Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100202
Noah A. Crockett, Dani Parra, Abigail C. Doolen, Gabriel A. Radvansky
The structure of events in which information is learned can have meaningful impacts on memory. According to the Event Horizon Model, the segregation of information into separate events can make memory retrieval either harder or easier, depending on the nature of the information and how it is accessed. The current study assessed memory for texts in the presence or absence of event segmentation. Our aim was to determine whether and how different types of memory are influenced when this information is learned as part of a single event or two events. Our results revealed that surface form and textbase memory were better when information was learned as part of a single event. However, the mental model level showed the opposite pattern. We suggest that this underlines the difference between memory and understanding, with different types of knowledge being impacted by environmental structure in very different ways.
{"title":"Walking through doorways causes forgetting: But it may help understanding","authors":"Noah A. Crockett, Dani Parra, Abigail C. Doolen, Gabriel A. Radvansky","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structure of events in which information is learned can have meaningful impacts on memory. According to the Event Horizon Model, the segregation of information into separate events can make memory retrieval either harder or easier, depending on the nature of the information and how it is accessed. The current study assessed memory for texts in the presence or absence of event segmentation. Our aim was to determine whether and how different types of memory are influenced when this information is learned as part of a single event or two events. Our results revealed that surface form and textbase memory were better when information was learned as part of a single event. However, the mental model level showed the opposite pattern. We suggest that this underlines the difference between memory and understanding, with different types of knowledge being impacted by environmental structure in very different ways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100196
Yana Bender , Drew Altschul , Melanie Henschel , Louise Jandke , Stefan R. Schweinberger , Juliane Bräuer
The compatibility (i.e., the best match) of a dog and it’s owner based on their personalities is a promising criterion for evaluating the functionality of their relationship, especially in working dog dyads. This study is possibly the first to investigate this compatibility by testing 92 dog-human teams, including guide dogs for the blind and police dogs. The personality of both partners was assessed, as well as various relationship parameters, their performance (i.e., speed and accuracy) as a team in an obstacle course, and their performance in a showing paradigm (i.e., speed and accuracy). We found that relationship satisfaction was highest when humans and dogs both scored low on openness or agreeableness. These results support the hypothesis that compatibility is reached via corresponding (i.e., same) traits. However, teams comprising highly agreeable dogs and humans performed poorly in the obstacle course. Performance in both behavioral tasks was highest in teams with dogs that were more open and extraverted. These results contribute to the understanding of a functional dog-human relationship and can potentially inform suitable assignment of dogs to owners, thereby preventing the returning of (working-) dogs.
{"title":"Perfect match – Understanding personality based compatibility in dog-owner dyads","authors":"Yana Bender , Drew Altschul , Melanie Henschel , Louise Jandke , Stefan R. Schweinberger , Juliane Bräuer","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The compatibility (i.e., the best match) of a dog and it’s owner based on their personalities is a promising criterion for evaluating the functionality of their relationship, especially in working dog dyads. This study is possibly the first to investigate this compatibility by testing 92 dog-human teams, including guide dogs for the blind and police dogs. The personality of both partners was assessed, as well as various relationship parameters, their performance (i.e., speed and accuracy) as a team in an obstacle course, and their performance in a showing paradigm (i.e., speed and accuracy). We found that relationship satisfaction was highest when humans and dogs both scored low on openness or agreeableness. These results support the hypothesis that compatibility is reached via corresponding (i.e., same) traits. However, teams comprising highly agreeable dogs and humans performed poorly in the obstacle course. Performance in both behavioral tasks was highest in teams with dogs that were more open and extraverted. These results contribute to the understanding of a functional dog-human relationship and can potentially inform suitable assignment of dogs to owners, thereby preventing the returning of (working-) dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mindfulness and mentalization are two psychological processes central to the regulation of emotions. Despite their shared prominence in evidence-based practices, few studies have directly examined their unique and complementary contributions to psychological and interpersonal functioning. In this study, 271 participants from the general population (M = 31.47, SD = 12.16) completed an online questionnaire, and their data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple linear regression models. As hypothesized, mindfulness and mentalization emerged as conceptually distinct yet related psychological processes, each independently associated with lower psychological distress, greater life satisfaction and higher quality of interpersonal relationships. When considering the facets of mentalization (i.e., self-related mentalization, other-related mentalization and motivation to mentalize), self-related mentalization predicted reduced psychological distress, whereas other-related mentalization predicted greater life satisfaction and quality of interpersonal relationships. Mindfulness accounted for a comparable portion of the variance in interpersonal functioning as mentalization, suggesting that mindful awareness may serve as a foundation for reflective processes that enable understanding of self and others. These findings highlight the roles of mindfulness and mentalization in promoting both psychological and interpersonal functioning. Implications, limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
{"title":"Mindfulness and mentalization: comparative study of their unique and overlapping effects on psychological and interpersonal functioning","authors":"Frédérick Dionne , Audrey Richard , Clarys Rancourt, Sarah-Maude Carrier, Julie Maheux","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mindfulness and mentalization are two psychological processes central to the regulation of emotions. Despite their shared prominence in evidence-based practices, few studies have directly examined their unique and complementary contributions to psychological and interpersonal functioning. In this study, 271 participants from the general population (<em>M</em> = 31.47, <em>SD</em> = 12.16) completed an online questionnaire, and their data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple linear regression models. As hypothesized, mindfulness and mentalization emerged as conceptually distinct yet related psychological processes, each independently associated with lower psychological distress, greater life satisfaction and higher quality of interpersonal relationships. When considering the facets of mentalization (i.e., self-related mentalization, other-related mentalization and motivation to mentalize), self-related mentalization predicted reduced psychological distress, whereas other-related mentalization predicted greater life satisfaction and quality of interpersonal relationships. Mindfulness accounted for a comparable portion of the variance in interpersonal functioning as mentalization, suggesting that mindful awareness may serve as a foundation for reflective processes that enable understanding of self and others. These findings highlight the roles of mindfulness and mentalization in promoting both psychological and interpersonal functioning. Implications, limitations and directions for future research are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Personal space is the area around an individual that, when intruded upon, causes discomfort related to self-protection. While aging tends to expand personal space owing to functional decline, our preliminary survey results suggest that Japanese individuals do not believe this applies to older Japanese adults. We further investigated the effect of age and sensory function, in addition to other confounding variables such as gender, on personal space, among Japanese adults by using two methods for validity: the standard stop-distance paradigm and the discomfort paradigm. Because the results for the stop-distance paradigm and discomfort paradigm did not correlate well, we utilized the results of the discomfort paradigm to predict participants’ feelings of discomfort with the distance as assessed by the stop-distance paradigm. Age-related expansion of personal space was observed only in men, which does not fully conform to the findings of previous studies or the proposed underlying mechanism of self-protection. Further, while sensory function did not significantly explain variability in personal space, demographic variables, such as gender, significantly affected personal space and were interpretable given the cultural characteristics and health-related factors of Japanese people, which are further discussed.
{"title":"Personal space and aging in Japanese adults: The role of demographics and sensory function","authors":"Toshikazu Kawagoe , Naoki Kuroda , Shinya Harada , Ryo Teraoka , Wataru Teramoto","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Personal space is the area around an individual that, when intruded upon, causes discomfort related to self-protection. While aging tends to expand personal space owing to functional decline, our preliminary survey results suggest that Japanese individuals do not believe this applies to older Japanese adults. We further investigated the effect of age and sensory function, in addition to other confounding variables such as gender, on personal space, among Japanese adults by using two methods for validity: the standard stop-distance paradigm and the discomfort paradigm. Because the results for the stop-distance paradigm and discomfort paradigm did not correlate well, we utilized the results of the discomfort paradigm to predict participants’ feelings of discomfort with the distance as assessed by the stop-distance paradigm. Age-related expansion of personal space was observed only in men, which does not fully conform to the findings of previous studies or the proposed underlying mechanism of self-protection. Further, while sensory function did not significantly explain variability in personal space, demographic variables, such as gender, significantly affected personal space and were interpretable given the cultural characteristics and health-related factors of Japanese people, which are further discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2026.100205
Chloé Bryche , Giovanni Federico , Arthur Seye , Arnaud Fournel , François Osiurak
Eye tracking technologies have recently been used to analyze the visual exploration of stone tool stimuli by modern humans to investigate the cognition of our ancestors. As a tooling species, modern humans show remarkable abilities when it comes to understanding and manipulating complex tools, such as a microscope. Nevertheless, our earliest technological steps, at least the first ones for which we have archaeological evidence, were stone tools, which today might appear easier to grasp than a highly sophisticated surgical telemanipulator. However, the complexity and diversity of lithic industries require a certain level of knowledge to be fully understood. Thus, the question remains whether modern humans can truly extract relevant features from stone tools to distinguish them, for example, from stones fractured by uncontrolled percussion (broken stones), which might look like the first lithic industries. Naive participants, divided into two groups with one receiving a training about stone tool features and the other not, were asked to distinguish stone tools from broken stones. Results show that participants needed a minimal level of knowledge to distinguish choppers or handaxes from broken stones. Nevertheless, trained participants were still not able to correctly classify unknown types of stone tools as tools, suggesting that they needed deeper knowledge to transfer their skills. Our findings underline the important role of technical knowledge in our ancestors’ expertise in stone knapping.
{"title":"Insights into the cognitive evolution of genus Homo: Eye-tracking analysis of stone tool recognition in trained versus novice modern humans","authors":"Chloé Bryche , Giovanni Federico , Arthur Seye , Arnaud Fournel , François Osiurak","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2026.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2026.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eye tracking technologies have recently been used to analyze the visual exploration of stone tool stimuli by modern humans to investigate the cognition of our ancestors. As a tooling species, modern humans show remarkable abilities when it comes to understanding and manipulating complex tools, such as a microscope. Nevertheless, our earliest technological steps, at least the first ones for which we have archaeological evidence, were stone tools, which today might appear easier to grasp than a highly sophisticated surgical telemanipulator. However, the complexity and diversity of lithic industries require a certain level of knowledge to be fully understood. Thus, the question remains whether modern humans can truly extract relevant features from stone tools to distinguish them, for example, from stones fractured by uncontrolled percussion (broken stones), which might look like the first lithic industries. Naive participants, divided into two groups with one receiving a training about stone tool features and the other not, were asked to distinguish stone tools from broken stones. Results show that participants needed a minimal level of knowledge to distinguish choppers or handaxes from broken stones. Nevertheless, trained participants were still not able to correctly classify unknown types of stone tools as tools, suggesting that they needed deeper knowledge to transfer their skills. Our findings underline the important role of technical knowledge in our ancestors’ expertise in stone knapping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2026.100204
Marcel Krijgsheld , Lars (L.G.) Tummers , Floortje (F.E.) Scheepers
Improvements in healthcare are imperative. In response, healthcare professionals should continue to learn and develop innovative solutions. This means healthcare organizations require personnel that performs adaptivily. Personality traits may be related to adaptive performance. This study investigates this possible relationship.
Professionals (N = 583) working in the field of nursing in the Netherlands and the United States completed a survey measuring adaptive performance and the personality traits of agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and neuroticism. We studied to what extent personality traits were related to adaptive performance. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test whether personality traits were related to adaptive performance. We found that nurses openness and extraversion were positively related to adaptive performance, while neuroticism was negatively related.
We found that nursing professionals characterized themselves predominantly as agreeable and conscientious. These personality traits were not related to adaptive performance. Human resource departments of healthcare organizations could include these outcomes in their assessments and learning and development programs. Healthcare organizations could adopt a strategy that considers the findings of this study when implementing changes. Educational institutions should integrate these findings on adaptive performance when implementing changes.
{"title":"Adaptive performance and personality traits in the context of healthcare","authors":"Marcel Krijgsheld , Lars (L.G.) Tummers , Floortje (F.E.) Scheepers","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2026.100204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2026.100204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improvements in healthcare are imperative. In response, healthcare professionals should continue to learn and develop innovative solutions. This means healthcare organizations require personnel that performs adaptivily. Personality traits may be related to adaptive performance. This study investigates this possible relationship.</div><div>Professionals (N = 583) working in the field of nursing in the Netherlands and the United States completed a survey measuring adaptive performance and the personality traits of agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and neuroticism. We studied to what extent personality traits were related to adaptive performance. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test whether personality traits were related to adaptive performance. We found that nurses openness and extraversion were positively related to adaptive performance, while neuroticism was negatively related.</div><div>We found that nursing professionals characterized themselves predominantly as agreeable and conscientious. These personality traits were not related to adaptive performance. Human resource departments of healthcare organizations could include these outcomes in their assessments and learning and development programs. Healthcare organizations could adopt a strategy that considers the findings of this study when implementing changes. Educational institutions should integrate these findings on adaptive performance when implementing changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100197
Joacim Forell , Jonatan Näsström , Joakim Norberg
Self-compassion (SC) refers to an adaptive way of relating to one’s experiences during times of failure or distress and is theorized to encourage viewing relationships as sources of connection rather than as tools to enhance self-esteem. Previous research has supported the interpersonal role of SC, and examining its association with Prestige may further advance the theoretical framework for understanding how SC promotes adaptive social outcomes. Because Authentic Pride has been shown to have a causal relationship with Prestige and is also empirically associated with SC, the present study proposes Authentic Pride as a relevant construct for understanding potential associations between SC and Prestige. The study conceptualizes SC as a process that may increase Authentic Pride through both behavioral and intrapsychic mechanisms. A total of 208 Swedish university students completed a cross-sectional self-report survey including measures of SC, Authentic Pride, and Prestige. Regression analyses showed that SC significantly predicted Prestige, and that including Authentic Pride in the model reduced the direct effect of SC on Prestige. These findings support the association between SC and adaptive social outcomes, with Prestige representing a specific dimension related to social influence and respect within a group. The results also suggest that the association between SC and Authentic Pride generalizes to a predominantly female student population. Although correlational, the study integrates multiple theoretical perspectives and provides a foundation for further investigation of SC and its effects on adaptive social outcomes.
{"title":"A multiple regression analysis of self-compassion, authentic pride, and self-reported prestige","authors":"Joacim Forell , Jonatan Näsström , Joakim Norberg","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-compassion (SC) refers to an adaptive way of relating to one’s experiences during times of failure or distress and is theorized to encourage viewing relationships as sources of connection rather than as tools to enhance self-esteem. Previous research has supported the interpersonal role of SC, and examining its association with Prestige may further advance the theoretical framework for understanding how SC promotes adaptive social outcomes. Because Authentic Pride has been shown to have a causal relationship with Prestige and is also empirically associated with SC, the present study proposes Authentic Pride as a relevant construct for understanding potential associations between SC and Prestige. The study conceptualizes SC as a process that may increase Authentic Pride through both behavioral and intrapsychic mechanisms. A total of 208 Swedish university students completed a cross-sectional self-report survey including measures of SC, Authentic Pride, and Prestige. Regression analyses showed that SC significantly predicted Prestige, and that including Authentic Pride in the model reduced the direct effect of SC on Prestige. These findings support the association between SC and adaptive social outcomes, with Prestige representing a specific dimension related to social influence and respect within a group. The results also suggest that the association between SC and Authentic Pride generalizes to a predominantly female student population. Although correlational, the study integrates multiple theoretical perspectives and provides a foundation for further investigation of SC and its effects on adaptive social outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100194
Laura Colautti, Michela Zambelli, Alessandro Antonietti, Semira Tagliabue, Paola Iannello
Decision making (DM) under value-based conditions is pervasive in everyday life and crucial in supporting individuals’ wellbeing, especially as age increases and it becomes more difficult to cope with negative consequences of suboptimal choices. Considering that aging induces people to make riskier choices under value-based conditions and that executive functions and memory can support safe choices, the present study investigated the relationships between DM under two of the main value-based conditions (i.e., ambiguity and risk) and the core abilities underlying executive functions and memory in a sample of 138 healthy older adults. Psychometric network analysis was used to assess pairwise associations between such abilities. Results showed positive interconnections between DM under risk and executive functions and memory, whereas DM under ambiguity presented different partial correlations according to the decisional condition (prominent ambiguity vs. ambiguity with a component of risk). The study provided hints for the comprehension of cognitive mechanisms underlying value-based DM in aging.
{"title":"The relationships between cognitive functioning and decision making under value-based conditions in older adults: Findings based on a psychometric network analysis","authors":"Laura Colautti, Michela Zambelli, Alessandro Antonietti, Semira Tagliabue, Paola Iannello","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decision making (DM) under value-based conditions is pervasive in everyday life and crucial in supporting individuals’ wellbeing, especially as age increases and it becomes more difficult to cope with negative consequences of suboptimal choices. Considering that aging induces people to make riskier choices under value-based conditions and that executive functions and memory can support safe choices, the present study investigated the relationships between DM under two of the main value-based conditions (i.e., ambiguity and risk) and the core abilities underlying executive functions and memory in a sample of 138 healthy older adults. Psychometric network analysis was used to assess pairwise associations between such abilities. Results showed positive interconnections between DM under risk and executive functions and memory, whereas DM under ambiguity presented different partial correlations according to the decisional condition (prominent ambiguity vs. ambiguity with a component of risk). The study provided hints for the comprehension of cognitive mechanisms underlying value-based DM in aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145536982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100201
Aonika Michelle Russell, Kathryn Sperry
As perfectionism and mental health concerns become more prevalent among college students, researchers are increasingly examining factors influencing students’ psychological well-being. Teaching style has been associated with academic engagement and motivation, yet its impact on students’ perfectionism and anxiety remains understudied. The present study sought to address this gap by examining the relationships among teaching style, students’ perfectionism, and students’ anxiety. In a between-subjects design, participants (N = 164 undergraduate students) were randomly assigned to read one of three vignettes about a college professor who exhibited one of three teaching styles (authoritarian, authoritative, or permissive) and were subsequently asked about their self-reported levels of perfectionism and anxiety. There were several key findings: (1) Both state and trait anxiety were correlated with several facets of perfectionism; (2) The teaching style manipulation impacted participants’ perfectionism in the expected direction (authoritarian > authoritative > permissive); (3) There was a significant interaction between the teaching style condition and trait anxiety on black/white thinking (one facet of perfectionism), such that for participants in the authoritarian condition, trait anxiety significantly predicted black/white thinking, but this relationship was not significant among participants in the authoritative or permissive teaching style conditions; (4) Exploratory analyses revealed that participants’ perfectionism mediated the relationship between authoritarian teaching style and state anxiety. Perfectionism also mediated the relationship between permissive teaching style and state anxiety. These results highlight the psychological impact of perceived teaching styles and underscore the potential role of instructional practices in increasing or mitigating student anxiety and perfectionism.
{"title":"The perfect storm: Exploring the impact of teaching styles on perfectionism and anxiety","authors":"Aonika Michelle Russell, Kathryn Sperry","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As perfectionism and mental health concerns become more prevalent among college students, researchers are increasingly examining factors influencing students’ psychological well-being. Teaching style has been associated with academic engagement and motivation, yet its impact on students’ perfectionism and anxiety remains understudied. The present study sought to address this gap by examining the relationships among teaching style, students’ perfectionism, and students’ anxiety. In a between-subjects design, participants (<em>N</em> = 164 undergraduate students) were randomly assigned to read one of three vignettes about a college professor who exhibited one of three teaching styles (authoritarian, authoritative, or permissive) and were subsequently asked about their self-reported levels of perfectionism and anxiety. There were several key findings: (1) Both state and trait anxiety were correlated with several facets of perfectionism; (2) The teaching style manipulation impacted participants’ perfectionism in the expected direction (authoritarian > authoritative > permissive); (3) There was a significant interaction between the teaching style condition and trait anxiety on black/white thinking (one facet of perfectionism), such that for participants in the authoritarian condition, trait anxiety significantly predicted black/white thinking, but this relationship was not significant among participants in the authoritative or permissive teaching style conditions; (4) Exploratory analyses revealed that participants’ perfectionism mediated the relationship between authoritarian teaching style and state anxiety. Perfectionism also mediated the relationship between permissive teaching style and state anxiety. These results highlight the psychological impact of perceived teaching styles and underscore the potential role of instructional practices in increasing or mitigating student anxiety and perfectionism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100195
Árpád Csathó , Eszter Simon , Dimitri Van der Linden , András Matuz
Mental fatigue is a common subjective experience, often caused by prolonged mental workload (i.e. Time-on-Task). While there are several scientific theories about the nature and causes of fatigue induced by Time-on-Task, no studies have examined how these scientific theories are consistent with lay persons’ views on fatigue. Therefore, across two studies using situational judgment tasks, we examined how participants rated imagined work scenarios on various fatigue-related factors. Study 1 compared low and high workload office tasks, while Study 2 compared two different work situations (parking attendant and warehouse worker), with samples matched on key demographics. Participants rated which task characteristics are involved, and most likely cause fatigue. Participants’ mood states were also assessed, namely anxiety, depression, and fatigue catastrophizing. Results revealed that participants consistently view fatigue as a multifaceted experience, primarily linked to boredom, low motivation, drowsiness, and high energy demands. Notably, perceived workload, stress, and task difficulty did not affect fatigue ratings. In both studies two main factors emerged in the ratings: one related to energetic aspects, and another related to boredom, discouragement, and low motivation. Participants ‘own mood states did not relate to their ratings of the scenarios. In general, the results suggest that non-scientific views are also diverse regarding the potential causes of fatigue but overlap with scientific views.
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