Current research in behavioral sciences最新文献

Adaptive performance and personality traits in the context of healthcare 医疗保健背景下的适应性表现和人格特征

IF 2 Q1 Psychology

Current research in behavioral sciences

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2026.100204

Marcel Krijgsheld , Lars (L.G.) Tummers , Floortje (F.E.) Scheepers

Improvements in healthcare are imperative. In response, healthcare professionals should continue to learn and develop innovative solutions. This means healthcare organizations require personnel that performs adaptivily. Personality traits may be related to adaptive performance. This study investigates this possible relationship.

Professionals (N = 583) working in the field of nursing in the Netherlands and the United States completed a survey measuring adaptive performance and the personality traits of agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and neuroticism. We studied to what extent personality traits were related to adaptive performance. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test whether personality traits were related to adaptive performance. We found that nurses openness and extraversion were positively related to adaptive performance, while neuroticism was negatively related.

We found that nursing professionals characterized themselves predominantly as agreeable and conscientious. These personality traits were not related to adaptive performance. Human resource departments of healthcare organizations could include these outcomes in their assessments and learning and development programs. Healthcare organizations could adopt a strategy that considers the findings of this study when implementing changes. Educational institutions should integrate these findings on adaptive performance when implementing changes.

改善医疗保健是当务之急。作为回应，医疗保健专业人员应该继续学习和开发创新的解决方案。这意味着医疗保健组织需要具有适应性的人员。人格特质可能与适应性表现有关。这项研究调查了这种可能的关系。荷兰和美国的护理专业人员（N = 583）完成了一项调查，测量了适应性表现和人格特征（宜人性、尽责性、外向性、开放性和神经质）。我们研究了人格特质在多大程度上与适应性表现相关。采用多元回归分析检验人格特质是否与适应绩效相关。研究发现，开放性和外倾性与护士的适应绩效呈正相关，而神经质与适应绩效呈负相关。我们发现，护理专业人员的特点主要是和蔼可亲、尽职尽责。这些人格特征与适应性表现无关。医疗机构的人力资源部门可以将这些结果纳入他们的评估、学习和发展计划中。医疗保健组织在实施变更时可以采用考虑本研究结果的策略。教育机构在实施变革时应整合这些适应性绩效的研究结果。

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引用次数: 0

Walking through doorways causes forgetting: But it may help understanding 穿过门道会导致遗忘，但它可能有助于理解

IF 2 Q1 Psychology

Current research in behavioral sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100202

Noah A. Crockett, Dani Parra, Abigail C. Doolen, Gabriel A. Radvansky

The structure of events in which information is learned can have meaningful impacts on memory. According to the Event Horizon Model, the segregation of information into separate events can make memory retrieval either harder or easier, depending on the nature of the information and how it is accessed. The current study assessed memory for texts in the presence or absence of event segmentation. Our aim was to determine whether and how different types of memory are influenced when this information is learned as part of a single event or two events. Our results revealed that surface form and textbase memory were better when information was learned as part of a single event. However, the mental model level showed the opposite pattern. We suggest that this underlines the difference between memory and understanding, with different types of knowledge being impacted by environmental structure in very different ways.

学习信息的事件结构对记忆有重要影响。根据事件视界模型（Event Horizon Model），将信息分离到单独的事件中可能会使记忆检索变得困难或容易，这取决于信息的性质和访问方式。目前的研究评估了在存在或不存在事件分割的情况下对文本的记忆。我们的目的是确定当这些信息作为单一事件或两个事件的一部分学习时，是否以及如何影响不同类型的记忆。我们的研究结果表明，当信息作为单一事件的一部分学习时，表面形式和文本基记忆更好。然而，心理模型水平显示出相反的模式。我们认为这强调了记忆和理解之间的差异，不同类型的知识受到环境结构的影响方式非常不同。

引用次数: 0

Personal space and aging in Japanese adults: The role of demographics and sensory function 日本成年人的个人空间与老龄化：人口统计学和感官功能的作用

IF 2 Q1 Psychology

Current research in behavioral sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100203

Toshikazu Kawagoe , Naoki Kuroda , Shinya Harada , Ryo Teraoka , Wataru Teramoto

Personal space is the area around an individual that, when intruded upon, causes discomfort related to self-protection. While aging tends to expand personal space owing to functional decline, our preliminary survey results suggest that Japanese individuals do not believe this applies to older Japanese adults. We further investigated the effect of age and sensory function, in addition to other confounding variables such as gender, on personal space, among Japanese adults by using two methods for validity: the standard stop-distance paradigm and the discomfort paradigm. Because the results for the stop-distance paradigm and discomfort paradigm did not correlate well, we utilized the results of the discomfort paradigm to predict participants’ feelings of discomfort with the distance as assessed by the stop-distance paradigm. Age-related expansion of personal space was observed only in men, which does not fully conform to the findings of previous studies or the proposed underlying mechanism of self-protection. Further, while sensory function did not significantly explain variability in personal space, demographic variables, such as gender, significantly affected personal space and were interpretable given the cultural characteristics and health-related factors of Japanese people, which are further discussed.

个人空间是一个人周围的区域，当被侵犯时，会引起与自我保护有关的不适。虽然由于功能衰退，老龄化倾向于扩大个人空间，但我们的初步调查结果表明，日本人并不认为这适用于日本老年人。我们进一步研究了年龄和感觉功能以及其他混杂变量（如性别）对日本成年人个人空间的影响，采用了两种效度方法：标准停止距离范式和不适范式。由于停止距离范式和不适范式的结果不太相关，我们利用不适范式的结果来预测参与者对停止距离范式评估的不适感觉。与年龄相关的个人空间扩张仅在男性中观察到，这与先前的研究结果或提出的潜在自我保护机制并不完全一致。此外，虽然感觉功能不能显著解释个人空间的可变性，但性别等人口变量对个人空间有显著影响，鉴于日本人的文化特征和与健康有关的因素，这些变量是可以解释的。

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引用次数: 0

The perfect storm: Exploring the impact of teaching styles on perfectionism and anxiety 完美风暴：探索教学风格对完美主义和焦虑的影响

IF 2 Q1 Psychology

Current research in behavioral sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100201

Aonika Michelle Russell, Kathryn Sperry

As perfectionism and mental health concerns become more prevalent among college students, researchers are increasingly examining factors influencing students’ psychological well-being. Teaching style has been associated with academic engagement and motivation, yet its impact on students’ perfectionism and anxiety remains understudied. The present study sought to address this gap by examining the relationships among teaching style, students’ perfectionism, and students’ anxiety. In a between-subjects design, participants (N = 164 undergraduate students) were randomly assigned to read one of three vignettes about a college professor who exhibited one of three teaching styles (authoritarian, authoritative, or permissive) and were subsequently asked about their self-reported levels of perfectionism and anxiety. There were several key findings: (1) Both state and trait anxiety were correlated with several facets of perfectionism; (2) The teaching style manipulation impacted participants’ perfectionism in the expected direction (authoritarian > authoritative > permissive); (3) There was a significant interaction between the teaching style condition and trait anxiety on black/white thinking (one facet of perfectionism), such that for participants in the authoritarian condition, trait anxiety significantly predicted black/white thinking, but this relationship was not significant among participants in the authoritative or permissive teaching style conditions; (4) Exploratory analyses revealed that participants’ perfectionism mediated the relationship between authoritarian teaching style and state anxiety. Perfectionism also mediated the relationship between permissive teaching style and state anxiety. These results highlight the psychological impact of perceived teaching styles and underscore the potential role of instructional practices in increasing or mitigating student anxiety and perfectionism.

随着完美主义和心理健康问题在大学生中越来越普遍，研究人员越来越多地研究影响学生心理健康的因素。教学风格与学习投入和学习动机有关，但其对学生完美主义和焦虑的影响仍未得到充分研究。本研究试图通过考察教学风格、学生完美主义和学生焦虑之间的关系来解决这一差距。在受试者之间的设计中，参与者（N = 164名本科生）被随机分配阅读三篇关于一位大学教授的小短文中的一篇，这位教授表现出三种教学风格（专制、权威或宽容）中的一种，随后被问及他们自我报告的完美主义和焦虑程度。主要发现如下：(1)状态焦虑和特质焦虑都与完美主义的几个方面相关；(2)教学风格操纵对被试完美主义的影响呈预期方向（威权型；权威型；宽容型）；(3)在黑/白思维（完美主义的一个方面）方面，教学风格条件与特质焦虑之间存在显著的交互作用，专制型教学风格条件下，特质焦虑显著预测黑/白思维，而权威型和宽容型教学风格条件下，这种关系不显著；(4)探索性分析发现，被试的完美主义在专制教学风格与状态焦虑之间起中介作用。完美主义也在宽容型教学风格与状态焦虑之间起中介作用。这些结果强调了感知教学风格的心理影响，并强调了教学实践在增加或减轻学生焦虑和完美主义方面的潜在作用。

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引用次数: 0

Mindfulness and mentalization: comparative study of their unique and overlapping effects on psychological and interpersonal functioning 正念和心智化：它们对心理和人际功能的独特和重叠影响的比较研究

IF 2 Q1 Psychology

Current research in behavioral sciences

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100198

Frédérick Dionne , Audrey Richard , Clarys Rancourt, Sarah-Maude Carrier, Julie Maheux

Mindfulness and mentalization are two psychological processes central to the regulation of emotions. Despite their shared prominence in evidence-based practices, few studies have directly examined their unique and complementary contributions to psychological and interpersonal functioning. In this study, 271 participants from the general population (M = 31.47, SD = 12.16) completed an online questionnaire, and their data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple linear regression models. As hypothesized, mindfulness and mentalization emerged as conceptually distinct yet related psychological processes, each independently associated with lower psychological distress, greater life satisfaction and higher quality of interpersonal relationships. When considering the facets of mentalization (i.e., self-related mentalization, other-related mentalization and motivation to mentalize), self-related mentalization predicted reduced psychological distress, whereas other-related mentalization predicted greater life satisfaction and quality of interpersonal relationships. Mindfulness accounted for a comparable portion of the variance in interpersonal functioning as mentalization, suggesting that mindful awareness may serve as a foundation for reflective processes that enable understanding of self and others. These findings highlight the roles of mindfulness and mentalization in promoting both psychological and interpersonal functioning. Implications, limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

正念和心智化是调节情绪的两个核心心理过程。尽管它们在循证实践中有着共同的突出地位，但很少有研究直接考察它们对心理和人际功能的独特和互补贡献。本研究选取271名普通人群（M = 31.47, SD = 12.16）完成在线问卷调查，采用层次多元线性回归模型对数据进行分析。正如假设的那样，正念和心理化在概念上是不同的，但却相互关联的心理过程，它们各自独立地与较低的心理困扰、较高的生活满意度和较高的人际关系质量相关。当考虑到心理化的各个方面（即自我相关的心理化、他人相关的心理化和心理化的动机）时，自我相关的心理化预示着心理困扰的减少，而他人相关的心理化预示着生活满意度和人际关系质量的提高。正念在人际功能变化中所占的比例与心理化相当，这表明正念意识可能是反思过程的基础，使人们能够理解自我和他人。这些发现强调了正念和心智化在促进心理和人际功能方面的作用。讨论了今后研究的意义、局限性和方向。

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引用次数: 0

A multiple regression analysis of self-compassion, authentic pride, and self-reported prestige 自我同情、真实骄傲和自我报告声望的多元回归分析

IF 2 Q1 Psychology

Current research in behavioral sciences

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100197

Joacim Forell , Jonatan Näsström , Joakim Norberg

Self-compassion (SC) refers to an adaptive way of relating to one’s experiences during times of failure or distress and is theorized to encourage viewing relationships as sources of connection rather than as tools to enhance self-esteem. Previous research has supported the interpersonal role of SC, and examining its association with Prestige may further advance the theoretical framework for understanding how SC promotes adaptive social outcomes. Because Authentic Pride has been shown to have a causal relationship with Prestige and is also empirically associated with SC, the present study proposes Authentic Pride as a relevant construct for understanding potential associations between SC and Prestige. The study conceptualizes SC as a process that may increase Authentic Pride through both behavioral and intrapsychic mechanisms. A total of 208 Swedish university students completed a cross-sectional self-report survey including measures of SC, Authentic Pride, and Prestige. Regression analyses showed that SC significantly predicted Prestige, and that including Authentic Pride in the model reduced the direct effect of SC on Prestige. These findings support the association between SC and adaptive social outcomes, with Prestige representing a specific dimension related to social influence and respect within a group. The results also suggest that the association between SC and Authentic Pride generalizes to a predominantly female student population. Although correlational, the study integrates multiple theoretical perspectives and provides a foundation for further investigation of SC and its effects on adaptive social outcomes.

自我同情（SC）指的是一种在失败或痛苦时期与个人经历联系起来的适应性方式，从理论上讲，它鼓励人们将人际关系视为联系的来源，而不是增强自尊的工具。先前的研究已经支持了自律的人际作用，而研究其与声望的关系可能会进一步推进理解自律如何促进适应性社会结果的理论框架。因为真实的骄傲已被证明与声望有因果关系，并且在经验上也与SC相关，本研究提出真实的骄傲是理解SC和声望之间潜在关联的相关结构。该研究将SC概念化为一个可能通过行为和心理内机制增加真实自豪感的过程。共有208名瑞典大学生完成了一项横断面自我报告调查，包括SC、真实自豪感和声望的测量。回归分析表明，诚信对声望有显著的预测作用，而在模型中加入真实自豪感会降低诚信对声望的直接影响。这些发现支持SC与适应性社会结果之间的联系，威望代表了与群体内的社会影响和尊重相关的特定维度。研究结果还表明，SC和真实骄傲之间的联系普遍存在于以女性为主的学生群体中。本研究虽然具有相关性，但整合了多个理论视角，为进一步研究自主学习及其对适应性社会结果的影响提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Perfect match – Understanding personality based compatibility in dog-owner dyads 完美匹配-了解狗主人的个性基础上的兼容性

IF 2 Q1 Psychology

Current research in behavioral sciences

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100196

Yana Bender , Drew Altschul , Melanie Henschel , Louise Jandke , Stefan R. Schweinberger , Juliane Bräuer

The compatibility (i.e., the best match) of a dog and it’s owner based on their personalities is a promising criterion for evaluating the functionality of their relationship, especially in working dog dyads. This study is possibly the first to investigate this compatibility by testing 92 dog-human teams, including guide dogs for the blind and police dogs. The personality of both partners was assessed, as well as various relationship parameters, their performance (i.e., speed and accuracy) as a team in an obstacle course, and their performance in a showing paradigm (i.e., speed and accuracy). We found that relationship satisfaction was highest when humans and dogs both scored low on openness or agreeableness. These results support the hypothesis that compatibility is reached via corresponding (i.e., same) traits. However, teams comprising highly agreeable dogs and humans performed poorly in the obstacle course. Performance in both behavioral tasks was highest in teams with dogs that were more open and extraverted. These results contribute to the understanding of a functional dog-human relationship and can potentially inform suitable assignment of dogs to owners, thereby preventing the returning of (working-) dogs.

狗和主人基于个性的兼容性（即最佳匹配）是评估他们关系功能的一个很有前途的标准，尤其是在工作狗的夫妻中。这项研究可能是第一个调查这种兼容性的研究，它测试了92个狗-人团队，包括导盲犬和警犬。研究人员评估了双方的个性，以及各种关系参数，他们在障碍赛中作为一个团队的表现（即速度和准确性），以及他们在展示范式中的表现（即速度和准确性）。我们发现，当人类和狗在开放性或亲和性方面得分都较低时，关系满意度最高。这些结果支持了相容性是通过相应（即相同）性状达到的假设。然而，由非常随和的狗和人组成的团队在障碍赛中表现不佳。拥有更开放和外向的狗的团队在这两项行为任务中的表现都是最高的。这些结果有助于理解功能性狗与人的关系，并可能为狗的主人提供合适的分配，从而防止（工作）狗的返回。

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引用次数: 0

Concept of time-on-task induced fatigue in lay people: a survey-based examination using situational judgement paradigm 外行人任务时间诱发疲劳的概念：基于情境判断范式的调查研究

IF 2 Q1 Psychology

Current research in behavioral sciences

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100195

Árpád Csathó , Eszter Simon , Dimitri Van der Linden , András Matuz

Mental fatigue is a common subjective experience, often caused by prolonged mental workload (i.e. Time-on-Task). While there are several scientific theories about the nature and causes of fatigue induced by Time-on-Task, no studies have examined how these scientific theories are consistent with lay persons’ views on fatigue. Therefore, across two studies using situational judgment tasks, we examined how participants rated imagined work scenarios on various fatigue-related factors. Study 1 compared low and high workload office tasks, while Study 2 compared two different work situations (parking attendant and warehouse worker), with samples matched on key demographics. Participants rated which task characteristics are involved, and most likely cause fatigue. Participants’ mood states were also assessed, namely anxiety, depression, and fatigue catastrophizing. Results revealed that participants consistently view fatigue as a multifaceted experience, primarily linked to boredom, low motivation, drowsiness, and high energy demands. Notably, perceived workload, stress, and task difficulty did not affect fatigue ratings. In both studies two main factors emerged in the ratings: one related to energetic aspects, and another related to boredom, discouragement, and low motivation. Participants ‘own mood states did not relate to their ratings of the scenarios. In general, the results suggest that non-scientific views are also diverse regarding the potential causes of fatigue but overlap with scientific views.

精神疲劳是一种常见的主观体验，通常是由长时间的精神负荷（即时间在任务上）引起的。虽然有一些关于由时间-任务引起的疲劳的性质和原因的科学理论，但没有研究检验这些科学理论如何与非专业人士对疲劳的看法一致。因此，在两项使用情境判断任务的研究中，我们研究了参与者如何根据各种疲劳相关因素对想象的工作场景进行评分。研究1比较了低工作量和高工作量的办公室任务，而研究2比较了两种不同的工作情况（停车场服务员和仓库工人），样本与关键人口统计数据相匹配。参与者评估哪些任务特征涉及到，哪些最可能导致疲劳。参与者的情绪状态也被评估，即焦虑、抑郁和疲劳灾难。结果显示，参与者一致认为疲劳是一种多方面的体验，主要与无聊、缺乏动力、困倦和高能量需求有关。值得注意的是，感知工作量、压力和任务难度对疲劳评分没有影响。在这两项研究中，评分中出现了两个主要因素：一个与精力充沛有关，另一个与无聊、气馁和缺乏动力有关。参与者自己的情绪状态与他们对场景的评分无关。总的来说，结果表明，关于疲劳的潜在原因，非科学观点也多种多样，但与科学观点重叠。

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引用次数: 0

The relationships between cognitive functioning and decision making under value-based conditions in older adults: Findings based on a psychometric network analysis 基于价值的老年人认知功能与决策之间的关系：基于心理测量网络分析的结果

IF 2 Q1 Psychology

Current research in behavioral sciences

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100194

Laura Colautti, Michela Zambelli, Alessandro Antonietti, Semira Tagliabue, Paola Iannello

Decision making (DM) under value-based conditions is pervasive in everyday life and crucial in supporting individuals’ wellbeing, especially as age increases and it becomes more difficult to cope with negative consequences of suboptimal choices. Considering that aging induces people to make riskier choices under value-based conditions and that executive functions and memory can support safe choices, the present study investigated the relationships between DM under two of the main value-based conditions (i.e., ambiguity and risk) and the core abilities underlying executive functions and memory in a sample of 138 healthy older adults. Psychometric network analysis was used to assess pairwise associations between such abilities. Results showed positive interconnections between DM under risk and executive functions and memory, whereas DM under ambiguity presented different partial correlations according to the decisional condition (prominent ambiguity vs. ambiguity with a component of risk). The study provided hints for the comprehension of cognitive mechanisms underlying value-based DM in aging.

基于价值条件下的决策制定（DM）在日常生活中无处不在，对支持个人福祉至关重要，尤其是随着年龄的增长，应对次优选择的负面后果变得更加困难。考虑到衰老会导致人们在基于价值的条件下做出更危险的选择，而执行功能和记忆可以支持安全的选择，本研究以138名健康老年人为样本，研究了两种主要基于价值的条件下（即模糊和风险）的糖尿病与执行功能和记忆的核心能力之间的关系。使用心理测量网络分析来评估这些能力之间的两两关联。结果表明，风险下的决策决策与执行功能和记忆之间存在正相关关系，而模糊下的决策决策在不同的决策条件下呈现出不同的偏相关关系（突出的模糊与带有风险成分的模糊）。本研究为理解价值型糖尿病在衰老过程中的认知机制提供了线索。

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引用次数: 0

Reducing overhead aversion in charitable giving through information and introspection 通过信息和内省减少慈善捐赠的间接厌恶

Q1 Psychology

Current research in behavioral sciences

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100171

Hulda Karlsson-Larsson , Hajdi Moche , Daniel Västfjäll

Donors are less likely to donate to charities with high overhead levels. Can giving information about what the overhead covers and its effect on charity effectiveness, combined with deliberating on that information (introspection) reduce such overhead aversion? To answer this, two experiments were performed (1: N = 1017; 2: N = 814), comparing the proportion of donations to one of two charities that varied in overhead levels (0 % or 50 %). Experiment 1 aimed to replicate the overhead aversion effect and examine if it may be mitigated with information and/or introspection. Experiment 2 explored the impact of information content. We find overhead aversion in both experiments. Combining nuanced information about overhead with introspection reduced overhead aversion. Moreover, the results indicate that donors are responsive to the content of the overhead information.

捐赠者不太可能向管理费用高的慈善机构捐款。提供有关开销覆盖范围及其对慈善有效性影响的信息，并结合对这些信息的深思熟虑（内省），能否减少这种开销厌恶？为了回答这个问题，我们进行了两个实验(1:N = 1017；2: N = 814)，比较两个不同管理费用水平的慈善机构之一的捐款比例（0%或50%）。实验1旨在复制头顶厌恶效应，并检查是否可以通过信息和/或内省来减轻它。实验2探讨了信息内容的影响。我们在两个实验中都发现了头顶厌恶。将有关开销的细微信息与内省相结合，减少了对开销的厌恶。此外，结果表明，捐助者对间接信息的内容有反应。

引用次数: 0