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Adaptability Study of Irish Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties for Yield and Yield Components under Kaffa Zone, South Western Ethiopia 爱尔兰马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)的适应性研究埃塞俄比亚西南部Kaffa地区产量和产量构成的品种
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000333
H. Fikre
Potato is one of the most important food crops grown in mid and high altitude areas of Ethiopia. To meet the increasing demand of potato several potato genotypes have been introduced and evaluated at different areas of the country. However, the performances of different released potato varieties were not yet assessed in the study area. To this end, the present study was undertaken with the focus on determining the adaptability of Irish potato varieties for yield and yield components. It was conducted at Kaffa zone Adiyo District in Alarigeta experimental sub-station in 2013 and 2014 Belge cropping season. Seven improved potato varieties; namely Bule, Marachare, Wochecha, Dancha, Jallanie, Gudanie and Belete were used as treatment. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Average tuber diameter, average tuber number, average tuber weight, marketable tuber number, unmarketable tuber number, total tuber number, marketable tuber yield, unmarketable yield and total tuber yield data were recorded and submitted to SAS software version 9.0. Analysis of variance for each year showed significant (p<0.05) difference among the varieties for all studied traits except Average tuber diameter and marketable tuber number in 2013 and Average tuber diameter and unmarketable tuber yield in 2014. The highest and consistent tuber yield was found in variety Belete (40.54 t/ha and 39.98 t/ha) in 2013 and 2014 respectively. Therefore, variety Belete, which was given high yield in both years, could be used instated of currently cultivating varieties to increase production and productivity of the crop for better enhancement of food security and livelihood income of the locality.
马铃薯是埃塞俄比亚中高海拔地区最重要的粮食作物之一。为了满足日益增长的马铃薯需求,在全国不同地区引进和评价了几种马铃薯基因型。然而,在研究区尚未对不同的马铃薯品种进行性能评价。为此目的,本研究的重点是确定爱尔兰马铃薯品种对产量和产量组成部分的适应性。试验于2013年和2014年比利时种植季在Alarigeta试验分站的Kaffa区Adiyo区进行。7个马铃薯改良品种;分别为blue、Marachare、Wochecha、Dancha、Jallanie、Gudanie和Belete。处理采用随机完全区组设计,3个重复。记录平均块茎直径、平均块茎数、平均块茎重量、可售块茎数、滞销块茎数、总块茎数、可售块茎产量、滞销块茎产量和总块茎产量数据,并提交至SAS软件9.0版本。各年份方差分析表明,除2013年平均块茎直径和可售块茎数、2014年平均块茎直径和不可售块茎产量外,各品种间差异均显著(p<0.05)。块茎产量最高和稳定的品种分别是2013年和2014年的Belete (40.54 t/公顷和39.98 t/公顷)。因此,这两年都获得高产的Belete品种可以代替目前种植的品种,提高作物的产量和生产力,更好地提高当地的粮食安全和生计收入。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of Start, End and Length of the Growing Season and Number of Rainy Days in Semi-Arid Central Refit Valley of Oromia State, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚州中部半干旱地区生长季开始、结束、长度及阴雨天数分析
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000386
Agere Lupi Edao, K. Kibert, G. Mamo
Ethiopian agriculture is dominated by small holder farmers with an average per capita land holding of less than a hectare. The production system mainly depends on rain fed system and low input including fertilizer and pesticides used. In order to characterize the climate of Mieso, Melkassa, and Adami Tulu located in CRV of Ethiopia daily climate data were obtained from MARC for Mieso, Melkassa and Ademi Tulu and used for characterization using INSTAT V3.37. The mean start, end of season and length of growing season (LGS) are found to be May 26, September 14, and 99 days at Mieso site; May 27, October 1st and 97 days at Melkassa site; May 26, September 11, and 109 days in Adami Tulu site. The rainy days ranged from 92-165, 92-147, and 92-110 days in Mieso, Melkassa and Adami Tulu, respectively. Hence, developing new varieties and use of appropriate soil moisture conserving tillage practices will enhance adaptation capacity of farmers under changing climate in CRV of Ethiopia. The changes in rainfall conditions have a direct and immediate impact on the performance of agricultural sector as well as on the country’s total GDP. In order to characterize the climate of Mieso, Melkassa, and Adami Tulu located in CRV of Ethiopia daily climate data were obtained from MARC for Mieso, Melkassa and Ademi Tulu and used for characterization using INSTAT V3.37. The seasonal mean rainfall at Mieso, Melkassa and Adami Tulu is 438, 577.7 and 430.3 mm. The probability of occurrence of dry spell lengths of 5, 7, 10, and 15 days reaches minimum value during the peak rainy months and then starts to increase after the end of the rains. Generally, for the study periods the probability of longer dry spells increases rapidly from first dekadal of September onwards. To take risks of longer dry spells and decide to plant during earliest months of the season, farmers should get access to irrigation and also other mechanisms that minimize the loss of moisture from the farm land.
埃塞俄比亚的农业以人均土地拥有量不到一公顷的小农户为主。生产系统主要依靠雨养系统和低投入,包括化肥和农药的使用。为了表征位于埃塞俄比亚CRV的Mieso、Melkassa和Adami Tulu的气候特征,利用MARC获取Mieso、Melkassa和Ademi Tulu的日气候数据,并使用INSTAT V3.37进行表征。梅索站点的平均季初、季末和生长期分别为5月26日、9月14日和99天;5月27日,10月1日和97天在Melkassa站点;5月26日,9月11日,在阿达米图鲁遗址待了109天。梅索、梅尔卡萨和阿达米图鲁的阴雨日数分别为92 ~ 165、92 ~ 147和92 ~ 110 d。因此,开发新品种和采用适当的水土保持耕作方式将提高埃塞俄比亚CRV农民对气候变化的适应能力。降雨条件的变化对农业部门的表现以及该国的国内生产总值产生直接和直接的影响。为了表征位于埃塞俄比亚CRV的Mieso、Melkassa和Adami Tulu的气候特征,利用MARC获取Mieso、Melkassa和Ademi Tulu的日气候数据,并使用INSTAT V3.37进行表征。米索、梅尔卡萨和阿达米图鲁的季节平均降雨量分别为438、577.7和430.3毫米。5、7、10、15天的旱情发生概率在雨季高峰期达到最小值,雨季结束后开始增加。总的来说,在研究期间,从9月的第一个十年开始,更长的干旱期的可能性迅速增加。为了冒更长时间干旱的风险,决定在这个季节的前几个月播种,农民应该获得灌溉和其他减少农田水分流失的机制。
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引用次数: 4
Effects of Climatic and Agronomic Factors on Yield and Quality of Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L .) Seed: A Review on Selected Factors 气候和农艺因素对面包小麦产量和品质的影响种子:筛选因素综述
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000356
Nadew Bb
The objective of this review work was to explore scientific facts on some of the key climatic and agronomic factors that affect production of quality bread wheat seed. Since it was impossible to cover all production factors once, selection of some of the factors was done. The selected factors for this review were rainfall and temperature among climatic factors while, seed rate and nitrogen fertilization were from agronomic factors. From the investigations of various workers, it could be concluded that rainfall, temperature, seed rate and nitrogen fertilization are some of the key factors that highly influence the state of the physiological processes in seeds and finally affect the yield and quality of seeds.
本综述工作的目的是探索影响优质面包小麦种子生产的一些关键气候和农艺因素的科学事实。由于不可能一次涵盖所有的生产要素,所以选择了其中的一些要素。在气候因子中选取降雨和温度因子,在农艺因子中选取种子率和氮肥因子。通过对各种工蜂的调查,可以得出结论,降雨、温度、种子率和氮肥是影响种子生理过程状态并最终影响种子产量和品质的关键因素。
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引用次数: 17
Influence of Plant Spacing and Seed Tuber Size on Yield and Quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Central Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚中部种植间距和块茎大小对马铃薯产量和品质的影响
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000406
Zebenay Dagne, N. Dechassa, W. Mohammed
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引用次数: 6
Kava ( Piper methysticum )-An Important Source of Income for the Rural Farmers in Fiji Islands 卡瓦(Piper methysticum)-斐济群岛农村农民的重要收入来源
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000325
A. Prasad
Kava (Piper methysticum) production is decreasing very rapidly on a yearly basis. Kava is the traditional ceremonial drink and one of the major sources of income for the farmers in Fiji Islands. Kava farming is practiced by many Fijians in the highlands of Fiji. Fiji is a tropical country, prompt to cyclones and adverse weather conditions, these adverse weather conditions has continuously contributed towards decreasing kava production in the country and other Pacific Islands. There are 12 cultivars of kava distributed across the Pacific Island and Fiji itself acquires 12% of the total cultivars, besides Vanuatu which acquire 82% of the cultivars. Kava takes minimum of 3 years to attain its full maturity and in that 3 years plants go through various kinds of survival pressure and apart from weather conditions, Kava farmers face crop management issues such as Kava pests and diseases.
卡瓦胡椒(Piper methysticum)的产量每年都在迅速下降。卡瓦是传统的仪式饮料,也是斐济群岛农民的主要收入来源之一。卡瓦种植是斐济高地上许多斐济人的习俗。斐济是一个热带国家,容易受到旋风和恶劣天气条件的影响,这些恶劣天气条件不断导致该国和其他太平洋岛屿的卡瓦产量减少。卡瓦有12个品种分布在太平洋岛屿上,斐济本身获得了总品种的12%,瓦努阿图获得了82%的品种。卡瓦树至少需要3年才能完全成熟,在这3年里,植物经历各种生存压力,除了天气条件外,卡瓦农民还面临作物管理问题,如卡瓦病虫害。
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引用次数: 0
Nitrogen Sources and Levels Improve Crop Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Three Wheat Cultivars 氮素来源和水平提高3个小麦品种的产量和氮素利用效率
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000405
E. Hafez, S. Badawy
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引用次数: 0
Yield and Yield Components of Snap Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as affected by N and P Fertilizer Rates at Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia 施氮、磷肥对埃塞俄比亚吉马地区菜豆产量及产量构成的影响
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000369
A.M.D. Negash, S. Tulu, E. Getachew
Snap bean is one of the newly introduced legume crops in Ethiopia and it is an important crop in the provision of food security and earing forging currency. It responds much better to the application inorganic fertilizer especially N and P fertilizers due to lack of nodule forming bacteria in the soil and low in building of fertile soil. However, information concerning the production package of snap bean at Jimma was scares and due to this there is limited evidence in the response of snap bean to inorganic fertilizers (N and P fertilizers) which can increase yield and quality. Cognizant to this fact, the experiment was conducted to realize the effect N and P fertilizers rates on yield and yield components of snap bean at Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia. The experiment consisted of two factors, five levels of N (0, 41, 82, 123, and 164 kg/ha) and four levels of P (0, 46, 92 and 138 kg/ha) arranged 5 × 4 in randomized complete block design with three replications. N as urea was applied in split application (50% at sowing and 50% at flowering) whereas the full dose of P was applied at sowing as triple super phosphate. There was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) for main effects of N and P fertilizer rates for all yield and yield component variables. Out of the whole variables tap root length were significant by the interaction effects of N and P fertilizers rate. The result showed that the maximum marketable pod yield was obtained from 123 kg/ha N and 92 kg/ha P2O5 fertilizer application rates. While, the minimum marketable pod yield was recorded from the application of 0 N and P fertilizer rate. So, form this experiment application of 123 kg/ha N and 92 kg/ha P2O5 increased the marketable pod yield of snap bean at Jimma. Since, the experiment was conducted in a single location and season. So, repeating the experiment for more seasons and similar location would help us draw sound conclusive recommendations to the end users.
豆角豆是埃塞俄比亚新引进的豆科作物之一,是保障粮食安全和铸造货币的重要作物。由于土壤中结瘤细菌较少,土壤肥力较低,对施用无机肥尤其是氮、磷的反应较好。然而,关于吉马豆角生产包装的信息很少,因此,关于豆角对无机肥料(氮和磷肥料)的反应的证据有限,无机肥料可以提高产量和质量。认识到这一事实,在埃塞俄比亚西南部的Jimma进行了氮肥和磷肥施用量对豆荚产量和产量组成的影响试验。试验采用2个因素,5个水平N(0、41、82、123和164 kg/ha)和4个水平P(0、46、92和138 kg/ha), 5 × 4随机完全区组设计,3个重复。氮肥作为尿素分次施用(播期50%,开花期50%),全量磷作为三倍超磷酸盐在播期施用。氮磷肥施用量对各产量及产量构成变量的主效应差异显著(P≤0.05)。在所有变量中,根长受施氮量和磷肥量的交互作用显著。结果表明,施用123 kg/ hm2氮肥和92 kg/ hm2 P2O5时,豆荚产量最高。氮磷肥用量为0时,可售豆荚产量最低。因此,在本试验中,施用123 kg/ hm2氮肥和92 kg/ hm2 P2O5可提高吉马菜豆的可销荚果产量。因为,实验是在一个地点和季节进行的。因此,在更多的季节和类似的地点重复实验将有助于我们向最终用户提出合理的结结性建议。
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引用次数: 8
Optimization of an in vitro Regeneration Protocol for Rough Lemon Rootstock ( Citrus jambhiri L.) via Direct Organogenesis 柠檬粗砧木直接器官发生离体再生方案的优化
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000329
Molla Taye, Brhanu Debesay, Yikunoamilak Tesfahun, Assefa Brhanu
Standardization of a reproducible protocol for in vitro rough lemon rootstock mass propagation was conducted at Tigray Biotechnology Center Plc., Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Mekelle, Ethiopia in 2015/2016 cropping season. Rough lemon is the frequently used rootstock both in the world and Ethiopia citrus fruit production, particularly in the Tigray region due to its superior performance over other rootstocks. However, seedlings produced through conventional ways are not recommended to be used in orchards due to variability problems caused by its polyembrony nature. To overcome such variations, in vitro regeneration of rough lemon rootstocks was performed using nodal segments and shoot tips as explant types. The explants were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 5% scurose and 250 mg/L streptomycin followed to surface sterilization. The most effective and reproducible auxin (NAA), cytokinin (BA) and gebrillenllic acid (GA3) for in vitro shoot and root induction in rough lemon rootstocks were determined. Almost all IBA and BA treatments resulted in almost 100% shoot induction except for at 0.0 and 0.1 mg/L IBA and at 1.5 and 2.0 BA mg/L. Nodal segments induced a higher percentage of explant response with longer shoots in a shorter period of time than shoot tips, which produced more shoots and leaves than nodal segments. The effect different BA and IBA concentrations on various parameters of proliferation were studied. Full strength medium produced more regenerated shoots and leaves per shoot than half-strength MS medium. In addition, longer shoots formed with 0.1 mg/L GA3 than culture medium without this plant growth regulator. Root length decreased with higher concentration of NAA and the longest root (2.5 ± 0.22 cm) was found in the 1.0 mg/L NAA and followed by (1.95 ± 0.22 cm) at 0.5 mg/L of NAA. The rooted plants were successfully established in the greenhouse on the substrate called coco-peat and sand, and their survival rate was found to be 98%. These results suggest that standardization of these factors can help in development of a commercially viable tissue culture system for rough lemon. Moreover, it signifies the need of plant variety based in vitro protocol development and optimization across citrus species.
在Tigray生物技术中心进行了柠檬粗砧木离体大量繁殖的可重复性方案的标准化。2015/2016种植季,埃塞俄比亚Mekelle植物组织培养实验室。粗柠檬是世界和埃塞俄比亚柑橘类水果生产中经常使用的砧木,特别是在提格雷地区,由于其优于其他砧木的性能。然而,由于其多胚性造成的变异性问题,不建议在果园中使用传统方法生产的幼苗。为了克服这种变异,采用节段和茎尖作为外植体进行了柠檬粗砧木的离体再生。将外植体接种于添加5%蔗糖和250 mg/L链霉素的MS培养基上,进行表面灭菌。测定了生长素(NAA)、细胞分裂素(BA)和黄黄烯酸(GA3)对粗柠檬砧木离体诱导芽和根的最有效和最具重复性。除了0.0和0.1 mg/L IBA和1.5和2.0 BA mg/L IBA处理外,几乎所有IBA和BA处理的诱导率都接近100%。茎节段在较短的时间内诱导的外植体响应率高于茎尖,茎尖比茎节段产生更多的芽和叶。研究了不同BA和IBA浓度对细胞增殖各项参数的影响。全强度培养基比半强度MS培养基每枝再生芽和叶片更多。此外,添加0.1 mg/L GA3的培养基比不添加该植物生长调节剂的培养基形成的芽长。随着NAA浓度的升高,根长逐渐减小,在1.0 mg/L NAA处理下,根长为2.5±0.22 cm,在0.5 mg/L NAA处理下,根长为1.95±0.22 cm。生根植株在温室中成功地建立在名为可可豆和沙子的基质上,其成活率为98%。这些结果表明,这些因素的标准化可以帮助开发一个商业上可行的粗柠檬组织培养系统。此外,这也表明了基于植物品种的柑桔种离体方案开发和优化的必要性。
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引用次数: 6
Characterization of Slow Rusting Resistance Against Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in Selected Bread Wheat Cultivars of Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚面包小麦品种抗茎锈病慢锈性的研究
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000389
Mengistu Mitiku, N. Hei, Merkuz Abera
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引用次数: 4
Production Expansion and Comparative Advantage of Upland Rice Production and its Effect on the Local Farming Systems: The Case of Guraferda District, Southwest Ethiopia 旱稻生产扩张、比较优势及其对当地耕作制度的影响——以埃塞俄比亚西南部Guraferda地区为例
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000395
Ejigu Mulatu Helamo, A. Tassew
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引用次数: 1
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