests for the detection of adenoviruses from the liver, lungs and spleen were negative. The routine bacteriological culture from the liver did not yield specific results either. To establish a causal relationship between the presence of E. cf. ewingii and the animal's death, further investigations are necessary.

Mixed infections are a serious problem causing significant economic losses in the duck industry. Duck hepatitis A virus serotype 3 (DHAV-3), duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) and novel duck reovirus (NDRV), belonging to the family Picornaviridae, Flaviviridae and Spinareoviridae, respectively, are important pathogens with similar symptoms in infected ducks. To detect and differentiate these viruses, this study developed a triplex real-time PCR assay targeting the VP1, E and σC genes of DHAV-3, DTMUV and NDRV, respectively. Validation tests and clinical applications followed the optimization of the triplex real-time PCR assay. The novel triplex assay showed high specificity with no cross-reactivity with eight other common duck viruses. The detection limits were 1 × 101 copies/μL for DTMUV, DHAV-3 and NDRV, with intra- and inter-assay variation coefficients (CV) below 4%. A total of 135 clinical samples were tested to evaluate the method's feasibility. The positive rates for DHAV-3, DTMUV and NDRV were 13.33%, 10.37% and 8.15%, respectively. Using virus isolation as a reference, the triplex qPCR assay showed 100% detection sensitivity for all three viruses, with specificity and coincidence values above 97%. In conclusion, the established triplex TaqMan PCR is highly specific, sensitive and reproducible, providing a practical approach for detecting and monitoring DHAV-3, DTMUV and NDRV in ducks.

To compensate the lack of molecular-phylogenetic data on hindgut flagellates in Hungary, galliform birds were monitored in five regions for two years. Samples were collected from 11 turkeys (from 4 flocks) and 9 pheasants (from 3 farm-raised flocks) suspected to have histomonosis. These samples were molecularly and phylogenetically analysed. In nine turkeys, five 18S rRNA genes and two ITS sequence variants of Histomonas meleagridis were identified. These variants were identical between the caecum and liver of the same bird in most cases, but different 18S variants were identified between sampling sites. In one turkey, an unnamed species, here designated as "Dientamoebidae sp. HUN35", was identified. Its 18S rRNA gene sequence was near-identical (99.6-99.3%) to the sequence reported previously; and the ITS-1/5.8S/ITS-2 region confirmed a close relationship with H. meleagridis and Dientamoeba fragilis. In one pheasant, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum was detected. Different 18S rRNA variants had either identical or different ITS sequences, thus optimally, both should be used for molecular epidemiological studies. Our results suggest the unnamed Dientamoebidae sp. has been present in Hungary since its first detection in 2010 and the host range of this species as well as that of T. gallinarum is broader than previously thought.

This research evaluated the effects of multiple La Sota vaccinations on atrophy of the lymphoid organs associated with the velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) infection in pullets. Two hundred pullets were randomly assigned into five groups designated as unvaccinated unchallenged {UU}, unvaccinated challenged {UC}, La Sota 1 {L1}, La Sota 2 {L2} and La Sota 3 {L3}. At three weeks old, pullets in groups L1, L2 and L3 were vaccinated with La Sota vaccine. At five weeks, L2 and L3 groups received a second dose of the vaccine. At 7 weeks, only L3 group received the third dose. At ten weeks, birds in vaccinated and UC groups were challenged with 0.1 ml of vNDV Kudu 113 intramuscularly. Clinical signs of ND and mortality were observed in UC on days 2 and 3 post challenged (PC) while no mortality was observed in vaccinated groups. Atrophy of the lymphoid organs observed in vaccinated groups was more severe in L3 on days 3 and 7 PC. On days 7, 14 and 21 PC, antibody titre was higher in L1 and L2 than in L3. This study showed that multiple La Sota vaccinations up to 3 successive times cause severe atrophy of the lymphoid organs.

We examined aspects of husbandry, health and welfare of pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus, GP) in Norway. An online questionnaire (with 100 questions) was completed by 284 GP owners. Crossbreeds were the most common (36.6%). Most GPs were between one and four years of age (67.2%). The sex ratio was about 50-50%. Animals were mainly housed indoors (64.1%) and only nine GPs had less space than 0.72 m2. The incidence of stereotypic or negative behaviours was low. Nearly all GPs (93.3%) had ad libitum access to hay. Complete extruded or pelleted feeds were most commonly fed (80.6%). Almost 60% of the participants reported that their GP is fed fresh vegetables daily which may explain why 63.7% of the respondents never fed vitamin C supplements. Ectoparasites (21.1%) were the most prevalent health problems, followed by coughing and/or sneezing (19.7%), abscesses (12.7%), and overgrown nails (11.6%). The only significant associations were that GPs over 3 years had more than two simultaneous health problems (P < 0.005). Ovarian cysts were also more frequent among these animals (P < 0.005). The most commonly utilized source of husbandry information was the internet (80.3%).

Our paper presents a case study of a Welsh pony mare with grazing-induced severe urticaria. The main clinical signs were eye swelling, depression and extensive urticaria. Physical examination revealed no other abnormalities. Botanical sampling revealed horseweed (Conyza canadensis) as the most abundant species and a potential allergen plant due to sesquiterpene lactones (SQL). Differential diagnosis strongly suggested that the clinical signs were the result of a hypersensitivity reaction to this plant. Former studies brought controversial data about the toxic or allergic potential of horseweed especially for equids thus our paper is the first interpretation of horseweed induced urticaria.

The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of trematode parasites and identify the epidemiological risk factors to develop effective management and control strategies. Between August 2021 and May 2023, 1,200 faecal samples from locally reared sheep in North Kashmir were examined using the sedimentation technique to detect trematode eggs. Positive samples were further assessed using the McMaster technique to determine eggs per gram. The overall prevalence of trematodes was 5.33%, with amphistomes accounting for 2.33%, Fasciola spp. for 2.08%, and Dicrocoelium spp. for 1.33%. Season, age and breed showed no effect on significant effect on prevalence, while sex and body condition had a significant impact. Trematode prevalence also varied between districts. EPG values ranged from 0 to 300, with a mean of 151.563 ± 8.181. Amphistomes, Fasciola spp. and Dicrocoelium spp. had EPG ranges of 0-300, 0-300 and 0-250, with mean values of 186.957 ± 14.817, 150.000 ± 8.704 and 114.286 ± 17.719 respectively. Season, age, sex and breed significantly affected parasitic load. To prevent disease outbreaks and reduce environmental contamination with metacercariae, deworming should be carried out in late winter/early spring, early summer/mid-summer and mid-autumn/late autumn. Low EPG values may indicate lower infection levels. The study shall help in strategic treatment of animals, which will help in conserving the efficacy of drugs.