Pub Date : 2017-11-30DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000323
Dessalegn Tamene, Bekele Anbessa, Tigist Adisu
Soil acidity is one of the major soil chemical constraints which limit agricultural productivity in the mid and highlands of Ethiopia. Especially in the western part of the country such as Assosa and Wellega, soil acidity is a well-known problem limiting crop productivity. The study was conducted to evaluate the influence of lime and Phosphorus fertilizer on yield and yield attributes of soybean in acid soil at Assosa north western Ethiopia during June 2012 to March of 2015. The crop was evaluated in terms of pod per plant, seed per pod, grain yield, hundred seed weight and straw yield. But it had neither interaction with lime and Phosphorus fertilizer nor its effect on yield attribute was significant. Even though lime level at 1.5* Exchangeable acidity (5.652 tone) and phosphorus at 46% shows good yield and had consistency across the year, hence it was best to use such combination of Lime and P. Maintaining soil fertility is possible for the area because simultaneous and minimum use of lime and Phosphorus fertilizer give similar seed yield with maximum use of lime and Phosphorus on the study area though much better than the control. Phosphorus fixation, which is responsible for low availability of P, is one of the major problems of crop growth in acidic soils such Nitisols of Assosa area.
{"title":"Influence of Lime and Phosphorus Fertilizer on the Acid Properties of Soils and Soybean ( Glycine max L.) Crops Grown in Benshangul-Gumuze Regional State Assosa Area","authors":"Dessalegn Tamene, Bekele Anbessa, Tigist Adisu","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000323","url":null,"abstract":"Soil acidity is one of the major soil chemical constraints which limit agricultural productivity in the mid and highlands of Ethiopia. Especially in the western part of the country such as Assosa and Wellega, soil acidity is a well-known problem limiting crop productivity. The study was conducted to evaluate the influence of lime and Phosphorus fertilizer on yield and yield attributes of soybean in acid soil at Assosa north western Ethiopia during June 2012 to March of 2015. The crop was evaluated in terms of pod per plant, seed per pod, grain yield, hundred seed weight and straw yield. But it had neither interaction with lime and Phosphorus fertilizer nor its effect on yield attribute was significant. Even though lime level at 1.5* Exchangeable acidity (5.652 tone) and phosphorus at 46% shows good yield and had consistency across the year, hence it was best to use such combination of Lime and P. Maintaining soil fertility is possible for the area because simultaneous and minimum use of lime and Phosphorus fertilizer give similar seed yield with maximum use of lime and Phosphorus on the study area though much better than the control. Phosphorus fixation, which is responsible for low availability of P, is one of the major problems of crop growth in acidic soils such Nitisols of Assosa area.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80356367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-30DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000322
Tadele Shiberu, E. Getu
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a very destructive insect pest with a strong preference for tomato plants. It originates from South America where it has been considered a key pest since the 1980s. It can also attack the aerial parts of tomato, potato, tobacco and some solanaceous weeds. Based on the leaf and fruit-infestation data, four genotypes of tomato (Coshoro, Roman-VF, Galila and Local var.), showed susceptible responses; four genotypes of potato (Jalane, Menagesha, Tolcha and Local var.) showed a tolerant trend and four pepper genotypes (M. Awaze, M. Fana, M. Zala and Local var.), with non-infestation and high resistant, were resulted during 2015-2017. Significant differences were observed, among the genotypes, regarding to the oviposition, in number of eggs/plant. Tomato, showed a maximum oviposition of 62.38%/plant on upper leaf followed by lower leaf 35.72%/plant; while minimum oviposition was recorded to be on flower 0.37% and stem 0.53% per plant, respectively. In contrast, on potato genotypes the maximum ovipostion was recorded on lower leaf as an average 79.63%/plant and 15.11% was recorded on upper leaf; while minimum oviposition were recorded on stem of potato genotypes as an average 1.93%/plant and on all pepper genotype no oviposition was recorded in both years. Variations were found to be significant among dates of observation, regarding to the larval-population and infestation-percentage of the leaf and fruits, during both the study years. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences among each crop varieties. Hence, these present findings are suggest that T. absoluta oviposition behavior is dependent on the host plant preferences among major solanaceae crops and not on varieties of each crop.
{"title":"Determination of Oviposition Preference and Infestation Level of Tuta absoluta on Major Solanaceae Crops Under Glasshouse Conditions in Ethiopia","authors":"Tadele Shiberu, E. Getu","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000322","url":null,"abstract":"Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a very destructive insect pest with a strong preference for tomato plants. It originates from South America where it has been considered a key pest since the 1980s. It can also attack the aerial parts of tomato, potato, tobacco and some solanaceous weeds. Based on the leaf and fruit-infestation data, four genotypes of tomato (Coshoro, Roman-VF, Galila and Local var.), showed susceptible responses; four genotypes of potato (Jalane, Menagesha, Tolcha and Local var.) showed a tolerant trend and four pepper genotypes (M. Awaze, M. Fana, M. Zala and Local var.), with non-infestation and high resistant, were resulted during 2015-2017. Significant differences were observed, among the genotypes, regarding to the oviposition, in number of eggs/plant. Tomato, showed a maximum oviposition of 62.38%/plant on upper leaf followed by lower leaf 35.72%/plant; while minimum oviposition was recorded to be on flower 0.37% and stem 0.53% per plant, respectively. In contrast, on potato genotypes the maximum ovipostion was recorded on lower leaf as an average 79.63%/plant and 15.11% was recorded on upper leaf; while minimum oviposition were recorded on stem of potato genotypes as an average 1.93%/plant and on all pepper genotype no oviposition was recorded in both years. Variations were found to be significant among dates of observation, regarding to the larval-population and infestation-percentage of the leaf and fruits, during both the study years. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences among each crop varieties. Hence, these present findings are suggest that T. absoluta oviposition behavior is dependent on the host plant preferences among major solanaceae crops and not on varieties of each crop.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84141214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-17DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000321
Ruban Thaya
Sri Lanka has been enriched with Traditional Knowledge (TK) on Medicines and Agriculture. After the arrival of western culture, traditional faiths and knowledge are gradually started eroding, because of which farmers now face lots of problems such as difficulty in accessing agriculture, unbearably high treatment costs etc. This paper is going to be remember and document our Inheritance patterns using in agriculture and food safety at Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. It is a qualitative research based on secondary data analysis. Primarily, it is intended to document the faiths and knowledge because existing researches of the country does not provide adequate protection for TK. While this study does not trial the efficacy of these methods, it provides an indication of what methods are being used and therefore a starting point for further researches in Sri Lanka. The findings were classified into Spiritual Faith and Traditional Knowledge included traditional compost, pest control and food preservation methods which are used in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka.
{"title":"Using Traditional Faiths and Knowledge are Secret of Science and Technology by the Tamil Communities in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka","authors":"Ruban Thaya","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000321","url":null,"abstract":"Sri Lanka has been enriched with Traditional Knowledge (TK) on Medicines and Agriculture. After the arrival of western culture, traditional faiths and knowledge are gradually started eroding, because of which farmers now face lots of problems such as difficulty in accessing agriculture, unbearably high treatment costs etc. This paper is going to be remember and document our Inheritance patterns using in agriculture and food safety at Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. It is a qualitative research based on secondary data analysis. Primarily, it is intended to document the faiths and knowledge because existing researches of the country does not provide adequate protection for TK. While this study does not trial the efficacy of these methods, it provides an indication of what methods are being used and therefore a starting point for further researches in Sri Lanka. The findings were classified into Spiritual Faith and Traditional Knowledge included traditional compost, pest control and food preservation methods which are used in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89138603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to evaluate the performance of improved maize genotypes, an experiment was conducted at Medebay zana and Laelay Adiabo district of North western of Tigray, Ethiopia, during 2014 and 2015 main cropping season. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The data were recorded on plant height, ear height, number of ears/plot, plant and ear height, days to 50% anthesis, silking, maturity, grain yield and 1000 grain weight. All varieties showed significant differences with each other for all the traits studied in most environments but incase of genotype by environment combined data revealed most of the traits gave nonsignificant result and indicated better to focus and recommend on the stable genotypes across the environments. Variety Gibe-2 and Gibe-1 had the top two highest grain yield of 5114.15 kg ha-1 and 4964.96 kg ha-1. Melkasa-6 was the early maturing variety as compared with standard checks of melkasa-2 and the remained varieties. The highest plant height and ear placement of 237.28, 120.80, respectively cm was noted in variety Gibe-1. This variety may be susceptible to lodging. These varieties had a wide genetic background, thus showing grain yield ranges from 1748 to 5114 kg ha-1. So, generally maize variety of Gibe-1 and Gibe-2 were found most promising, which has the potential to increase the average yield of maize in Medebay zana and Laelay Adiabo districts and is therefore recommended to demonstrate for general cultivation in both districts.
为了评价改良玉米基因型的性能，于2014年和2015年主种植季在埃塞俄比亚提格雷西北部的Medebay zana和Laelay Adiabo区进行了试验。试验采用完全随机区组设计，设3个重复。记录株高、穗高、穗数/畦、株高和穗高、开花至50%的天数、出丝、成熟度、籽粒产量和千粒重。在大多数环境下，各品种间的所有性状均存在显著差异，但在基因型的环境组合方面，大多数性状的结果不显著，建议在不同环境下重点推荐稳定的基因型。品种Gibe-2和Gibe-1产量最高，分别为5114.15 kg ha-1和4964.96 kg ha-1。与梅尔卡萨2号和其余品种的标准对照比较，梅尔卡萨6号为早熟品种。品种Gibe-1株高和穗位最高，分别为237.28 cm和120.80 cm。这个品种可能容易倒伏。这些品种具有广泛的遗传背景，因此籽粒产量在1748 ~ 5114 kg hm -1之间。因此，总体而言，Gibe-1和Gibe-2玉米品种最有潜力，有可能提高Medebay zana和Laelay Adiabo地区的玉米平均产量，因此建议在这两个地区进行普遍种植示范。
{"title":"Evaluating Adaptability and Yield Performance of Open Pollinated Maize Varieties in North Western Tigray","authors":"Hailegebrial Kinfe, Yiergalem Tsehaye, Alem Redda, Redae Welegebriel, Desalegn Yalew, Welegerima Gebrelibanos, Kifle Gebre egziabher, Husien Seid","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000316","url":null,"abstract":"In order to evaluate the performance of improved maize genotypes, an experiment was conducted at Medebay zana and Laelay Adiabo district of North western of Tigray, Ethiopia, during 2014 and 2015 main cropping season. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The data were recorded on plant height, ear height, number of ears/plot, plant and ear height, days to 50% anthesis, silking, maturity, grain yield and 1000 grain weight. All varieties showed significant differences with each other for all the traits studied in most environments but incase of genotype by environment combined data revealed most of the traits gave nonsignificant result and indicated better to focus and recommend on the stable genotypes across the environments. Variety Gibe-2 and Gibe-1 had the top two highest grain yield of 5114.15 kg ha-1 and 4964.96 kg ha-1. Melkasa-6 was the early maturing variety as compared with standard checks of melkasa-2 and the remained varieties. The highest plant height and ear placement of 237.28, 120.80, respectively cm was noted in variety Gibe-1. This variety may be susceptible to lodging. These varieties had a wide genetic background, thus showing grain yield ranges from 1748 to 5114 kg ha-1. So, generally maize variety of Gibe-1 and Gibe-2 were found most promising, which has the potential to increase the average yield of maize in Medebay zana and Laelay Adiabo districts and is therefore recommended to demonstrate for general cultivation in both districts.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89355829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-27DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000315
Takele Zike, T. Abera, I. Hamza
Identification of appropriate varieties and rates of phosphorus fertilizer for different sites are important agronomic practices to increase the productivity of lentil. A field experiment was conducted during the 2016 main cropping season to evaluate the performance of lentil varieties and their response to phosphorus application on vertisols of Ambo. Four Lentil varieties (Gudo, Alemtena, Teshale and EL-142) with four rates of phosphorus (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) were combined factorialy in randomized complete block design with three replications. Varieties were significantly varied in days to 50% flowering and 95% maturity, number of nodules, plant height and biological yields. Application of phosphorus rate was significantly affected days to emergency, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of nodule per plant, nodule dry weight, nodule volume, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, thousand-seed weight, plant height, grain yield, biological yields and harvest index of lentil varieties. Significant interaction effects of varieties and Phosphorus rate was observed with respect to 50% flowering, biological yields, number of nodules per plant and plant height of lentil varieties. All varieties showed better performance on various growth and phenological characters in response to phosphorus application. Application of 20 kg P ha-1 was gave better yield and yield components of lentil. The highest net benefit of 72240 EB ha-1 with marginal rate of return of 1177% was obtained from application of 20 kg P ha-1, which was followed by 62706 and 55188 EB ha-1, and marginal rate of return 1445 and 243 % with application of 10 and 30 kg P ha-1, respectively. Therefore, application of 20 kg P ha-1 is recommended to sustain lentil production in vertisols of Ambo areas in central highlands of Ethiopia.
{"title":"Response of Improved Lentil ( Lens Culinaris Medik ) Varieties to Phosphorus Nutrition on Vertisols of West Showa, Central Highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"Takele Zike, T. Abera, I. Hamza","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000315","url":null,"abstract":"Identification of appropriate varieties and rates of phosphorus fertilizer for different sites are important agronomic practices to increase the productivity of lentil. A field experiment was conducted during the 2016 main cropping season to evaluate the performance of lentil varieties and their response to phosphorus application on vertisols of Ambo. Four Lentil varieties (Gudo, Alemtena, Teshale and EL-142) with four rates of phosphorus (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) were combined factorialy in randomized complete block design with three replications. Varieties were significantly varied in days to 50% flowering and 95% maturity, number of nodules, plant height and biological yields. Application of phosphorus rate was significantly affected days to emergency, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of nodule per plant, nodule dry weight, nodule volume, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, thousand-seed weight, plant height, grain yield, biological yields and harvest index of lentil varieties. Significant interaction effects of varieties and Phosphorus rate was observed with respect to 50% flowering, biological yields, number of nodules per plant and plant height of lentil varieties. All varieties showed better performance on various growth and phenological characters in response to phosphorus application. Application of 20 kg P ha-1 was gave better yield and yield components of lentil. The highest net benefit of 72240 EB ha-1 with marginal rate of return of 1177% was obtained from application of 20 kg P ha-1, which was followed by 62706 and 55188 EB ha-1, and marginal rate of return 1445 and 243 % with application of 10 and 30 kg P ha-1, respectively. Therefore, application of 20 kg P ha-1 is recommended to sustain lentil production in vertisols of Ambo areas in central highlands of Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84107552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-19DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000314
Yehizbalem Azmeraw, T. Hussien
Common bean rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) is an important disease affecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in the world. In Ethiopia, this is the most destructive disease constraining common bean production. Field experiments were carried out at Hirna Research Sub-Station of Haramaya University in the 2010 main cropping season to elucidate reaction of released common bean varieties to rust infection and to study the effect of integrated use of host resistance and fungicide foliar sprays on incidence of the disease and its control. For the evaluation of common bean varieties to rust disease the experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications and 15 varieties and the experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications for the management part. In the fungicide spray, three contact (i.e., Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb and Copper hydroxide) and one systemic (Triadimefon) fungicides were tested on a susceptible (Mexican-142) and a moderately resistant (Awash-1) varieties. The research results obtained indicated that the evaluated common bean varieties varied significantly in severity, area under disease progress curve, disease progress rate and grain yield. Three reaction groups of common bean varieties were identified, viz. susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant. The resistant varieties produced the highest grain yield. At Hirna the varieties, Kufanzik, Haramaya, Melkadima, Gofta, Chore and Awash Melka were found to be resistant to the disease. These varieties were also high yielders. However, in case seeds of resistant varieties are inadequate to cover the major growing areas, farmers can use the moderately resistant varieties with fungicide sprays wherever the disease is a pervasive and pressing problem. In the management study, lower rust incidence, severity, area under progress curve and slower disease progress rate occurred on the moderately resistant variety sprayed with Triadimefon than on the susceptible variety with Triadimefon and/or with other fungicides (Mancozeb, Copper hydroxide and Chlorothalonil). The integrated use of moderately resistant variety (Awash-1) with Triadimefon proved to be the best management option producing the highest (2306.25 kg ha-1) grain yield. Triadimefon foliar spray reduced relative grain yield loss by 10.84% on the moderately resistant variety Awash-1 compared to the susceptible variety Mexican-142. In conclusion, integrated use of Awash-1 with Triadimefon spray was found to be the most effective bean rust management option.
摘要豆锈病(Uromyces appendiculatus)是世界上影响豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)生产的重要病害。在埃塞俄比亚，这是限制普通豆生产的最具破坏性的疾病。2010年主要种植季，在原谷大学Hirna研究分站进行了田间试验，研究了放生的普通豆品种对锈病的反应，以及抗寄主和杀真菌剂叶面喷施对病害发生及防治的影响。试验采用3个重复、15个品种的随机完全区组设计，管理部分采用3个重复、随机完全区组设计。在杀菌剂喷雾中，对敏感品种(Mexican-142)和中等抗性品种(Awash-1)进行了三种接触型(即百菌清、代森锰锌和氢氧化铜)和一种系统型(Triadimefon)杀菌剂的试验。研究结果表明，评价的普通豆品种在病害严重程度、病害进展曲线面积、病害进展率和籽粒产量等方面存在显著差异。鉴定了普通豆品种的3个反应组，即敏感组、中等抗性组和抗性组。抗病品种的粮食产量最高。在Hirna，发现Kufanzik、Haramaya、Melkadima、Gofta、Chore和Awash Melka等品种对该病具有抗性。这些品种也是高产品种。然而，如果抗病品种的种子不足以覆盖主要种植区，农民可以在疾病普遍和紧迫的地方使用具有杀菌剂喷洒的中等抗性品种。在管理研究中，与施用三唑美酮和/或其他杀菌剂(代森锰锌、氢氧化铜和百菌清)的敏感品种相比，施用三唑美酮的中抗性品种的锈病发病率、严重程度、进展曲线下面积较低，疾病进展速度较慢。中等抗性品种Awash-1与Triadimefon综合使用是产量最高(2306.25 kg hm -1)的最佳管理选择。与易感品种墨西哥-142相比，中度抗性品种Awash-1的叶面喷施可使籽粒相对产量损失降低10.84%。综上所述，Awash-1与Triadimefon喷雾综合使用是最有效的豆锈病防治方案。
{"title":"Management of Common Bean Rust ( Uromyces appendiculatus ) through Host Resistance and Fungicide Sprays in Hirna District, Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Yehizbalem Azmeraw, T. Hussien","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000314","url":null,"abstract":"Common bean rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) is an important disease affecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in the world. In Ethiopia, this is the most destructive disease constraining common bean production. Field experiments were carried out at Hirna Research Sub-Station of Haramaya University in the 2010 main cropping season to elucidate reaction of released common bean varieties to rust infection and to study the effect of integrated use of host resistance and fungicide foliar sprays on incidence of the disease and its control. For the evaluation of common bean varieties to rust disease the experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications and 15 varieties and the experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications for the management part. In the fungicide spray, three contact (i.e., Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb and Copper hydroxide) and one systemic (Triadimefon) fungicides were tested on a susceptible (Mexican-142) and a moderately resistant (Awash-1) varieties. The research results obtained indicated that the evaluated common bean varieties varied significantly in severity, area under disease progress curve, disease progress rate and grain yield. Three reaction groups of common bean varieties were identified, viz. susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant. The resistant varieties produced the highest grain yield. At Hirna the varieties, Kufanzik, Haramaya, Melkadima, Gofta, Chore and Awash Melka were found to be resistant to the disease. These varieties were also high yielders. However, in case seeds of resistant varieties are inadequate to cover the major growing areas, farmers can use the moderately resistant varieties with fungicide sprays wherever the disease is a pervasive and pressing problem. In the management study, lower rust incidence, severity, area under progress curve and slower disease progress rate occurred on the moderately resistant variety sprayed with Triadimefon than on the susceptible variety with Triadimefon and/or with other fungicides (Mancozeb, Copper hydroxide and Chlorothalonil). The integrated use of moderately resistant variety (Awash-1) with Triadimefon proved to be the best management option producing the highest (2306.25 kg ha-1) grain yield. Triadimefon foliar spray reduced relative grain yield loss by 10.84% on the moderately resistant variety Awash-1 compared to the susceptible variety Mexican-142. In conclusion, integrated use of Awash-1 with Triadimefon spray was found to be the most effective bean rust management option.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81486694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-21DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000308
P. Swami, Shamindra Saxena, Surendar Kumar Godara
The present study was done to understand the influence of microclimatic factors on the growth stages of sesame in the rain fed regions, of north-western arid region of district Bikaner (Rajasthan) India. The present study includes the following parameters: 1. Air temperature in °C, relative humidity in percentage and vapour pressure in mm of mercury at the ground surface and at different heights (5 cm, 15 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm and 100 cm). 2. Soil temperature in °C at ground surface and at different depths (5 cm, 15 cm and 30 cm). 3. Net radiations in g.cal/cm2/minute. These agro-climatic parameters have been recorded on various stages viz. vegetative growth stages, flowering stage, (i.e., at 50% flowering) and capsule stage (i.e., at 50% capsule formation) by visual rating at different times of that day (i.e., 8.00, 14.00 and 18.00 hours in the kharif season of year 2014, 2015 and 2016 The research site was located in crop field of sesame at village Ridmalsar lying 20 km in North-East to the city Bikaner, Rajasthan, India and the investigation was carried out in randomized block design with six replications. Each replication was separated with a path of 1.0 m. and each sub-plot was separated by 50 cm path. The sesame variety studied was RT46 as this variety was introduced in last few years and was famous between local farmers for it drought resistant property, early maturity and high disease resistant quality. To study the influence of these parameters the climatic history of last ten year and also the water budget was analyzed. The meteorological data’s were collected from KVK and the regional center of CAZRI (Central Arid Zone Research Institute Beechwal), Bikaner (Rajasthan). It can be concluded from present study that air temperature in profile, relative humidity distribution and also vapour pressure in the microclimatic zone (sesame agro-ecosystem) of the atmosphere varies with changes in the time of day (morning, noon and afternoon), change in height of profile (5, 15, 30, 60 and 100 cm ) and stages of crop. The net radiation values also show increase from morning to noon in all the different stages of growth.
{"title":"Impact of Microclimatic Factors on the Growth Stages of Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L) Agro-Ecosystem for Betterment of Arid Zone Farming in the North-Western Arid Region of Rajasthan","authors":"P. Swami, Shamindra Saxena, Surendar Kumar Godara","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000308","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was done to understand the influence of microclimatic factors on the growth stages of sesame in the rain fed regions, of north-western arid region of district Bikaner (Rajasthan) India. The present study includes the following parameters: 1. Air temperature in °C, relative humidity in percentage and vapour pressure in mm of mercury at the ground surface and at different heights (5 cm, 15 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm and 100 cm). 2. Soil temperature in °C at ground surface and at different depths (5 cm, 15 cm and 30 cm). 3. Net radiations in g.cal/cm2/minute. These agro-climatic parameters have been recorded on various stages viz. vegetative growth stages, flowering stage, (i.e., at 50% flowering) and capsule stage (i.e., at 50% capsule formation) by visual rating at different times of that day (i.e., 8.00, 14.00 and 18.00 hours in the kharif season of year 2014, 2015 and 2016 The research site was located in crop field of sesame at village Ridmalsar lying 20 km in North-East to the city Bikaner, Rajasthan, India and the investigation was carried out in randomized block design with six replications. Each replication was separated with a path of 1.0 m. and each sub-plot was separated by 50 cm path. The sesame variety studied was RT46 as this variety was introduced in last few years and was famous between local farmers for it drought resistant property, early maturity and high disease resistant quality. To study the influence of these parameters the climatic history of last ten year and also the water budget was analyzed. The meteorological data’s were collected from KVK and the regional center of CAZRI (Central Arid Zone Research Institute Beechwal), Bikaner (Rajasthan). It can be concluded from present study that air temperature in profile, relative humidity distribution and also vapour pressure in the microclimatic zone (sesame agro-ecosystem) of the atmosphere varies with changes in the time of day (morning, noon and afternoon), change in height of profile (5, 15, 30, 60 and 100 cm ) and stages of crop. The net radiation values also show increase from morning to noon in all the different stages of growth.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85249306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-05DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000307
Gizachew Atinafu, H. Mohammed
One hundred twenty germplasm collections of arabica coffee and four standard checks were evaluated for 19 quantitative traits using augmented design with four replications of the checks at Sidama specialty coffee ecology, Southern Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to address the nature of characters correlation and path coefficient among various quantitative traits. The result showed that in most of the traits, genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients. Hundred green bean weight, stem diameter, canopy diameter, average length of primary branches, percent of bearing primary branches and leaf length were the most important traits which possessed positive association with coffee green bean yield. Likewise, path coefficient analysis was revealed that among the different yield contributing traits plant height, leaf length, leaf width, hundred green bean weight, percentage of bearing primary branches, stem diameter, average length of primary branches and coffee berry disease infestation influenced green bean weight directly and indirectly. Thus, selection for coffee green bean yield in coffee through these traits would be effective in order to boost the coffee production in Ethiopia.
{"title":"Association and Path Coefficient Analysis of Yield and Yield Attributes of Coffee ( Coffea arabica L.) Under Sidama Specialty Coffee Growing Area, Awada, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Gizachew Atinafu, H. Mohammed","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000307","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred twenty germplasm collections of arabica coffee and four standard checks were evaluated for 19 quantitative traits using augmented design with four replications of the checks at Sidama specialty coffee ecology, Southern Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to address the nature of characters correlation and path coefficient among various quantitative traits. The result showed that in most of the traits, genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients. Hundred green bean weight, stem diameter, canopy diameter, average length of primary branches, percent of bearing primary branches and leaf length were the most important traits which possessed positive association with coffee green bean yield. Likewise, path coefficient analysis was revealed that among the different yield contributing traits plant height, leaf length, leaf width, hundred green bean weight, percentage of bearing primary branches, stem diameter, average length of primary branches and coffee berry disease infestation influenced green bean weight directly and indirectly. Thus, selection for coffee green bean yield in coffee through these traits would be effective in order to boost the coffee production in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77364766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-02DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000301
A. Qin, Jing Dong, Fuchao Xu, S. Ge, Qing Xu, Meifang Li
Light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins (LHC) play an important role in photosynthesis and development of plant. However, limited data is available for this important gene family in barley, especially for their biological functions. In this study, sequences of rice and Arabidopsis LHCs were used as queries to identify the respective orthologues from available barley genomic database. Total 17 non-reduntant HvLHCs were identified. Genomic sequences of these genes were ranged from 780 bp to 2779 bp in length, and ORF sequence of 738 bp to 933 bp. The phylogenetic relationship of members from barley, rice and Arabidopsis revealed that most of them were common to the three species, while some of them were specific to Arabidopsis or the poaceae family. Cis-element analysis showed that along with the universal transcription initiation and enhancement relevant elements, there were also light as well as biotic and abiotic stresses responsive elements in promoter regions of these HvLHCs. Additionally, these genes exhibited quite similar expression pattern during the development of barley plant according to the public normalized RNA-seq and barley array datasets, but responded distinctively to different treatments including dark, heat, salinity and drought, which were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. This is the first report of identification of HvLHCs at the genome level, and results presented here would be useful not only for determining the precise role of HvLHCs during barley development and abiotic stress responses, but also for using them in molecular breeding of barley varieties with high yield or high tolerance to stresses.
{"title":"Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Light HarvestingChlorophyll a/b Binding Protein Genes in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)","authors":"A. Qin, Jing Dong, Fuchao Xu, S. Ge, Qing Xu, Meifang Li","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000301","url":null,"abstract":"Light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins (LHC) play an important role in photosynthesis and development of plant. However, limited data is available for this important gene family in barley, especially for their biological functions. In this study, sequences of rice and Arabidopsis LHCs were used as queries to identify the respective orthologues from available barley genomic database. Total 17 non-reduntant HvLHCs were identified. Genomic sequences of these genes were ranged from 780 bp to 2779 bp in length, and ORF sequence of 738 bp to 933 bp. The phylogenetic relationship of members from barley, rice and Arabidopsis revealed that most of them were common to the three species, while some of them were specific to Arabidopsis or the poaceae family. Cis-element analysis showed that along with the universal transcription initiation and enhancement relevant elements, there were also light as well as biotic and abiotic stresses responsive elements in promoter regions of these HvLHCs. Additionally, these genes exhibited quite similar expression pattern during the development of barley plant according to the public normalized RNA-seq and barley array datasets, but responded distinctively to different treatments including dark, heat, salinity and drought, which were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. This is the first report of identification of HvLHCs at the genome level, and results presented here would be useful not only for determining the precise role of HvLHCs during barley development and abiotic stress responses, but also for using them in molecular breeding of barley varieties with high yield or high tolerance to stresses.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79491062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-31DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000303
G. Dereje, Bogale Walelign, Assefa Giddisa, H. Solomon, A. Hagos, Alemu Dabi, Regassa Dibaba, D. Alemu
Declining soil fertility is one of the major problems causing yield reduction of rice in Benishangul Gumuz Regional state. Therefore, field experiments were carried out at Bambasi District Assosa Zone, to evaluate and determine the effects of N and P fertilizer rate application on growth, yield and yield components of upland rice. The fertilizer treatments considered in the study was consist of four levels of N (0, 46, 92 and 138 kg N ha-1) and four levels of P (0, 23, 46, and 69 kg P2O5 ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Sonka FTC and on three farmers fields consisting of a total of 16 treatments (mother trial). The results of the study revealed that most of yield and yield components of rice were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the main effect of N on mother and baby trails. Except grain per panicle, straw and grain yield; other parameters are not affected by the main effect of P fertilizer rate application. The highest grain yield (3244 kg ha-1) was recorded from 92 kg N ha-1 combined with 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 and the lowest grain yield (1415.6 kg ha-1) was recorded from the control treatment. Partial budget analysis also indicated that the highest net return (28548 Birr ha-1) was obtained from the application of 92 kg N ha-1 combined with 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 fertilizer rate. Thus, from the result of this study, it can be concluded that the application of 92 kg N ha-1 combined with 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 was found to be superior both agronomically and economically for rice NERICA-4 variety under main cropping season in the study area.
土壤肥力下降是本善古木兹地区水稻减产的主要问题之一。为此，在Bambasi县Assosa区进行了田间试验，评价和确定氮磷肥施用量对旱稻生长、产量和产量构成的影响。本研究考虑的肥料处理包括4个水平的N(0、46、92和138 kg N ha-1)和4个水平的P(0、23、46和69 kg P2O5 ha-1)。试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)，在Sonka联邦贸易委员会和3个农民田间进行3个重复，共16个处理(母试验)。结果表明，水稻的大部分产量和产量成分均受母径和幼径氮主效应的显著影响(P<0.05)。除每穗粒数、秸秆和籽粒产量外;其他参数不受施磷肥主效应的影响。92 kg N + 46 kg P2O5处理籽粒产量最高(3244 kg ha-1)，对照处理籽粒产量最低(1415.6 kg ha-1)。部分预算分析还表明，施用92 kg N / ha-1和46 kg P2O5 / ha-1的土壤净收益最高，为28548 Birr / ha-1。综上所述，本研究结果表明，在研究区水稻NERICA-4主要种植季节，施用92 kg N hm -1配46 kg P2O5 hm -1具有较好的农艺和经济效益。
{"title":"Participatory Evaluation and Determination of N and P FertilizerApplication Rate on Yield and Yield Components of Upland Rice(NERICA-4) at Bambasi District, Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State","authors":"G. Dereje, Bogale Walelign, Assefa Giddisa, H. Solomon, A. Hagos, Alemu Dabi, Regassa Dibaba, D. Alemu","doi":"10.4172/2329-8863.1000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000303","url":null,"abstract":"Declining soil fertility is one of the major problems causing yield reduction of rice in Benishangul Gumuz Regional state. Therefore, field experiments were carried out at Bambasi District Assosa Zone, to evaluate and determine the effects of N and P fertilizer rate application on growth, yield and yield components of upland rice. The fertilizer treatments considered in the study was consist of four levels of N (0, 46, 92 and 138 kg N ha-1) and four levels of P (0, 23, 46, and 69 kg P2O5 ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Sonka FTC and on three farmers fields consisting of a total of 16 treatments (mother trial). The results of the study revealed that most of yield and yield components of rice were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the main effect of N on mother and baby trails. Except grain per panicle, straw and grain yield; other parameters are not affected by the main effect of P fertilizer rate application. The highest grain yield (3244 kg ha-1) was recorded from 92 kg N ha-1 combined with 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 and the lowest grain yield (1415.6 kg ha-1) was recorded from the control treatment. Partial budget analysis also indicated that the highest net return (28548 Birr ha-1) was obtained from the application of 92 kg N ha-1 combined with 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 fertilizer rate. Thus, from the result of this study, it can be concluded that the application of 92 kg N ha-1 combined with 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 was found to be superior both agronomically and economically for rice NERICA-4 variety under main cropping season in the study area.","PeriodicalId":7255,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Crop Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85722024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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