Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000418
Birke Bahiru, H. Ashagre, Mihratu Amanuel
An offseason field experiment was conducted in 2015-2016 at Werer Agricultural Research Center Middle Awash, Afar regional state to determine N-uptake and use efficiency of irrigated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as influenced by seed and nitrogen fertilizer rates. The experiment was laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were factorial combination of five nitrogen levels (0, 23, 46, 69, and 92 kgNha-1) with four seed rates (75, 100, 125, and 150 kgha-1). The results of the study showed that both main and interaction effect of nitrogen and seed rates significantly affect N concentrations of the grain and straw, Nuptake, apparent nitrogen recovery, agronomic and physiological efficiencies, nitrogen use efficiency, grain protein content, and N harvest index. The apparent recovery, agronomic and physiological efficiencies and nitrogen use efficiencies decreased with increasing N-rate. Concentration of N and total nitrogen uptake in straw and grain, grain protein and NHI were increased as the N rate increased, while decreased with the increment of seed rate. In conclusion, rate of nitrogen fertilizer applied and seed rate affect the N-uptake and N-use efficiencies.
{"title":"Nitrogen Uptake and Use Efficiency of Irrigated Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as Influenced by Seed and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates at Werer, Afar National Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Birke Bahiru, H. Ashagre, Mihratu Amanuel","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000418","url":null,"abstract":"An offseason field experiment was conducted in 2015-2016 at Werer Agricultural Research Center Middle Awash, Afar regional state to determine N-uptake and use efficiency of irrigated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as influenced by seed and nitrogen fertilizer rates. The experiment was laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were factorial combination of five nitrogen levels (0, 23, 46, 69, and 92 kgNha-1) with four seed rates (75, 100, 125, and 150 kgha-1). The results of the study showed that both main and interaction effect of nitrogen and seed rates significantly affect N concentrations of the grain and straw, Nuptake, apparent nitrogen recovery, agronomic and physiological efficiencies, nitrogen use efficiency, grain protein content, and N harvest index. The apparent recovery, agronomic and physiological efficiencies and nitrogen use efficiencies decreased with increasing N-rate. Concentration of N and total nitrogen uptake in straw and grain, grain protein and NHI were increased as the N rate increased, while decreased with the increment of seed rate. In conclusion, rate of nitrogen fertilizer applied and seed rate affect the N-uptake and N-use efficiencies.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77163684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000420
M. Gessese
Coffee improvement program of Ethiopia was aimed to develop widely adaptable and stable cultivars across all coffee growing regions of the country although there is a significant ecological variation that prevails between the major coffee growing regions. Assessing the feedback from users on the performance of released coffee cultivars, the national coffee research program realized the need to initiate coffee improvement programs for each coffee growing region that possessed specific coffee quality and fetch premium price in the world market. In effect, coffee improvement program was initiated for Awada Agricultural Research Center mandated to improve South Ethiopian coffee with the financial aid of the Government of Switzerland. To date about 580 arabica coffee accessions have been collected and maintained in the center in separate sets of collection and are under evaluation. Fourty-two (set I) and sixteen (set II) selections are under variety trials, twelve selections are in variety verification trial, five hybrids are under variety verification trial and four high yielding cultivars that possessed the typical quality of Yirgachefe or Sidama coffee types were released to coffee growers in the region. In this paper, coffee improvement activities, such as collection and evaluation of germplasm, variety development activities and genetic studies are reviewed.
{"title":"Decade of South Ethiopian Coffee Improvement Activities at Awada Coffee Research Center","authors":"M. Gessese","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000420","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee improvement program of Ethiopia was aimed to develop widely adaptable and stable cultivars across all coffee growing regions of the country although there is a significant ecological variation that prevails between the major coffee growing regions. Assessing the feedback from users on the performance of released coffee cultivars, the national coffee research program realized the need to initiate coffee improvement programs for each coffee growing region that possessed specific coffee quality and fetch premium price in the world market. In effect, coffee improvement program was initiated for Awada Agricultural Research Center mandated to improve South Ethiopian coffee with the financial aid of the Government of Switzerland. To date about 580 arabica coffee accessions have been collected and maintained in the center in separate sets of collection and are under evaluation. Fourty-two (set I) and sixteen (set II) selections are under variety trials, twelve selections are in variety verification trial, five hybrids are under variety verification trial and four high yielding cultivars that possessed the typical quality of Yirgachefe or Sidama coffee types were released to coffee growers in the region. In this paper, coffee improvement activities, such as collection and evaluation of germplasm, variety development activities and genetic studies are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78534427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000421
Worknesh Terefe, A. Teklewold, K. Tesfaye
Characterization of available genetic diversity is a crucial step in effective crop improvement which provide basis for the analysis of combining ability and exploitation of heterosis of inbred lines in hybrid breeding. Characterization involves evaluation of quantitative and qualitative attributes of a given genotypes in order to differentiate their usefulness, structure, genetic variability and relationships among them. The objectives of this study were to characterize elite maize inbred lines adapted to highland agro-ecologies and classify groups of similar inbred lines by means of cluster and principal component analysis based on morpho-agronomic and SNP markers data. A total of twenty-three maize inbred lines of highland breeding department at Ambo Plant Protection Research Center formed the core plant materials in the current experiment for 23 morpho-agronomic traits and SNP markers characterization. The evaluated lines were sown in alpha lattice design 12 × 2. It was planted in two replications at each locations (Ambo and Holetta agricultural research centers). The inbred-lines were highly significantly different for all traits evaluated (p ≤ 0.01). The PCA indicated that the first nine principal components (PCs) with eigen value greater than unity accounted for 83% of the entire diversity among 23 inbred lines for all traits. Cluster analysis performed on the basis morpho-agronomic traits using unweighted paired group method arithmetic averages (UPGMA) grouped 23 tested lines in to five distinct classes and an outlier genotype whereas cluster analysis based on molecular resulted from distance matrix of genetic categorized the entries into four main groups. Five inbred lines (L5, L8, L18, L12 and L7) with comparatively high yielder and other phenotypic characters were selected using the morpho-agronomic traits and SNP based genotyping for cultivar development and germplasm utilization.
{"title":"Characterization of Selected Maize Inbred Lines Adapted to Highland Agro-Ecologies of Ethiopia Using Morphological and Molecular Genetic Distances","authors":"Worknesh Terefe, A. Teklewold, K. Tesfaye","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000421","url":null,"abstract":"Characterization of available genetic diversity is a crucial step in effective crop improvement which provide basis for the analysis of combining ability and exploitation of heterosis of inbred lines in hybrid breeding. Characterization involves evaluation of quantitative and qualitative attributes of a given genotypes in order to differentiate their usefulness, structure, genetic variability and relationships among them. The objectives of this study were to characterize elite maize inbred lines adapted to highland agro-ecologies and classify groups of similar inbred lines by means of cluster and principal component analysis based on morpho-agronomic and SNP markers data. A total of twenty-three maize inbred lines of highland breeding department at Ambo Plant Protection Research Center formed the core plant materials in the current experiment for 23 morpho-agronomic traits and SNP markers characterization. The evaluated lines were sown in alpha lattice design 12 × 2. It was planted in two replications at each locations (Ambo and Holetta agricultural research centers). The inbred-lines were highly significantly different for all traits evaluated (p ≤ 0.01). The PCA indicated that the first nine principal components (PCs) with eigen value greater than unity accounted for 83% of the entire diversity among 23 inbred lines for all traits. Cluster analysis performed on the basis morpho-agronomic traits using unweighted paired group method arithmetic averages (UPGMA) grouped 23 tested lines in to five distinct classes and an outlier genotype whereas cluster analysis based on molecular resulted from distance matrix of genetic categorized the entries into four main groups. Five inbred lines (L5, L8, L18, L12 and L7) with comparatively high yielder and other phenotypic characters were selected using the morpho-agronomic traits and SNP based genotyping for cultivar development and germplasm utilization.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72695981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000416
Y. Rezene, K. Tesfaye, C. Mukankusi, P. Gepts
Angular leaf spot (ALS) caused by Pseudocercospora griseola and common bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv phaseoli X. campestris pv. phaseoli var. fuscans are the most economically important diseases of common bean production in Ethiopia. This research aims at pyramiding the Phg-2 R gene for angular leaf spot resistance and two CBB major resistance quantitative trait loci (RQTLs) into the background of the most popular and susceptible common bean cultivar “REDWOLAITA” (RW) with the aid of marker-assisted breeding method. Marker-assisted Parallel Back Crossing (MAPBC) breeding scheme with three separate parallel backcrossing streams were adopted for tracking three independent resistance loci linked to g796 (Phg-2 for ALS resistance) and, SU91 and SAP6 genetic markers from two different donor parents to the REDWOLAITA recurrent parent. The two donor parental lines VAX6 (with known RQTLs tagged by the SAP6 and SU91 genetic markers on linkage groups 10 and 8, respectively) and MEX54 with the Phg-2 R gene tagged by the g796 genetic marker at the linkage group 8 were used in the gene pyramiding program. After the BC4 generation, progenies that combined SAP6 and g796 genetic markers were created and selected from the BC4 inter-crossing of progenies. Then, further inter-crossing was made between selected progenies that combined the SAP6 and g796 genetic markers with selected progenies with the SU91 genetic marker. Finally, from this study we developed Monogenic Near Isogenic Lines (MNILs) with R genes tagged by the SAP6, g796, and SU91 molecular markers and polygenic PNILs with different gene combination includes MNILSAP6, MNILSU91 & MNILg796, polygenetic PNILs SAP6/g796, PNILs SU91/g796, PNILs SAP6/SU, PNILs SAP6/g796/SAP6, with more than 97% genome recovered from the RW genetic background. Marker-assisted backcrossing facilitated selection of progenies that combined good agronomic traits with resistance loci were constructed from the RW common bean cultivar genetic background and tested under the screening house condition. The developed lines showed high level of disease resistance to the strains of CBB and ALS present under the screening conditions. They were selected to be multiplied and tested under multiple environment, before varietal release and wider production. Developed MNILs with good agronomic background will also be used as alternative donor parent for the future gene pyramiding program.
{"title":"Marker-Assisted Pyramiding Resistance Genes Against Angular Leaf Spot and Common Bacterial Blight Disease into Preferred Common Bean Cultivar \"REDWOLAITA\"","authors":"Y. Rezene, K. Tesfaye, C. Mukankusi, P. Gepts","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000416","url":null,"abstract":"Angular leaf spot (ALS) caused by Pseudocercospora griseola and common bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv phaseoli X. campestris pv. phaseoli var. fuscans are the most economically important diseases of common bean production in Ethiopia. This research aims at pyramiding the Phg-2 R gene for angular leaf spot resistance and two CBB major resistance quantitative trait loci (RQTLs) into the background of the most popular and susceptible common bean cultivar “REDWOLAITA” (RW) with the aid of marker-assisted breeding method. Marker-assisted Parallel Back Crossing (MAPBC) breeding scheme with three separate parallel backcrossing streams were adopted for tracking three independent resistance loci linked to g796 (Phg-2 for ALS resistance) and, SU91 and SAP6 genetic markers from two different donor parents to the REDWOLAITA recurrent parent. The two donor parental lines VAX6 (with known RQTLs tagged by the SAP6 and SU91 genetic markers on linkage groups 10 and 8, respectively) and MEX54 with the Phg-2 R gene tagged by the g796 genetic marker at the linkage group 8 were used in the gene pyramiding program. After the BC4 generation, progenies that combined SAP6 and g796 genetic markers were created and selected from the BC4 inter-crossing of progenies. Then, further inter-crossing was made between selected progenies that combined the SAP6 and g796 genetic markers with selected progenies with the SU91 genetic marker. Finally, from this study we developed Monogenic Near Isogenic Lines (MNILs) with R genes tagged by the SAP6, g796, and SU91 molecular markers and polygenic PNILs with different gene combination includes MNILSAP6, MNILSU91 & MNILg796, polygenetic PNILs SAP6/g796, PNILs SU91/g796, PNILs SAP6/SU, PNILs SAP6/g796/SAP6, with more than 97% genome recovered from the RW genetic background. Marker-assisted backcrossing facilitated selection of progenies that combined good agronomic traits with resistance loci were constructed from the RW common bean cultivar genetic background and tested under the screening house condition. The developed lines showed high level of disease resistance to the strains of CBB and ALS present under the screening conditions. They were selected to be multiplied and tested under multiple environment, before varietal release and wider production. Developed MNILs with good agronomic background will also be used as alternative donor parent for the future gene pyramiding program.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77678278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000417
Temesgen Kebede Dubale, Worku Mengesha Estifo
{"title":"Effect of Industrial Crops Production in the Emerging Dynamic Needs of Natural Resources Utilization on Farmers' Perception and Adaptation of Agricultural Development Projects (In Case of Wolkait Sugar Development Project), North Western, Ethiopia","authors":"Temesgen Kebede Dubale, Worku Mengesha Estifo","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000417","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87576812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000414
Waqar Ali, Mukhtiar Ali, J. Iqbal, M. Khalil, Z. Ahmad
{"title":"Impact of Zinc and Organic Manure on Wheat Productivity and Soil Fertility","authors":"Waqar Ali, Mukhtiar Ali, J. Iqbal, M. Khalil, Z. Ahmad","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000414","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74888017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000415
C. J. Meyer, J. Norsworthy, G. Kruger
{"title":"Herbicide Interactions between Glufosinate and Three Fomesafen-Containing Herbicide Products as Affected by Weed Size and Spray Droplet Size","authors":"C. J. Meyer, J. Norsworthy, G. Kruger","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000415","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86152140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000410
Tadiyos Bayisa, E. Habte, Mihratu Amanuel
Information on the extent and performance of genotypes present in a crop species under high temperature stress are essential for effective crop adaptation program. To generate such information 36 bread wheat genotypes with three released varieties (Fentalle, Amibara and Werer-2) were tested in Triple Lattice Design with three replication at Werer agricultural research center, Afar in 2017. The objective of the study were to develop best performed bread wheat genotypes that adapted to middle Awash area and to identify best performed bread wheat genotypes for yield under high temperature stress condition. The data generated from the experiment were subjected to analysis of variance. The analysis of variances of bread wheat genotypes evaluated for 15 traits revealed highly significant difference between the genotypes for most traits and significant difference among genotypes for days to emergence. It was interesting to note that genotypes identified for short grain filling period and early maturing were G-4, G-18, G-3, G-26 and G-15 with maturity days of 70, 76, 77, 77 and 79 days after sowing respectively, than the released check variety Werer-2 (84 days). Similarly genotypes G-16, G-22, G-28, G-32 and G-34 had better required low canopy temperature reading than released check varieties Fentalle, Amibara and Werer-2. The most important genotypes for showing excellent performance on grain yield per hectare obtained from G-2, G-7 and G-21 with grain yield of 2479 kh/ha, 3039 kg/ha and 2409 kg/ha respectively, than the best performed released check variety Werer-2 (2362 kilo gram per hectare). Hence, from the current results it has been observed adequate existence of traits showing adaptability in the studied genotypes and this could be exploited in future bread wheat selection and breeding for high temperature stress condition.
{"title":"Evaluation of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes for Yield Potential and Related Traits Under High Temperature Stress Condition at Middle Awash, Ethiopia","authors":"Tadiyos Bayisa, E. Habte, Mihratu Amanuel","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000410","url":null,"abstract":"Information on the extent and performance of genotypes present in a crop species under high temperature stress are essential for effective crop adaptation program. To generate such information 36 bread wheat genotypes with three released varieties (Fentalle, Amibara and Werer-2) were tested in Triple Lattice Design with three replication at Werer agricultural research center, Afar in 2017. The objective of the study were to develop best performed bread wheat genotypes that adapted to middle Awash area and to identify best performed bread wheat genotypes for yield under high temperature stress condition. The data generated from the experiment were subjected to analysis of variance. The analysis of variances of bread wheat genotypes evaluated for 15 traits revealed highly significant difference between the genotypes for most traits and significant difference among genotypes for days to emergence. It was interesting to note that genotypes identified for short grain filling period and early maturing were G-4, G-18, G-3, G-26 and G-15 with maturity days of 70, 76, 77, 77 and 79 days after sowing respectively, than the released check variety Werer-2 (84 days). Similarly genotypes G-16, G-22, G-28, G-32 and G-34 had better required low canopy temperature reading than released check varieties Fentalle, Amibara and Werer-2. The most important genotypes for showing excellent performance on grain yield per hectare obtained from G-2, G-7 and G-21 with grain yield of 2479 kh/ha, 3039 kg/ha and 2409 kg/ha respectively, than the best performed released check variety Werer-2 (2362 kilo gram per hectare). Hence, from the current results it has been observed adequate existence of traits showing adaptability in the studied genotypes and this could be exploited in future bread wheat selection and breeding for high temperature stress condition.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78891029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000411
Temesgen Kebede Dubale
Soil fertility studies and crop improvement have brought remarkable change in crop production particularly in teff in Ethiopia. Differences in soil status affect productivities of various cultivars in which their nutritional demand is different and increasing. This elucidates that fertilizer rate studies are dynamic and increasing time to time across crop cultivars. Fertilizer rate recommendations need to be specific soil and tissue test based and should be done repeatedly for any cultivar to maximize the inherent potential yield of the crop. Field experiment was laid out to test teff cultivars to a soil and tissue test based NP fertilizer applications. Soil samples were collected and subjected to a soil test in respective methods employed to determine the physicochemical property of a soil. High available P, medium organic carbon content moderately low total N content and pH of 7.57 were obtained from the experimental site. Plant tissue samples were collected from a 2 × 2 m2 plot and subjected to analysis to determine tissue nitrogen and phosphorus contents. N application significantly increased the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in shoot tissue and grain yield. However, application of P at different rates did not significantly affected any of the parameters. This might be due to unavailability of P for the plant due to fixation and hence examination must continue to identify real causes.
{"title":"Soil Test and Tissue Analysis Based Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Applications on Teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] Cultivars in North Shewa Central Highlands, Ethiopia","authors":"Temesgen Kebede Dubale","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000411","url":null,"abstract":"Soil fertility studies and crop improvement have brought remarkable change in crop production particularly in teff in Ethiopia. Differences in soil status affect productivities of various cultivars in which their nutritional demand is different and increasing. This elucidates that fertilizer rate studies are dynamic and increasing time to time across crop cultivars. Fertilizer rate recommendations need to be specific soil and tissue test based and should be done repeatedly for any cultivar to maximize the inherent potential yield of the crop. Field experiment was laid out to test teff cultivars to a soil and tissue test based NP fertilizer applications. Soil samples were collected and subjected to a soil test in respective methods employed to determine the physicochemical property of a soil. High available P, medium organic carbon content moderately low total N content and pH of 7.57 were obtained from the experimental site. Plant tissue samples were collected from a 2 × 2 m2 plot and subjected to analysis to determine tissue nitrogen and phosphorus contents. N application significantly increased the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in shoot tissue and grain yield. However, application of P at different rates did not significantly affected any of the parameters. This might be due to unavailability of P for the plant due to fixation and hence examination must continue to identify real causes.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77579925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000419
Mihiret Mekonnen, Ano Wariyo, Guddisa Hilu
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a common household aromatic and medicinal plant belonging to the Labiatae family and sage (Salvia officinalis) Lamiaceae family is aromatic, rather woody perennial low shrub. This study aimed some antifungal effects of plant essential oils were investigated against fungal disease agent Fusarium oxysporum on mycilial growth inhibition in vitro and disease development reserve in vivo conditions. The tissue pieces were aseptically transferred to petridishes containing a potato dextrose agar medium supplemented with streptomycin sulfate at the rate of three to five pieces per plate. Fusarium oxysporum was grown for 7-10 days on PDA at 27°C. The concentrations were tested at 20, 40, 60 and 80 μl. The same quantity of PDA Fusarium oxysporum also established in control. F. oxysporum was cut with a sterile cork borer from the edge of actively growing cultures on PDA plates. At 20 μl, 40 μl, 60 μl and 80 μl concentration, lemon grass (100%) growth inhibition was confirmed against Fusarium wilt followed by spearmint (85.00%) and minimum inhibition recorded 25.00% at Eucalyptus. As conclusion lemon grass and spear mint essential oils demonstrated the maximum antagonistic effect against the Fusarium wilt, whereas Eucalyptus inhibit the list amount of growth pathogen.
{"title":"Antifungal Activities of Some Essential Oils Against Fusarium oxysporum of Rosemary and Sage Plants","authors":"Mihiret Mekonnen, Ano Wariyo, Guddisa Hilu","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000419","url":null,"abstract":"Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a common household aromatic and medicinal plant belonging to the Labiatae family and sage (Salvia officinalis) Lamiaceae family is aromatic, rather woody perennial low shrub. This study aimed some antifungal effects of plant essential oils were investigated against fungal disease agent Fusarium oxysporum on mycilial growth inhibition in vitro and disease development reserve in vivo conditions. The tissue pieces were aseptically transferred to petridishes containing a potato dextrose agar medium supplemented with streptomycin sulfate at the rate of three to five pieces per plate. Fusarium oxysporum was grown for 7-10 days on PDA at 27°C. The concentrations were tested at 20, 40, 60 and 80 μl. The same quantity of PDA Fusarium oxysporum also established in control. F. oxysporum was cut with a sterile cork borer from the edge of actively growing cultures on PDA plates. At 20 μl, 40 μl, 60 μl and 80 μl concentration, lemon grass (100%) growth inhibition was confirmed against Fusarium wilt followed by spearmint (85.00%) and minimum inhibition recorded 25.00% at Eucalyptus. As conclusion lemon grass and spear mint essential oils demonstrated the maximum antagonistic effect against the Fusarium wilt, whereas Eucalyptus inhibit the list amount of growth pathogen.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81630728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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