Pub Date : 2016-10-11DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000152
E. Kuroda, Masaru Yano, M. Akai, M. Sasaki
For the measurement of fuel consumption of fuel cell vehicles (FCV), ISO 23828 and SAE J2572 standards recommend three methods, the gravimetric, pressure and flow methods. These methods can measure with a high accuracy and have proven its practicability in the fuel economy test, but require the test vehicle to be modified to supply hydrogen from an external, rather than the on-board fuel tank. As these vehicle modifications necessitate technical assistance of the vehicle manufacturer, a simpler no-modification method such as the carbon balance method for gasoline- and diesel-fuelled vehicles is desired. Therefore, the authors have developed new method using only FCV exhaust emissions. This paper describes the principles behind the new method as well as test equipment and results, influence factors in error and issues. As a result, its real-time fuel consumption measurement characteristics were improved by reducing the volume of the gas sampling system and by correcting the time lag in oxygen concentration analysis. Error of the new method was from -3% to +1% as compared with the flow method for the fuel cell system operating in JC08 test cycle.
{"title":"An Oxygen Balance Method: Fuel Consumption Measurement for Fuel Cell Vehicles based on Exhaust Emissions with No Vehicle Modification","authors":"E. Kuroda, Masaru Yano, M. Akai, M. Sasaki","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000152","url":null,"abstract":"For the measurement of fuel consumption of fuel cell vehicles (FCV), ISO 23828 and SAE J2572 standards recommend three methods, the gravimetric, pressure and flow methods. These methods can measure with a high accuracy and have proven its practicability in the fuel economy test, but require the test vehicle to be modified to supply hydrogen from an external, rather than the on-board fuel tank. As these vehicle modifications necessitate technical assistance of the vehicle manufacturer, a simpler no-modification method such as the carbon balance method for gasoline- and diesel-fuelled vehicles is desired. Therefore, the authors have developed new method using only FCV exhaust emissions. This paper describes the principles behind the new method as well as test equipment and results, influence factors in error and issues. As a result, its real-time fuel consumption measurement characteristics were improved by reducing the volume of the gas sampling system and by correcting the time lag in oxygen concentration analysis. Error of the new method was from -3% to +1% as compared with the flow method for the fuel cell system operating in JC08 test cycle.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88832568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-05DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000151
Ohwojero Chamberlain
The emission of carbon monoxide CO from automobiles has caused hazard to human health. Human beings are faced with health challenges as they breathe air in their living environment. The breathing in of carbon monoxide has caused reduction of oxygen in take by man; because when carbon monoxide is breathed into the lungs, it sticks to the haemoglobin thereby preventing oxygen flow. This affects the transportation of oxygen by the blood which causes suffocation in man. The cluster of automobiles on roads and streets globally has posed health challenge. Hence this research is focused on finding solution to the effect of carbon monoxide CO on human health. To carry out this study the researcher used two automobiles that have different type of exhaust system. The researcher exposed four English rabbits to the two different exhaust systems in different rooms together with white fabrics in each of the rooms for one week to check for level of carbon deposits on the white fabrics after one week of the experiment. Observations were made in respect to body temperature, weight, nasal discharge, vomiting rate and feeding habits of the four rabbits used in the experiment. Findings were discussed based on observations as shown on records and recommendations were made to guide the researcher in making conclusion.
{"title":"Carbon-Monoxide (CO): A Poisonous Gas Emitted from Automobiles, Its Effect on Human Health","authors":"Ohwojero Chamberlain","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000151","url":null,"abstract":"The emission of carbon monoxide CO from automobiles has caused hazard to human health. Human beings are faced with health challenges as they breathe air in their living environment. The breathing in of carbon monoxide has caused reduction of oxygen in take by man; because when carbon monoxide is breathed into the lungs, it sticks to the haemoglobin thereby preventing oxygen flow. This affects the transportation of oxygen by the blood which causes suffocation in man. The cluster of automobiles on roads and streets globally has posed health challenge. Hence this research is focused on finding solution to the effect of carbon monoxide CO on human health. To carry out this study the researcher used two automobiles that have different type of exhaust system. The researcher exposed four English rabbits to the two different exhaust systems in different rooms together with white fabrics in each of the rooms for one week to check for level of carbon deposits on the white fabrics after one week of the experiment. Observations were made in respect to body temperature, weight, nasal discharge, vomiting rate and feeding habits of the four rabbits used in the experiment. Findings were discussed based on observations as shown on records and recommendations were made to guide the researcher in making conclusion.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77067040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-30DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000150
T. Isk, A. Mohamad, A. Rasid
This paper describes an improvement of full-load performance of an internal combustion engine using Adaptive Valve Lift And Timing Mechanism (AVLT). AVLT enables engine power improvement by increasing valve timing and lift at high engine speed and load operating regions. It utilizes engine fluids pressure difference with respect to engine speed to actuate the AVLT mechanism which will make the valve lift higher and longer duration at higher engine speed and loads. Since engine speed and load can be linearly correlated to these pressures, a mechanical sliding arm valve actuation mechanism is constructed based on their transient behavior. Therefore, a continuously dynamic valve lift profile with respect to engine speed can be achieved to increase brake power of the engine. Dynamics analysis performed using MSC Adam software showed that tappet translation increased by 32% from 9.09 mm to 12.01 mm by varying translational skate position between 0o and 10o. The results from this simulation are then set as intake valve profile in Lotus Engineering software simulation. With AVLT, brake power at speed between 5000 and 6500 rpm increased between 2% to 7%. Maximum torque improvement was realized at 7000 rpm while BSFC was reduced by up to 2% at 7000 rpm. The increased in brake power and torque are direct results from volumetric efficiency linear improvement between 1.5 and 6% at speed range of 5000 to 7000 rpm.
{"title":"Improvement of Full-Load Performance of an Automotive Engine Using Adaptive Valve Lift and Timing Mechanism","authors":"T. Isk, A. Mohamad, A. Rasid","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000150","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an improvement of full-load performance of an internal combustion engine using Adaptive Valve Lift And Timing Mechanism (AVLT). AVLT enables engine power improvement by increasing valve timing and lift at high engine speed and load operating regions. It utilizes engine fluids pressure difference with respect to engine speed to actuate the AVLT mechanism which will make the valve lift higher and longer duration at higher engine speed and loads. Since engine speed and load can be linearly correlated to these pressures, a mechanical sliding arm valve actuation mechanism is constructed based on their transient behavior. Therefore, a continuously dynamic valve lift profile with respect to engine speed can be achieved to increase brake power of the engine. Dynamics analysis performed using MSC Adam software showed that tappet translation increased by 32% from 9.09 mm to 12.01 mm by varying translational skate position between 0o and 10o. The results from this simulation are then set as intake valve profile in Lotus Engineering software simulation. With AVLT, brake power at speed between 5000 and 6500 rpm increased between 2% to 7%. Maximum torque improvement was realized at 7000 rpm while BSFC was reduced by up to 2% at 7000 rpm. The increased in brake power and torque are direct results from volumetric efficiency linear improvement between 1.5 and 6% at speed range of 5000 to 7000 rpm.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76870583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-09DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000157
M. SubrataKumar, A. Maity, A. Prasad, S. Karmakar, P. Maji
Now-a-days, in an industrial growth, cost and quality production in time as well as quality improvement are of major interest in engineering design. Therefore, in order to make a decision as early as possible and according to the product specifications, mechanical analysis is used more and more, and earlier and earlier in the engineering process. Then, a multitude of mechanical models are elaborated during engineering design, and management difficulties appear with engineering changes or evolution of specifications. Moreover, when the designer is faced with design or modelling options, previous analysis could answer the choice of options for decision making. Then, the reuse of a previous analysis must be envisaged. The paper presented the aim and the different use of mechanical analysis in engineering design. Afterwards, different levels of models handled by the designer during the engineering process are proposed. The present case study will show the utilization of engineering design through 3D CAD at the concept design stage of a highly complicated shaped product for a new system.
{"title":"Engineering Design at Concept Stage for a Front Axle Design â A CaseStudy","authors":"M. SubrataKumar, A. Maity, A. Prasad, S. Karmakar, P. Maji","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000157","url":null,"abstract":"Now-a-days, in an industrial growth, cost and quality production in time as well as quality improvement are of \u0000 major interest in engineering design. Therefore, in order to make a decision as early as possible and according to \u0000 the product specifications, mechanical analysis is used more and more, and earlier and earlier in the engineering \u0000 process. Then, a multitude of mechanical models are elaborated during engineering design, and management \u0000 difficulties appear with engineering changes or evolution of specifications. Moreover, when the designer is faced \u0000 with design or modelling options, previous analysis could answer the choice of options for decision making. Then, \u0000 the reuse of a previous analysis must be envisaged. \u0000The paper presented the aim and the different use of mechanical analysis in engineering design. Afterwards, \u0000 different levels of models handled by the designer during the engineering process are proposed. The present \u0000 case study will show the utilization of engineering design through 3D CAD at the concept design stage of a highly \u0000 complicated shaped product for a new system.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90294821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-09DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000158
G. Tüccar, Erinç Uludamar, Kadir Aydın
Diesel fuel is injected into the combustion chamber by the use of injectors. Atomization process is characterized by directing extremely pressurized fuel into the injector orifices in modern injectors. However, this high pressure level, which exceed 1300 bars in some cases, causes cavitation before discharge nozzle and results in mechanical wear. In air assisted atomizers, pressured air is utilized for atomization. This type of injectors eliminates cavitation erosion by reducing injection pressure and they create finer spray geometry. Mixing process of air and fuel has a vital importance since it directly affects level of atomization in air assisted atomizers. Therefore the aim of this study was determine influence of different inlet port geometries on flow characteristics of a specially designed diesel injector which is developed for diesel fuel atomization, by using computational fluid dynamics techniques.
{"title":"Optimization of Fuel Inlet Port Geometry of an Air Assisted Diesel Injector","authors":"G. Tüccar, Erinç Uludamar, Kadir Aydın","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000158","url":null,"abstract":"Diesel fuel is injected into the combustion chamber by the use of injectors. Atomization process is characterized \u0000 by directing extremely pressurized fuel into the injector orifices in modern injectors. However, this high pressure \u0000 level, which exceed 1300 bars in some cases, causes cavitation before discharge nozzle and results in mechanical \u0000 wear. In air assisted atomizers, pressured air is utilized for atomization. This type of injectors eliminates cavitation \u0000 erosion by reducing injection pressure and they create finer spray geometry. Mixing process of air and fuel has a vital \u0000 importance since it directly affects level of atomization in air assisted atomizers. Therefore the aim of this study was \u0000 determine influence of different inlet port geometries on flow characteristics of a specially designed diesel injector \u0000 which is developed for diesel fuel atomization, by using computational fluid dynamics techniques.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90191720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-08DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000156
B. Allaoua, B. Mébarki
Managing the power flow from a dedicated energy source to power the wheels of a motor propulsion system is important to ensure proper operation the displacement of an Electric Vehicle (EV). Is used for our energy source a hybrid system consisting of a Fuel Cell Proton Exchange Membrane (FCPEM) associated with a super-capacitor battery for high power applications connected through DC-DC converters associated with these sources. After a presentation of the architecture of hybrid energy source for our EV, two parallel-type configurations are explored in more detail. For each of them, from a control strategy for effective management of energy flows, validated simulation shows the performance obtained for the traction. The management of hybrid energy source in our VE is based primarily on the intervention of the super-capacitor battery in fugitives schemes such as slopes, speeding and rapid acceleration. Secondly, the steady state of the fuel cell intervenes only to ensure the propulsion system power in permanent regime. Finally, a case study considering energy management for an electric vehicle are presented, illustrating the benefits of hybrid energy sources in terms of EV range. The models can be applied to other vehicles and driving regimes.
{"title":"Hybrid Energy Source Management Composed of a Fuel Cell and Super-Capacitor for an Electric Vehicle","authors":"B. Allaoua, B. Mébarki","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000156","url":null,"abstract":"Managing the power flow from a dedicated energy source to power the wheels of a motor propulsion system is \u0000 important to ensure proper operation the displacement of an Electric Vehicle (EV). Is used for our energy source a \u0000 hybrid system consisting of a Fuel Cell Proton Exchange Membrane (FCPEM) associated with a super-capacitor \u0000 battery for high power applications connected through DC-DC converters associated with these sources. After a \u0000 presentation of the architecture of hybrid energy source for our EV, two parallel-type configurations are explored in \u0000 more detail. For each of them, from a control strategy for effective management of energy flows, validated simulation shows the performance obtained for the traction. The management of hybrid energy source in our VE is based \u0000 primarily on the intervention of the super-capacitor battery in fugitives schemes such as slopes, speeding and rapid \u0000 acceleration. Secondly, the steady state of the fuel cell intervenes only to ensure the propulsion system power in \u0000 permanent regime. Finally, a case study considering energy management for an electric vehicle are presented, \u0000 illustrating the benefits of hybrid energy sources in terms of EV range. The models can be applied to other vehicles \u0000 and driving regimes.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85839397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-07DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000159
A. F. M. Moshiur Rahman
A Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation (MMAE) based approach of fault diagnosis for Li-Ion battery is illustrated in this paper. Electrochemical modelling approach is integrated with MMAE for fault diagnosis. This real physics based model of Li-ion battery (with Li-Co-O2 cathode chemistry) with nominal model parameters is considered as the healthy battery model. Battery fault conditions such as aging, overcharge and over discharge causes significant variations of parameters from nominal values and can be considered as separate models. Output error injection based Partial Differential Algebraic Equation (PDAE) observers are used to generate the residual voltage signals. These residuals are then used in MMAE algorithm to detect the ongoing fault conditions of the battery. Simulation results show that the fault conditions can be detected and identified accurately which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed battery fault detection method.
{"title":"Electrochemical model based fault diagnosis of lithium ion battery","authors":"A. F. M. Moshiur Rahman","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000159","url":null,"abstract":"A Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation (MMAE) based approach of fault diagnosis for Li-Ion battery is illustrated in this paper. Electrochemical modelling approach is integrated with MMAE for fault diagnosis. This real physics based model of Li-ion battery (with Li-Co-O2 cathode chemistry) with nominal model parameters is considered as the healthy battery model. Battery fault conditions such as aging, overcharge and over discharge causes significant variations of parameters from nominal values and can be considered as separate models. Output error injection based Partial Differential Algebraic Equation (PDAE) observers are used to generate the residual voltage signals. These residuals are then used in MMAE algorithm to detect the ongoing fault conditions of the battery. Simulation results show that the fault conditions can be detected and identified accurately which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed battery fault detection method.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87285891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-08DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000146
K. Rt, S. Rao
Variable Compression Ratio engine test rig is used to determine the effect of compression Ratio on the performance and emissions of the engine. The objective is to determine the optimum compression ratio for the better performance and lowering the emissions. In order to determine the optimum compression ratio, experiments were carried out on a single cylinder four stroke variable compression ratios of 16.5, 17.0, 17.5, 18.0 and 19.0 in a Diesel engine. The performance characteristics of the engine namely break power, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and other parameters are studied and also conducted the emissions test namely Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides and other emissions at various conditions. It is observed that a significant improvement in the performances and lowered the various emissions also at a compression ratio of 17.0 compared to other compression ratios due to the enhancement of the overall combustion process.
{"title":"Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Variable Compression Ignition Engine","authors":"K. Rt, S. Rao","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000146","url":null,"abstract":"Variable Compression Ratio engine test rig is used to determine the effect of compression Ratio on the performance and emissions of the engine. The objective is to determine the optimum compression ratio for the better performance and lowering the emissions. In order to determine the optimum compression ratio, experiments were carried out on a single cylinder four stroke variable compression ratios of 16.5, 17.0, 17.5, 18.0 and 19.0 in a Diesel engine. The performance characteristics of the engine namely break power, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and other parameters are studied and also conducted the emissions test namely Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides and other emissions at various conditions. It is observed that a significant improvement in the performances and lowered the various emissions also at a compression ratio of 17.0 compared to other compression ratios due to the enhancement of the overall combustion process.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81183015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-04DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000149
S. Sameer, P. Vijayabalan, Rajadurai Ms
Carbon dioxide is a major cause of natural calamities and changes in climatic conditions. Of all the sources of emission, the amount of carbon dioxide from automobiles is approximately 65%, which is more than any other sources of emissions. Raise in carbon dioxide content in atmosphere is causing global warming which is evolved from greenhouse gases. To reduce the emission and control of carbon dioxide percentage in atmosphere form automobiles, theoretical and practical methods of adsorption of carbon dioxide using activated charcoal (carbon) in diesel operated engines is conducted. Charcoal is one of the best adsorption material due to its high pours valve and capture capacity, when reacted with other reagents in order of activation, it increases its adsorption capacity than that of regular charcoal. In this project the activation of charcoal is steam activation. The amount of carbon dioxide exhausted from diesel engine in ideal condition and after the reactor chamber is added to the exhaust system the content of carbon dioxide is controlled up to 9.266%.
{"title":"Control of Carbon Dioxide and other Emissions from Diesel Operated Engines using Activated Charcoal","authors":"S. Sameer, P. Vijayabalan, Rajadurai Ms","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000149","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon dioxide is a major cause of natural calamities and changes in climatic conditions. Of all the sources of emission, the amount of carbon dioxide from automobiles is approximately 65%, which is more than any other sources of emissions. Raise in carbon dioxide content in atmosphere is causing global warming which is evolved from greenhouse gases. To reduce the emission and control of carbon dioxide percentage in atmosphere form automobiles, theoretical and practical methods of adsorption of carbon dioxide using activated charcoal (carbon) in diesel operated engines is conducted. Charcoal is one of the best adsorption material due to its high pours valve and capture capacity, when reacted with other reagents in order of activation, it increases its adsorption capacity than that of regular charcoal. In this project the activation of charcoal is steam activation. The amount of carbon dioxide exhausted from diesel engine in ideal condition and after the reactor chamber is added to the exhaust system the content of carbon dioxide is controlled up to 9.266%.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84216616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-04DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000147
K. K
In the recent years there has been a tremendous advancement in the autonomous sector resulting in development of autonomous car or driverless cars. The research paper focuses on features of this car and on its practical implementation in developing countries. The points taken into account include issues for its implementation in developing countries as they differ from that of developed countries. The paper includes security features of the car, the problems faced due to the geographical conditions among various areas as well as cultural background (social issues), high speed internet connectivity, fully mapped global terrain, ability to fetch real time traffic data through internet, non-availability of standardized road network and weather interference are the key issues that will be reviewed and their solutions suggested in this paper.
{"title":"Navigating a Driverless World","authors":"K. K","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000147","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent years there has been a tremendous advancement in the autonomous sector resulting in development of autonomous car or driverless cars. The research paper focuses on features of this car and on its practical implementation in developing countries. The points taken into account include issues for its implementation in developing countries as they differ from that of developed countries. The paper includes security features of the car, the problems faced due to the geographical conditions among various areas as well as cultural background (social issues), high speed internet connectivity, fully mapped global terrain, ability to fetch real time traffic data through internet, non-availability of standardized road network and weather interference are the key issues that will be reviewed and their solutions suggested in this paper.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83877676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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