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Energy Saving Potential of the Independent Metering Fluid Power System 独立计量流体动力系统的节能潜力
Pub Date : 2017-04-14 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000163
Kailei Liu
Electro-hydraulic proportional control valves are widely applied for motion control in the electro-hydraulic fluid power system. Normally, a sliding spool is used in the proportional control valve to control the flow direction and flow rate passing through the valve, as a result, the meterin and meter-out orifices are mechanically connected . The sliding spool makes the system robust and easy to control, but a number of types of losses have been produced with this kind of valve. Therefore, the conventional electro-hydraulic proportional spool valve control system provides precise motion control, but cannot achieve energy saving performance
电液比例控制阀在电液流体动力系统中广泛应用于运动控制。通常,比例控制阀采用滑动阀芯来控制通过阀的流向和流量,因此,计量孔和计量孔是机械连接的。滑动阀芯使系统坚固且易于控制,但这种阀产生了许多类型的损失。因此,传统的电液比例滑阀控制系统提供了精确的运动控制,但无法实现节能性能
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引用次数: 0
A Brief Review on Integrated Planning of the Project Scheduling and Material Procurement Problem 浅谈项目进度与物资采购问题的综合规划
Pub Date : 2017-03-23 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000162
B. Tabrizi
According to the traditional decision makings, the project scheduling and material ordering were regarded as separate problems. However, it should be noted that integrated planning of the above mentioned issues can improve the execution costs of projects to a significant extent. This improvement has been remarkably taken into consideration within the last years. Thus, the authors aim to provide the interested readers with a concise review on the corresponding problem literature, from the advent to the present, in order to investigate the evolution course. The review aims to bring out branches for further developments by addressing the liable gaps.
在传统的决策中,将项目进度和物料订购视为两个独立的问题。但需要注意的是,对上述问题进行综合规划,可以在很大程度上提高项目的执行成本。在过去几年中,这一改进得到了极大的重视。因此,作者的目的是为有兴趣的读者提供从出现到现在的相应问题文献的简要回顾,以探讨其演变过程。审查的目的是通过解决可能存在的差距,找出进一步发展的分支机构。
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引用次数: 0
Using Intelligent Robots to Assemble Automobile Parts 利用智能机器人组装汽车零部件
Pub Date : 2017-02-17 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000160
Weiwei Wan
This paper presents the available technique and discusses the difficulties to implement intelligent robots in nextgeneration automobile assembly. First, it presents the status of automobile assembly line, analyzes the problems and difficulties of current industrial robots-based assembly systems, and summarizes the technology needed to overcome the problems and difficulties. Then, it presents the new technology for intelligent assembly developed at National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), which can be directly used to implement intelligent robots for automobile assembly. Next, the paper analyzes the drawbacks of the newly developed technology and discusses remaining challenges, and presents our view of next-generation automobile assembly systems.
本文介绍了在下一代汽车装配中实现智能机器人的可行技术,并讨论了实现智能机器人的难点。首先介绍了汽车装配线的现状,分析了当前基于工业机器人的装配系统存在的问题和难点,总结了克服问题和难点所需要的技术。然后介绍了中国国家先进科学技术研究院(AIST)开发的智能装配新技术,该技术可直接用于实现汽车装配智能机器人。其次,本文分析了新开发技术的缺点和存在的挑战,并提出了我们对下一代汽车装配系统的看法。
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引用次数: 4
Application of Immersion Ultrasonic Testing For Non-Contact Quality Evaluation of Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt Welded Drive Shafts of Motor Vehicles 浸没式超声检测在汽车磁驱弧焊对接传动轴非接触质量评价中的应用
Pub Date : 2017-02-14 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000161
PaweÅ KustroÅ, M. Korzeniowski, T. Piwowarczyk, PaweÅ SokoÅowski
The article presents contemporary ultrasonic methods that can be applied to evaluate the quality of transmission drive components of motor vehicles. The issues of non-destructive analysis of discontinuities in manufactured drive shafts, consisting currently of thin-walled tubes, were investigated in this study. The driveshaft elements were joined by using innovative method called Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt Welding (MIAB). For many years, a major challenge for engineers working with ultrasonic techniques was joining of thin-walled components (having thickness below 3 mm). In addition of this limitation, the problem of variable geometry of the weld flash on the weld perimeter was highlighted. To reduce the impact of mentioned factors the pseudo-surface waves (also known as lateral waves) have been applied in this study. In order to select optimal parameters of the ultrasonic beam propagation and to understand the physical-acoustic phenomena, the Finite Elements Method modelling was performed. The phenomena of wave transformation on medium boundary and reflections from artificial flaw have been analyzed by numerical modelling. The results of numerical analysis were confirmed by UT experimental research. The manufactured MIAB welded joints were tested with using in-house made experiment set-up. The selected configurations with various shapes and dimensions of samples, and various process parameters have been investigated. The results confirm the usefulness of pseudo-surface ultrasonic waves in UT quality evaluation of MIAB welded elements of drive shafts of motor vehicles.
本文介绍了可用于评价汽车传动传动部件质量的现代超声检测方法。本文研究了目前由薄壁管组成的传动轴中不连续点的无损分析问题。传动轴元件的连接采用了一种名为磁驱动电弧对接焊(MIAB)的创新方法。多年来,使用超声波技术的工程师面临的主要挑战是薄壁部件(厚度低于3毫米)的连接。除了这一限制外,还突出了焊缝周长上焊缝闪光的可变几何问题。为了减少上述因素的影响,本研究采用了伪面波(也称为侧波)。为了选择最优的超声波束传播参数,了解超声波束的物理声现象,进行了有限元建模。通过数值模拟分析了介质边界上的波变换现象和人工缺陷反射现象。数值分析的结果得到了UT实验研究的证实。利用自制的实验装置对制造的MIAB焊接接头进行了试验。研究了不同形状和尺寸试样的结构选择以及不同的工艺参数。结果证实了伪表面超声在汽车传动轴MIAB焊接件UT质量评价中的有效性。
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引用次数: 6
Application of ultrasonic testing for quality evaluation of Magnetically Impelled Arc But Welded drive shafts of motor vehicles 超声检测在汽车磁驱弧焊传动轴质量评定中的应用
Pub Date : 2017-01-07 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.C1.006
Jinsoo Kim Jinhan Jeong Kyung Young Jhang, Jahng Hyon Park
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引用次数: 1
Effect of Magnetic Field on the Emissions of Single Cylinder Four Stroke Petrol Engine 磁场对单缸四冲程汽油机排放的影响
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000175
G. Pramodkumar, Naidu Mk, Sandeep Jv, Ramu Vasupalli, P. Lade
This paper mainly concentrates on pre-combustion process to increase fuel burning efficiency, decreases fuel consumption and to reduce exhaust pollutants. In the experiment comprises the use of permanent magnets (Neodymium) with different intensities (4000 and 8000 gauss) in the fuel flow line before the carburetor. Hydro carbon fuels are initially in Para state and cluster structure has more intermolecular force of attraction. So, it has fewer tendencies to interlock with oxygen molecules. By providing magnetic field these changes to Ortho state which has less intermolecular forces hence fuel particles are finely divided which results better atomization producing a more complete burn. It has been practically tested and for the purpose of comparing results necessitated to conduct the experiment with and without use of magnets. It was found that the percentages of exhaust components (CO2, HC and NO) are decreased by 30.57%, 97% and 36.08% respectively and carbon monoxide (CO) is increased by 30.57% at 8000 gauss. It means internal combustion engines getting maximum energy per specific volume as well as reduces pollutants to lowest possible level.
本文主要研究预燃烧过程,以提高燃油燃烧效率,降低燃油消耗,减少废气污染物。实验包括在化油器前的燃油流线上使用不同强度(4000和8000高斯)的永磁体(钕)。碳氢燃料初始处于Para态,簇状结构具有更强的分子间引力。所以,它与氧分子联锁的倾向更小。通过提供磁场,这些正位态的变化具有较小的分子间力,因此燃料颗粒被精细划分,结果更好的雾化产生更完全的燃烧。它已经过实际测试,并为了比较使用和不使用磁铁进行实验所需的结果。结果表明,在8000 gauss下,废气组分(CO2、HC和NO)的百分比分别下降了30.57%、97%和36.08%,一氧化碳(CO)的百分比增加了30.57%。这意味着内燃机获得最大的能量每单位体积,以及减少污染物到最低可能的水平。
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引用次数: 8
A Study on Microstructure Evolution of 7055 Aluminum Alloy Based Under Extreme Environment 7055铝合金在极端环境下的组织演变研究
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000173
Z. Ping, L. Yuanyuan, Wang Youqiang
In order to fill the mechanism of microstructure evolution and corrosion resistance of 7055 aluminum alloy in extreme environment, the 7055 aluminum alloy Which was subjected to T6I4 heat treatment was selected as the research object. High speed machining experiments were performed at low temperature (-60°C) and high temperature (350°C). The dislocation density, grain size, TEM microstructure and corrosion resistance of the cutting layer of 7055 aluminum alloy were investigated at low temperature (-60°C) and high temperature (350°C). The experimental results show that the dislocation density at low temperature is higher than that at high temperature under the same cutting speed and feed rate, and the grain size at low temperature is higher than that at high temperature too. In the low temperature environment, the continuous of the grain boundary is enhanced with the cutting speed increases, and the precipitation phase in the crystal is reduced and the precipitation phase on the grain boundary is obviously increased. Under the high temperature environment, with the increasing cutting speed, the degree of fibrosis of the grains is weakened and the dynamic recrystallization is obviously enhanced. Microstructures show significant dynamic recrystallization after high temperature cutting. And when the feed rate is 0.05 mm, the microstructure of 7055 aluminum alloy exists part of the sub-crystal; The larger the feed amount, the finer and longer the fibrous grains of the metallographic structure of cutting layer metal of 7055 aluminum alloy. There is a lot of dislocations in the cutting layer of 7055 aluminum alloy in low temperature environment. The higher the cutting speed, the smaller the dislocation density. No dislocations were found in the microstructure of the 7055 aluminum alloy cutting layer in the high temperature environment,and, the higher the cutting speed is, the less the number of precipitated phases is, and the GP region and η ‘phase were transformed into η phase.
为了填补7055铝合金在极端环境下的组织演变和耐腐蚀机理,选择经过T6I4热处理的7055铝合金作为研究对象。在低温(-60°C)和高温(350°C)下进行高速加工实验。研究了7055铝合金切削层在低温(-60℃)和高温(350℃)下的位错密度、晶粒尺寸、TEM显微组织和耐蚀性。实验结果表明,在相同切削速度和进给量下,低温时的位错密度大于高温时的位错密度,低温时的晶粒尺寸也大于高温时的晶粒尺寸。在低温环境下,随着切削速度的增加,晶界的连续性增强,晶体中的析出相减少,晶界上的析出相明显增加。在高温环境下,随着切削速度的增加,晶粒的纤维化程度减弱,动态再结晶明显增强。高温切削后,显微组织表现出明显的动态再结晶。而当进给量为0.05 mm时,7055铝合金组织中存在部分亚晶;进给量越大,7055铝合金切削层金属金相组织的纤维晶粒越细、越长。7055铝合金在低温环境下,切削层中存在大量位错。切削速度越快,位错密度越小。7055铝合金在高温环境下,切削层组织中未发现位错,切削速度越快,析出相数量越少,GP区和η′相转变为η相。
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引用次数: 2
Prioritizing Sensor Performance Characteristics for Automotive Seat Weight Sensors in Quality Function Deployment (QFD) 质量功能展开(QFD)中汽车座椅重量传感器性能特征的优先排序
Pub Date : 2016-12-30 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000153
Derya Haroglu, N. Powell, A. Seyam
Quality function deployment (QFD), a key tool to convert the customer needs into product features, is generally integrated into the New Product Development (NPD) process at the design stage. Prioritizing customer needs in a QFD process leads to using the resources (time, money, and staffing) effectively by eliminating the unimportant customer needs. The overall goal of the research was to develop a textile-based optical fiber sensor for automotive seat occupancy. The findings of this paper were focused on the design of experiments in our previous publication. In this paper, a research study was conducted to better understand market demands in terms of sensor performance characteristics for automotive seat weight sensors, as a part of the QFD House of Quality (HOQ) analysis. A survey was sent to more than 20 companies operating in the field of automotive seat weight sensors, and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) via e-mail. Only five companies participated in this study due to competitive concerns and confidentiality reasons. However, the companies responded to the survey were of quality relevant to the research and could be perceived as representative of the group of experts. All 5 companies participated in the survey agreed on the first 5 most important sensor characteristics: reproducibility, accuracy, selectivity, aging, and resolution, where The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to prioritize the sensor characteristics.
质量功能部署(QFD)是将客户需求转化为产品特性的关键工具,通常在设计阶段就被集成到新产品开发(NPD)过程中。在QFD过程中对客户需求进行优先排序,通过消除不重要的客户需求,可以有效地利用资源(时间、金钱和人员)。研究的总体目标是开发一种基于纺织品的汽车座椅占用光纤传感器。本文的发现集中在我们之前发表的实验设计上。本文进行了一项研究,以更好地了解汽车座椅重量传感器在传感器性能特征方面的市场需求,作为QFD质量屋(HOQ)分析的一部分。通过电子邮件向从事汽车座椅重量传感器领域的20多家公司和原始设备制造商(OEM)发送了调查问卷。由于竞争和保密的原因,只有五家公司参与了这项研究。然而,对调查作出回应的公司是与研究相关的质量,可以被视为专家组的代表。所有参与调查的5家公司都同意前5个最重要的传感器特性:再现性、准确性、选择性、老化和分辨率,其中层次分析法(AHP)应用于传感器特性的优先级。
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引用次数: 3
On the Possibilities of Using Alternative Fuels in ICE Powered Lawn Mowers and Tractors to Meet Phase III Emissions Standards 关于在内燃机驱动的割草机和拖拉机中使用替代燃料以满足第三阶段排放标准的可能性
Pub Date : 2016-12-24 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000155
E. Ubong
There is a need to use alternative fuels in Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) powered lawn care equipment used around residential, office and reserved areas. This will enable this equipment to meet Phase III emissions standards set by the Environmental Protection Agency. One method of reducing emissions from trimmers, lawn mowers, tractors and blowers is to use alcohol fuels in the next generation of ICE powered devices and also, to make it adaptable to operate on flex-fuels. These devices are not only a great source of noise pollution, they are also a major source of hydrocarbon, NOx and CO emissions in the residential neighbourhood from spring to the fall seasons, hence, the need to mandate the use of alcohol and flex fuels to lowers emissions. These changes will require a slight modification of the engine, by way of increasing the compression ratio on one hand, and modifying the fuel system: tank, fuel lines, and fuel dispensing system (carburetor) to meet flex-fuel requirements. This proposed engine modification will meet Phase 3 emissions standards as alcohol fuels possess superior combustion characteristics and lower emissions.
在住宅、办公室和保留区域周围使用的内燃机(ICE)动力草坪护理设备需要使用替代燃料。这将使该设备达到环境保护署制定的第三阶段排放标准。减少修剪机、割草机、拖拉机和风机排放的一种方法是在下一代内燃机驱动设备中使用酒精燃料,同时使其适应使用灵活燃料。这些设备不仅是噪音污染的主要来源,也是春季到秋季居民区碳氢化合物、氮氧化物和一氧化碳排放的主要来源,因此,需要强制使用酒精和柔性燃料来降低排放。这些变化将需要对发动机进行轻微的修改,一方面增加压缩比,另一方面修改燃油系统:油箱、燃油管路和燃油分配系统(化油器),以满足灵活燃料的要求。由于酒精燃料具有更好的燃烧特性和更低的排放,因此提议的发动机改装将满足第三阶段的排放标准。
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引用次数: 0
Electric Vehicles and Driving Range Extension – A Literature Review. 电动汽车与续驶里程扩展——文献综述。
Pub Date : 2016-12-21 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000154
Deepa Chandran, M. Joshi
Electric vehicles are gaining popularity due to their low carbon footprint and ease of integration with renewable energy. They are an important element in the smart grid ecosystem. Increasing the driving range of storage driven electric vehicles is the biggest challenge facing the light weight electric vehicle industry. A literature review has been performed to identify various techniques to improve the driving range. Various methods of driving range improvement such as new storage topologies, switching techniques, motor configurations are studied. A new quantitative measure called as impact factor has been derived to see the effect of each technique on the driving range. Impact factor for different methods has been calculated. It is shown that increasing the storage capacity has the highest impact factor on the driving range.
电动汽车因其低碳足迹和易于与可再生能源相结合而越来越受欢迎。它们是智能电网生态系统的重要组成部分。提高储能电动汽车的续驶里程是轻型电动汽车行业面临的最大挑战。一项文献综述已被执行,以确定各种技术,以提高驾驶范围。研究了各种改进续驶里程的方法,如新的存储拓扑、开关技术、电机配置。我们推导出了一种新的定量测量方法,称为影响因子,以衡量每种技术对练习场的影响。计算了不同方法的影响因子。结果表明,增大存储容量对行驶里程的影响最大。
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引用次数: 10
期刊
Advances in Automobile Engineering
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