Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000413
M. Asmamaw, G. Keneni, K. Tesfaye
The genetic diversity of 141 Ethiopian durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) landrace collections and 19 improved varieties was analyzed using primers of 12 SSR markers in 2015. The experiment was conducted at the National Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Holetta, Ethiopia. The difference between the longest and shortest amplified fragment size ranged from 100 to 350 bp. The highest variation in fragment size was observed for primer CFD 257 (250-350 bp) and the lowest was for primer CFA2278 (100-180 bp). All the 12 SSR primer pairs were polymorphic and generated a total of 74 alleles. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 for primers WMS 375, WMS 493, and CFD257 to 9 for primers WMS53, with a mean of 6 alleles per locus. Some loci were more monomorphic (WMS493, WMS516, and WMS532) with less gene flow than other loci such as WMS269 and WMS234. Based on the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), lower level (19%) of variation was observed among populations and higher level (81%) within population. The dendogram of cluster analysis based on neighbor-joining algorithm categorized the 160 durum wheat genotypes into three major clusters. Cluster I consisted 47, Cluster II 64, and Cluster III 49 genotypes. Based on the magnitude of the genetic distance (GD), more differentiations were observed between accessions in populations originated from different geographical regions in Ethiopia.
{"title":"Genetic Diversity of Ethiopian Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Landrace Collections as Reveled by SSR Markers","authors":"M. Asmamaw, G. Keneni, K. Tesfaye","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000413","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic diversity of 141 Ethiopian durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) landrace collections and 19 improved varieties was analyzed using primers of 12 SSR markers in 2015. The experiment was conducted at the National Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Holetta, Ethiopia. The difference between the longest and shortest amplified fragment size ranged from 100 to 350 bp. The highest variation in fragment size was observed for primer CFD 257 (250-350 bp) and the lowest was for primer CFA2278 (100-180 bp). All the 12 SSR primer pairs were polymorphic and generated a total of 74 alleles. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 for primers WMS 375, WMS 493, and CFD257 to 9 for primers WMS53, with a mean of 6 alleles per locus. Some loci were more monomorphic (WMS493, WMS516, and WMS532) with less gene flow than other loci such as WMS269 and WMS234. Based on the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), lower level (19%) of variation was observed among populations and higher level (81%) within population. The dendogram of cluster analysis based on neighbor-joining algorithm categorized the 160 durum wheat genotypes into three major clusters. Cluster I consisted 47, Cluster II 64, and Cluster III 49 genotypes. Based on the magnitude of the genetic distance (GD), more differentiations were observed between accessions in populations originated from different geographical regions in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81242657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863-c2-007
pShrini K Upadhyayap
{"title":"Plant water stress based precision irrigation using a wireless network of sensors and controllers","authors":"pShrini K Upadhyayap","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863-c2-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863-c2-007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74094378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000385
Brikti Ferede, F. Mekbib, K. Assefa, S. Chanyalew, E. Abraha, Z. Tadele
Breeding for moisture stress tolerance by conventional methods is not satisfactory in view of current demand to increase crop productivity. Inducing somaclonal variation is a potential technique to obtain stress tolerant variants. The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance of tef somaclones (R1 generation) and their respective parental genotypes for drought tolerance. The materials used in this experiment were obtained from the R0 generation of previous in vitro culture experiment. Twelve seed derived somaclones; Melko 0, Melko 0.5, Melko 1, Melko 1.5, Gemechis 0, Gemechis 0.5, Gemechis 1, Gemechis 1.5, Pop12S20, Pop12S20.5, Pop12S21 and Pop12S21.5 and their respective parental genotypes (Melko, Gemechis and Pop12S2) were used under two set of experiments (i.e., under moisture stress and non-stress conditions) in pots under green house. The experiments were laid out in completely randomized design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed that somaclones (R1 generation) and their parental genotypes showed highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) difference in all the measured traits under both moisture regimes. Comparisons were made between the somaclones and their parents under moisture stress and non-stress conditions for the measured traits. Under moisture stress condition superiority of the somaclones was observed except for number of spikelet/panicle and total number of tiller/plant. On the other hand, under non-stress condition better performance was observed from parental genotypes for number of spikelet/ panicle, panicle weight, panicle seed weight, plant weight, plant seed weight and grain yield. The results showed that all the somaclones and their parental genotypes were negatively affected by moisture stress for all studied parameters. However, somaclones were less affected by moisture stress as compared to the parental genotypes. Hence, in vitro culture induced somaclonal variation can effectively be used for selection and improvement of drought tolerant tef genotypes.
{"title":"Evaluation of Tef ( Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) Somaclones for Drought Tolerance","authors":"Brikti Ferede, F. Mekbib, K. Assefa, S. Chanyalew, E. Abraha, Z. Tadele","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000385","url":null,"abstract":"Breeding for moisture stress tolerance by conventional methods is not satisfactory in view of current demand to increase crop productivity. Inducing somaclonal variation is a potential technique to obtain stress tolerant variants. The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance of tef somaclones (R1 generation) and their respective parental genotypes for drought tolerance. The materials used in this experiment were obtained from the R0 generation of previous in vitro culture experiment. Twelve seed derived somaclones; Melko 0, Melko 0.5, Melko 1, Melko 1.5, Gemechis 0, Gemechis 0.5, Gemechis 1, Gemechis 1.5, Pop12S20, Pop12S20.5, Pop12S21 and Pop12S21.5 and their respective parental genotypes (Melko, Gemechis and Pop12S2) were used under two set of experiments (i.e., under moisture stress and non-stress conditions) in pots under green house. The experiments were laid out in completely randomized design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed that somaclones (R1 generation) and their parental genotypes showed highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) difference in all the measured traits under both moisture regimes. Comparisons were made between the somaclones and their parents under moisture stress and non-stress conditions for the measured traits. Under moisture stress condition superiority of the somaclones was observed except for number of spikelet/panicle and total number of tiller/plant. On the other hand, under non-stress condition better performance was observed from parental genotypes for number of spikelet/ panicle, panicle weight, panicle seed weight, plant weight, plant seed weight and grain yield. The results showed that all the somaclones and their parental genotypes were negatively affected by moisture stress for all studied parameters. However, somaclones were less affected by moisture stress as compared to the parental genotypes. Hence, in vitro culture induced somaclonal variation can effectively be used for selection and improvement of drought tolerant tef genotypes.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76747581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rice is one of the most important food crop which is a stable food for more than half of the world population providing one fifth of calorie consumption. In Ethiopia, it is considered as one of the target commodity that can promote agricultural production of the country. Ethiopia has a wide range of ecology that is suitable for rice production which is not suitable for other crops. Although the country has high potential, the lack well adaptable varieties is one of the major problem especially for irrigated areas. The present study was conducted with the objective of assessing the presence of genetic variability in 64 genotypes. The genotypes were evaluated from June to November 2016 at WARC experimental site using 8 × 8 simple lattice designs. The ANOVA revealed that there is highly significant difference between the genotypes in all studied traits. Also, GCV and PCV indicate the presence of variability in all studied traits. But PCV is a bit higher than GCV which indicated the influence of the environment in each trait although the effect was not much except in PL. The presence of high heritability and genetic advance in most of the traits indicates the presence of additive gene action. So, these traits can be improved through direct selection. The phenotypic correlation and principal component analysis showed that most of the traits evaluated are important for selection of high yielding genotypes and contributing their share for wider genetic variability of the genotypes. Therefore, the overall result indicates the presence of enough variability for development of improved rice varieties and the studied traits can be used for selection. But the experiment should be repeated by integrating more number of important traits in representative irrigated areas of the country.
{"title":"Genetic Variability Study of Yield and Yield Related Traits in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes","authors":"Beakal Tadesse Girma, Mihratu Amanuel Kitil, Desta Gebere Banje, Hailu Mengistu Biru, Tadiyos Bayisa Serbessa","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000381","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is one of the most important food crop which is a stable food for more than half of the world population providing one fifth of calorie consumption. In Ethiopia, it is considered as one of the target commodity that can promote agricultural production of the country. Ethiopia has a wide range of ecology that is suitable for rice production which is not suitable for other crops. Although the country has high potential, the lack well adaptable varieties is one of the major problem especially for irrigated areas. The present study was conducted with the objective of assessing the presence of genetic variability in 64 genotypes. The genotypes were evaluated from June to November 2016 at WARC experimental site using 8 × 8 simple lattice designs. The ANOVA revealed that there is highly significant difference between the genotypes in all studied traits. Also, GCV and PCV indicate the presence of variability in all studied traits. But PCV is a bit higher than GCV which indicated the influence of the environment in each trait although the effect was not much except in PL. The presence of high heritability and genetic advance in most of the traits indicates the presence of additive gene action. So, these traits can be improved through direct selection. The phenotypic correlation and principal component analysis showed that most of the traits evaluated are important for selection of high yielding genotypes and contributing their share for wider genetic variability of the genotypes. Therefore, the overall result indicates the presence of enough variability for development of improved rice varieties and the studied traits can be used for selection. But the experiment should be repeated by integrating more number of important traits in representative irrigated areas of the country.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86995246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-04DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000368
G. Getaneh, Endalew Hailu, K. Sadessa, T. Alemu, Girma Megersa
Faba bean is the most important and dominant pulse crop of Ethiopia. In recent years the newly emerged disease were occurred and being threat to the production. The causal agent, disease alternative host and inoculums source were studied during the 2015-17 cropping season. As a result, based on field/plant symptom, morphometry and light microscopy, the pathogen were similar to previously identified faba bean gall disease which was caused by the fungal pathogen Olpidium viciae. It was observed that it can infect other hosts with mild severity. The alternate host study showed, the pathogen was largely soil and stubble born. Seeds from infected plant didn’t develop any disease symptom the consecutive three years.
{"title":"The Causal Pathogen, Inoculum Sources and Alternative Hosts Studies of the Newly Emerged Gall Forming Faba Bean (Vicia faba) Disease in Ethiopia","authors":"G. Getaneh, Endalew Hailu, K. Sadessa, T. Alemu, Girma Megersa","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000368","url":null,"abstract":"Faba bean is the most important and dominant pulse crop of Ethiopia. In recent years the newly emerged disease were occurred and being threat to the production. The causal agent, disease alternative host and inoculums source were studied during the 2015-17 cropping season. As a result, based on field/plant symptom, morphometry and light microscopy, the pathogen were similar to previously identified faba bean gall disease which was caused by the fungal pathogen Olpidium viciae. It was observed that it can infect other hosts with mild severity. The alternate host study showed, the pathogen was largely soil and stubble born. Seeds from infected plant didn’t develop any disease symptom the consecutive three years.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76851654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000350
S. Smita, Kishori Rl
Assessing variability is fundamental to identify the most important traits in Ocimum improvement program. The objective of the present study was to estimate variability, heritability and genetic advance based on twelve morphological characters of Ocimum. The experiment was conducted in 2015/16 main cropping season at one location by using randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed highly significant differences (P<0.01) among genotypes for all characters considered. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for all character was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). The estimation of broad sense heritability ĥ2(BS)% was observed to be lower than those of broad sense heritability ĥ2(BS)% for all characters. Genetics advance was recorded as maximum for eugenol content (96.65). Highest heritability in broad sense ĥ2(BS)% recorded for days to maturity (99.46). On the basis of study accessions G-4, G-7, G-9, G-11, G-18 and G-25 were identified high oil of better quality. These accessions may be exploited for commercial cultivation.
{"title":"Estimation of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Essential Oil Yield and Related Traits in Genus Ocimum","authors":"S. Smita, Kishori Rl","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000350","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing variability is fundamental to identify the most important traits in Ocimum improvement program. The objective of the present study was to estimate variability, heritability and genetic advance based on twelve morphological characters of Ocimum. The experiment was conducted in 2015/16 main cropping season at one location by using randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed highly significant differences (P<0.01) among genotypes for all characters considered. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for all character was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). The estimation of broad sense heritability ĥ2(BS)% was observed to be lower than those of broad sense heritability ĥ2(BS)% for all characters. Genetics advance was recorded as maximum for eugenol content (96.65). Highest heritability in broad sense ĥ2(BS)% recorded for days to maturity (99.46). On the basis of study accessions G-4, G-7, G-9, G-11, G-18 and G-25 were identified high oil of better quality. These accessions may be exploited for commercial cultivation.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80731373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-28DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000349
A. Mukhtiar, A. Waqar, Khalil Mq, Muhammad Tariq, S. Muhammad, A. Hussain, A. Kamal
Use of organic manures for crop productivity not only improve crop production but also improving soil physicochemical properties. It also reduces soil and water pollution by acting as chelating agent for inorganic nutrients. Keeping these things in view an experiment was carried out aiming the use of different organic manures for improving crop productivity and to select a potential organic manure that improve crop productivity compared to others. All the manures were applied at the same rate 5 tons ha-1. The results revealed that all the wheat parameters were significantly affected by differences in nature of organic manures except days to emergence. Plots receiving Poultry manures has high Spikes m-2 (274), Grains spike-1 (60), more 1000 grain weight (42.287 g), high biological yield (11435 kg ha-1) and high grain yield (3996 kg ha-1). Similarly, Sheep manure had also great effect on wheat parameters such as higher emergence m-2(103), Tillers m-2 (308), plant height (104.50 cm), Grains spike-1 (60) and similar 1000 grain weight compared to poultry manures (42.200). Cattle and Farmyard manure were also found better compared to legume residue but were found less important in improving wheat quality compared to poultry and sheep manure. Similarly, legume residues showed very poor performance in improving wheat quality compared to other organic manures. Wheat parameters were found better performed when poultry or sheep manures applied at the rate of 5 tons ha-1. Therefore, it is recommended that application of sheep or poultry manures at the rate mentioned above improve wheat components under the agro-climatic conditions of Pakistan.
施用有机肥不仅能提高作物产量，还能改善土壤理化性质。它还可以作为无机养分的螯合剂，减少土壤和水的污染。考虑到这些问题，进行了一项实验，旨在使用不同的有机肥料来提高作物生产力，并选择一种潜在的有机肥料，与其他有机肥相比，提高作物生产力。所有肥料按相同的比率施用5吨每公顷。结果表明，除出苗期外，有机肥性质差异对小麦各项参数均有显著影响。鸡粪处理小区的穗数m-2高(274穗)，穗数1高(60穗)，千粒重高(42.287 g)，生物产量高(11435 kg ha-1)，籽粒产量高(3996 kg ha-1)。同样，羊粪对小麦的出苗率(m-2)(103)、分蘖率(m-2)(308)、株高(104.50 cm)、穗数(60)和千粒重(42.200)等参数也有很大影响。与豆类残留物相比，牛粪和农家肥的效果更好，但与家禽和羊粪相比，牛粪和农家肥在改善小麦品质方面的作用较小。与其他有机肥相比，豆科植物秸秆对小麦品质的改善效果也很差。以5吨/公顷施用家禽或绵羊粪便时，小麦参数表现较好。因此，建议在巴基斯坦的农业气候条件下，按上述比率施用羊粪或禽粪可改善小麦成分。
{"title":"Evaluating the Potential Organic Manure for Improving Wheat Yield and Quality under Agro-Climatic Conditions of Pakistan","authors":"A. Mukhtiar, A. Waqar, Khalil Mq, Muhammad Tariq, S. Muhammad, A. Hussain, A. Kamal","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000349","url":null,"abstract":"Use of organic manures for crop productivity not only improve crop production but also improving soil physicochemical properties. It also reduces soil and water pollution by acting as chelating agent for inorganic nutrients. Keeping these things in view an experiment was carried out aiming the use of different organic manures for improving crop productivity and to select a potential organic manure that improve crop productivity compared to others. All the manures were applied at the same rate 5 tons ha-1. The results revealed that all the wheat parameters were significantly affected by differences in nature of organic manures except days to emergence. Plots receiving Poultry manures has high Spikes m-2 (274), Grains spike-1 (60), more 1000 grain weight (42.287 g), high biological yield (11435 kg ha-1) and high grain yield (3996 kg ha-1). Similarly, Sheep manure had also great effect on wheat parameters such as higher emergence m-2(103), Tillers m-2 (308), plant height (104.50 cm), Grains spike-1 (60) and similar 1000 grain weight compared to poultry manures (42.200). Cattle and Farmyard manure were also found better compared to legume residue but were found less important in improving wheat quality compared to poultry and sheep manure. Similarly, legume residues showed very poor performance in improving wheat quality compared to other organic manures. Wheat parameters were found better performed when poultry or sheep manures applied at the rate of 5 tons ha-1. Therefore, it is recommended that application of sheep or poultry manures at the rate mentioned above improve wheat components under the agro-climatic conditions of Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76144071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-26DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000347
Demelash Bb
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L; 2n=22) is the most important food legume rich in protein, minerals, and vitamins where its protein content is cheap and easily affordable for the famers of the country. The crop plays great role in maintaining the fertility of the soil through fixing atmospheric nitrogen and thus keeping diversity and stability of the agricultural system. Due to its importance, the total area allocated for common bean crop production and the yield obtained in Ethiopia is 357,299.89 ha and 540,238.94 tons respectively. The productivity of white and red common bean is 1.41 ton/ha and 1.59 ton/ha respectively in 2016 planting season. Since 1970s common bean improvement has been started in Ethiopia and since then more than 50 common bean varieties for different traits and for different agro ecologies were released through conventional breeding in Ethiopia. Currently, in common bean breeding; gene pyramiding against common bean diseases like ALS (Angular Leaf Spot), CBB (Common Bean Blight) and anthracnose and diversity assessment for diseases like CBB and ALS has been started using MAS (Marker Assisted Selection) in Southern Agricultural Research Institute at Hawassa. Therefore the aim of this article is to review common bean improvement status and to indicate some improvement gaps in Ethiopia.
{"title":"Common Bean Improvement Status ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) in Ethiopia","authors":"Demelash Bb","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000347","url":null,"abstract":"Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L; 2n=22) is the most important food legume rich in protein, minerals, and vitamins where its protein content is cheap and easily affordable for the famers of the country. The crop plays great role in maintaining the fertility of the soil through fixing atmospheric nitrogen and thus keeping diversity and stability of the agricultural system. Due to its importance, the total area allocated for common bean crop production and the yield obtained in Ethiopia is 357,299.89 ha and 540,238.94 tons respectively. The productivity of white and red common bean is 1.41 ton/ha and 1.59 ton/ha respectively in 2016 planting season. Since 1970s common bean improvement has been started in Ethiopia and since then more than 50 common bean varieties for different traits and for different agro ecologies were released through conventional breeding in Ethiopia. Currently, in common bean breeding; gene pyramiding against common bean diseases like ALS (Angular Leaf Spot), CBB (Common Bean Blight) and anthracnose and diversity assessment for diseases like CBB and ALS has been started using MAS (Marker Assisted Selection) in Southern Agricultural Research Institute at Hawassa. Therefore the aim of this article is to review common bean improvement status and to indicate some improvement gaps in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90307334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-26DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000348
E. Chalachew, M. Rebuma
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) has a good potential for ethanol production in Ethiopia. However, continual supply of feed stock to the distillery is one of the major constraints in sweet sorghum-based ethanol and grain yield productions. A study was carried out in Ethiopia during the 2015 to 2016 crop seasons to determine the performance of sweet sorghum genotypes for their stability or specific adaptability under contrasting fertilizer rates across environments. All agronomic characters were varied with the genotypes and environments. Grain yield, panicle weight and plant height were also significantly varied with fertilizations, but other agronomic characters were not varied with fertilizations. The ethanol yield and quality components varied with genotypes, environments and fertilizations, but brix % was not varied with fertilizations. The genotypes, E36-1, ICSR 93034 and IESV 92207 DL, produced greater estimated sugar, ethanol, juice and fresh stalk yield. The genotype, IESV 92207 DL, was the superior genotypes in grain yield and yield related traits, although it was second in brix % and ethanol yield followed by E36-1. At phenotypic and genotypic levels, grain yield was positive and significant correlations with panicle weight and panicle width. There was positive and significant (p<0.01) correlations between ethanol, juice, sugar and fresh stalk yields at both levels, this indicates the merits of these quality characters to improve ethanol yield.
{"title":"Productivity of Sweet Sorghum Genotypes under Contrasting Fertility Management for Food and Ethanol Production","authors":"E. Chalachew, M. Rebuma","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000348","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) has a good potential for ethanol production in Ethiopia. However, continual supply of feed stock to the distillery is one of the major constraints in sweet sorghum-based ethanol and grain yield productions. A study was carried out in Ethiopia during the 2015 to 2016 crop seasons to determine the performance of sweet sorghum genotypes for their stability or specific adaptability under contrasting fertilizer rates across environments. All agronomic characters were varied with the genotypes and environments. Grain yield, panicle weight and plant height were also significantly varied with fertilizations, but other agronomic characters were not varied with fertilizations. The ethanol yield and quality components varied with genotypes, environments and fertilizations, but brix % was not varied with fertilizations. The genotypes, E36-1, ICSR 93034 and IESV 92207 DL, produced greater estimated sugar, ethanol, juice and fresh stalk yield. The genotype, IESV 92207 DL, was the superior genotypes in grain yield and yield related traits, although it was second in brix % and ethanol yield followed by E36-1. At phenotypic and genotypic levels, grain yield was positive and significant correlations with panicle weight and panicle width. There was positive and significant (p<0.01) correlations between ethanol, juice, sugar and fresh stalk yields at both levels, this indicates the merits of these quality characters to improve ethanol yield.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74558718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-02DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000342
S. Yokamo, Endrais Oyka
Participatory pre extension demonstration works of three variety (BH-546, BH-547 and BH-661) were conducted in 2016 at two FTC and 11 beneficiary farmers field by the main objective of enhancing the adoption and diffusion of the technology, to collect feedback information from the farmers and to study cost benefit analysis. All data were collected from 100 m2 demonstration plots and the collected data were analyzed through Genstat Software, Simple descriptive statistics and matrix rankings. Farmers were evaluate the demonstration plots three times i.e., at sowing, knee height and maturity stages. Average yield performances that were obtained from farmers field were 49 Quintal/ hectare, 53 Quintal/hectare and 43.5 Quintal/hectare of BH-546, BH-547 and BH-661 respectively and Yield that obtained from FTCs were 54 Quintal/hectare, 55 Quintal/hectare and 48 Quintal/hectare of BH-546, BH-547 and BH-661 respectively. BH-547 variety shows better yield performance than other variety. The net benefit that were obtained from BH-546, BH-547 and BH-661 were 23,750 ETB, 24,280 ETB and 20,400 ETB respectively. Finally, the demonstration sites were visited by organized farmer’s field day and farmers select those varieties by different criteria and rank at first BH-547 by its ability to tolerate drought, earliness, resistance to pest and disease and resistance to lodging. Secondly they select as best BH-546 by criteria of good seed emergency rate, earliness, resistance to disease and pest and ability to tolerate drought. Finally it is better to scale up both BH-547 and BH-546 in larger scale to enhance adoption and diffusion of variety.
{"title":"Participatory Pre Extension Demonstration of Maize ( Zea Mays L.) Varieties with its Full Packages in South Ethiopia","authors":"S. Yokamo, Endrais Oyka","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000342","url":null,"abstract":"Participatory pre extension demonstration works of three variety (BH-546, BH-547 and BH-661) were conducted in 2016 at two FTC and 11 beneficiary farmers field by the main objective of enhancing the adoption and diffusion of the technology, to collect feedback information from the farmers and to study cost benefit analysis. All data were collected from 100 m2 demonstration plots and the collected data were analyzed through Genstat Software, Simple descriptive statistics and matrix rankings. Farmers were evaluate the demonstration plots three times i.e., at sowing, knee height and maturity stages. Average yield performances that were obtained from farmers field were 49 Quintal/ hectare, 53 Quintal/hectare and 43.5 Quintal/hectare of BH-546, BH-547 and BH-661 respectively and Yield that obtained from FTCs were 54 Quintal/hectare, 55 Quintal/hectare and 48 Quintal/hectare of BH-546, BH-547 and BH-661 respectively. BH-547 variety shows better yield performance than other variety. The net benefit that were obtained from BH-546, BH-547 and BH-661 were 23,750 ETB, 24,280 ETB and 20,400 ETB respectively. Finally, the demonstration sites were visited by organized farmer’s field day and farmers select those varieties by different criteria and rank at first BH-547 by its ability to tolerate drought, earliness, resistance to pest and disease and resistance to lodging. Secondly they select as best BH-546 by criteria of good seed emergency rate, earliness, resistance to disease and pest and ability to tolerate drought. Finally it is better to scale up both BH-547 and BH-546 in larger scale to enhance adoption and diffusion of variety.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88773569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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