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Traffic Analysis in Rural/Urban Area Using VANET Routing Protocols 基于VANET路由协议的城乡交通分析
Pub Date : 2016-01-25 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.S1-004
A. Nawaz, A. Sattar
Mobile ad hoc network has a subtype which is known as vehicular ad hoc network. It is useful for the communication among the vehicles and road side infrastructure. These days for the quality and deficiency of transportation system intelligent transportation system ITS is playing a great role. Whenever we talk about the implementation of a secure and luxury vehicular ad hoc network, vehicle will have to query data from any other vehicle via multihop infrastructure. When data moves in vehicular ad hoc network it has to face many interruptions due to lot of mobility and linked networks. In this paper following protocols are studied and comparison is performed on AODV, DSDV and DSR. The research is performed on both rural and urban areas. Analysis id performed on the basis of data drop, vehicles density, throughput and end to end delay.it is analyzed from the obtained results that in form of low packet drop and high throughput DSR give better results as compared to AODV and DSDV in rural areas and AODV gives good performance in comparison to DSR in environment of low density.
移动自组网有一种子类型,称为车载自组网。它有助于车辆与道路侧基础设施之间的通信。目前对于交通系统的质量和不足,智能交通系统ITS正在发挥着巨大的作用。每当我们谈到安全豪华车辆自组织网络的实现时,车辆将不得不通过多跳基础设施从任何其他车辆查询数据。当数据在车载自组网中传输时,由于大量的移动性和网络连接,数据传输必须面临许多中断。本文对以下协议进行了研究,并对AODV、DSDV和DSR进行了比较。这项研究是在农村和城市地区进行的。根据数据丢失、车辆密度、吞吐量和端到端延迟进行分析。从获得的结果分析,在低丢包和高吞吐量的情况下,DSR在农村地区的表现优于AODV和DSDV,在低密度环境下,AODV的表现优于DSR。
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引用次数: 3
Initial Instability of Rear-Wheel Braking on Cars 汽车后轮制动的初始不稳定性
Pub Date : 2016-01-23 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.S1-001
Z. Banjac
The problem of initial instability of rear-wheel braking on cars is presented in this paper. The analysis of the braking transient process was performed, with computer simulation of the two different cases of wheel suspension: an existing one and a new proposed concept. Presented below is the behaviour of the rear wheels during braking, where the force of the wheel pressing the ground surface appears as a key parameter. The conclusion is that the existing concept, with backward oriented oscillating suspension arm, has a natural imperfection as regards a quality of adhesion of the wheel with the ground surface. The new proposed concept of the wheel suspension is given. The result of analysis shows that the natural stability of braking could be improved with the new concept, independently of existence of ABS (anti-lock braking system) on the car.
本文研究了汽车后轮制动的初始不稳定性问题。通过对已有的悬架和新提出的悬架两种不同情况的计算机仿真,对制动瞬态过程进行了分析。下面展示的是后轮在制动过程中的行为,其中车轮压在地面上的力是一个关键参数。结论是,现有的概念,与向后定向振荡悬挂臂,有一个自然的缺陷,就质量的附着力与地面的车轮。提出了车轮悬架的新概念。分析结果表明,在不依赖于汽车防抱死制动系统的情况下,新概念可以提高汽车制动的自然稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
How can Acoustic Emission Signals be Used in Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis of Diesel Engine Condition 声发射信号如何应用于柴油机状态监测与诊断
Pub Date : 2016-01-23 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.S1-002
Tan Acc
Acoustic emission (AE) technique has recently been extensively used in machine health monitoring and diagnosis of diesel engine. Although it offers many advantages for early detection of fault symptoms, it also comes with many challenging problems. Due to its operation in high frequency range (stress waves), from a few kHz to MHz, it poses a problem of massive data storage and transmission. Furthermore, the non-linearity of AE sensors is also another challenge as it does not provide any quantitative/comparative analysis if multiple sensors are used, such in multi-cylinder diesel engine. Hence, this short paper will present the work carried out in the author’s laboratory by introducing a simple and innovative data reduction process termed as Peak Hold down Sampling (PHDS) and a normalization approach for diagnosis of diesel engine.
近年来,声发射技术在柴油机机械健康监测与诊断中得到了广泛的应用。尽管它为早期检测故障症状提供了许多优点,但它也带来了许多具有挑战性的问题。由于其工作在从几千赫到兆赫的高频(应力波)范围内,给大量数据的存储和传输带来了问题。此外,声发射传感器的非线性也是另一个挑战,因为如果使用多个传感器,例如在多缸柴油发动机中,它无法提供任何定量/比较分析。因此,这篇简短的文章将介绍在作者的实验室进行的工作,通过介绍一个简单和创新的数据减少过程,称为峰值保持采样(PHDS)和柴油机诊断的规范化方法。
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引用次数: 5
Effectiveness Comparison of Range Estimator for Battery Electric Vehicles 纯电动汽车里程估计器的有效性比较
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-0557-2_80
K. W. Chew, Y. Yong
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引用次数: 7
Effects of Initial SOC of 270-Volt Battery on Operating Performance of Gasoline Engine and Electric motor in a Parallel Hybrid Vehicle under IM240 Driving Cycle Mode IM240循环模式下270伏电池初始荷电状态对并联混合动力汽车汽油机和电动机运行性能的影响
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.S1-008
Jin Su Kim, Ju Whan Kim, J. Jeong, S. Jeong, Jin Wook Lee
Next-generation vehicles are under energy and environmental pressure to increase fuel economy and reduce emissions of green-house-gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide, which is the main cause of global warming, while maintaining the performance and drivability characteristics of conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) automobiles. So, hybridization of both conventional ICE and electric motor powertrain systems hold great promise for environmentally friendly vehicles (EFV) to meet stringent CO2 regulation and fuel economy requirements. This paper presents the effects of the initial state of charge (SOC) stored in the vehicle’s battery on tractive propulsion characteristics as vehicle drivability performance that is obtained from both ICE and an electric motor simultaneously. Especially, the battery management system (BMS) plays a key role in a hybridized system based on an electric device. And a regenerative braking system recovers kinetic energy from braking and uses it to recharge the battery. In this study, in order to investigate the effects of various initial SOCs in a parallel hybrid gasoline-electric vehicle (HEV), an experiment was carried out on a vehicle chassis dynamometer with IM240 vehicle driving mode and a CAN protocol analyzer to collect data from a full HEV. A unique hybrid electric signal processor was designed to monitor the operational state of the ICE including fuel injection duration, hybrid starter-generator (HSG) and propulsion motor which depend on the initial SOC. The amount of energy recovered through the regenerative braking system was measured to investigate the collect rates of currents. The results show that the initial SOC stored in the battery causes big differences in the electric current balance in hybrid operating mode, and that careful coordination of ICE and motor is necessary to achieve vehicle propulsion capacity as well as to maintain the battery SOC at a reasonable level.
下一代汽车面临着能源和环境压力,需要在保持传统内燃机(ICE)汽车性能和驾驶特性的同时,提高燃油经济性,减少二氧化碳等温室气体(GHG)的排放。二氧化碳是全球变暖的主要原因。因此,传统内燃机和电动马达动力系统的混合动力系统对环保汽车(EFV)具有很大的前景,可以满足严格的二氧化碳排放法规和燃油经济性要求。本文介绍了存储在车辆电池中的初始充电状态(SOC)对牵引推进特性的影响,该特性是由内燃机和电动机同时获得的车辆驾驶性能。其中,电池管理系统(BMS)在基于电动装置的混合动力系统中起着关键作用。再生制动系统从制动中回收动能并利用它为电池充电。为了研究不同初始soc对并联油电混合动力汽车(HEV)性能的影响,在IM240车辆驾驶模式下的汽车底盘测功机和CAN协议分析仪上进行了实验,采集了全HEV的数据。设计了一个独特的混合电信号处理器来监控ICE的运行状态,包括燃油喷射持续时间、混合启动-发电机(HSG)和推进电机,这些都取决于初始SOC。测量了通过再生制动系统回收的能量,以研究电流的收集率。结果表明,混合动力工况下,蓄电池初始荷电状态会对电流平衡产生较大影响,内燃机与电机的协调是实现车辆推进能力的必要条件,同时也需要将蓄电池荷电状态维持在合理的水平。
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引用次数: 0
Thermodynamic cycle analysis of Mobile Air Conditioning system using HFO-1234yf as an alternative replacement of HFC-134a HFO-1234yf替代HFC-134a移动空调系统热力循环分析
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000129
Jignesh Gohel, R. Kapadia
This paper presents thermodynamic cycle analysis of mobile air conditioning system using HFO1234yf as alternative replacement for HFC-134a. Under a wide range of working conditions (Varying Condensing temperature, Evaporating temperature, Sub cooling and sub heating with Internal heat exchanger (IHX) and without internal heat exchanger) on simple vapor compression system, we compare the energy performance of both refrigerants - R134a and HFO1234yf. Result shows that without using an Internal heat exchanger, At lower condensing temperature (35oC), Mass flow rate increases about 27-32%, refrigerating effect decreases 22-25%, co mpressor work increases 4-6% and COP decreases about 3-5%. While at higher condensing temperature (55oC), mass flow rate increases about 35-42%, refrigerating capacity decreases 27-30%, and compressor work increases 8-13% and COP decreases 7-10%. Using an internal heat exchanger (IHX), these differences in the energy performance are significantly reduced. At lower condensing temperature (35oC), mass flow rate decreases about 18-22%, refrigerating capacity decreases 15-18%, compressor work increases 1-3% and COP decreases about 2-3% and At higher condensing temperature (55oC), mass flow rate decreases 23-28%, refrigerating capacity decreases 18-22%, compressor work increases 5-8% and COP decreases about 4-7%. The energy performance parameters of HFO1234yf are close to those obtained with HFC-134a at Low condensing temperature and making use of an IHX. Even though the values of performance parameters for HFO1234yf are smaller than that of HFC-134a, but difference is small so it can be a good alternative to HFC-134a because of its environmental friendly properties with introducing IHX.
本文对HFO1234yf作为HFC-134a替代材料的移动空调系统进行了热力循环分析。在简单蒸汽压缩系统的多种工况下(不同的冷凝温度、蒸发温度、带内热交换器(IHX)和不带内热交换器),对R134a和HFO1234yf两种制冷剂的能量性能进行了比较。结果表明,在较低的冷凝温度(35℃)下,无内换热时,质量流量增加约27-32%,制冷效果降低22-25%,压缩机功增加4-6%,COP降低约3-5%。在较高的冷凝温度(55℃)下,质量流量增加35 ~ 42%,制冷量减少27 ~ 30%,压缩机功增加8 ~ 13%,COP降低7 ~ 10%。使用内部热交换器(IHX),这些差异在能源性能显著减少。在较低的冷凝温度(35℃)下,质量流量下降约18-22%,制冷量下降15-18%,压缩机功增加1-3%,COP下降约2-3%;在较高的冷凝温度(55℃)下,质量流量下降23-28%,制冷量下降18-22%,压缩机功增加5-8%,COP下降约4-7%。HFO1234yf的能量性能参数与HFC-134a在低冷凝温度下使用IHX获得的能量性能参数接近。虽然HFO1234yf的性能参数值比HFC-134a小,但由于其引入IHX后的环保性,可以很好地替代HFC-134a。
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引用次数: 4
Development of the KIIRA EV SMACK Master Controller Logic KIIRA EV SMACK主控制器逻辑的开发
Pub Date : 2015-12-31 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000127
Pauline Korukundo
The growth in number and complexity of controlled electrical sub systems in the modern car has created a need for centralized information interchange point. The master controller provides this centralized unit. It interacts with all other networked control electronics to control the dynamic driving demands. In a hybrid vehicle, the master controller not only provides a communication interface, but also an efficient energy management, coordination and performance during the various vehicle-specific drive cycles. The control complexity at the master control unit is greater in the hybrid car because of the extra energy resources integrated into the vehicle. This work presents the design, implementation and testing of the Kiira EV SMACK vehicle master control unit. In the Kiira EV SMACK, the master controller oversees the human machine interfaces, low voltage electronics, the motor and generator controllers, battery management and thermal management systems. A model based design approach was followed to implement the controller logic for initiation of startup of the low level controllers and implementation of a power source switching strategy. The switching strategy is based on speed demands and available energy resources (battery state of charge and fuel capacity).
现代汽车中受控电气子系统的数量和复杂性的增长产生了对集中信息交换点的需求。主控制器提供这个集中单元。它与所有其他联网控制电子设备相互作用,以控制动态驾驶需求。在混合动力汽车中,主控制器不仅提供通信接口,而且在车辆特定的各个行驶周期中提供高效的能量管理、协调和性能。在混合动力汽车中,主控制单元的控制复杂性更大,因为额外的能量资源集成到车辆中。本文介绍了Kiira EV SMACK车辆主控制单元的设计、实现和测试。在Kiira EV SMACK中,主控制器监督人机界面,低压电子设备,电机和发电机控制器,电池管理和热管理系统。采用基于模型的设计方法实现了控制器逻辑,实现了低电平控制器的启动启动和电源切换策略。切换策略基于速度需求和可用能源(电池充电状态和燃料容量)。
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引用次数: 2
System for the Evaluation and Classification of Imperfections in AutoBodywork 汽车车身缺陷评定与分类系统
Pub Date : 2015-12-23 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000126
R. Barber
Quality aspects are more important every day, since they have a major impact on the final product. The automobile industry is not unaware of this fact, being an important issue of the car’s sheet quality analysis. Nowadays, most of the systems for quality analysis are implemented outside the production line and are performed manually. In this work, an autonomous system is proposed in order to enable the automatic quantification and classification of the imperfections produced in the sheets composing the auto bodywork due to the squeezing process. The system consists of a motorized system to capture the image, an algorithm to extract the geometrical information of the image obtained, and a system based on fuzzy logic to classify the imperfections measured from the geometrical parameters.
质量方面每天都更加重要,因为它们对最终产品有重大影响。汽车行业也不是没有意识到这一事实,作为汽车板材质量分析的一个重要问题。如今,大多数质量分析系统都是在生产线之外实施的,并且是手工执行的。在这项工作中,为了能够自动量化和分类由于挤压过程而产生的汽车车身板的缺陷,提出了一个自主系统。该系统由电机捕获系统、图像几何信息提取算法和基于模糊逻辑的几何参数缺陷分类系统组成。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Power and Broadcasts of Gases with Obstruction of the Air Filter 空气滤清器堵塞时气体的动力和传播分析
Pub Date : 2015-12-14 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000125
Omar Danilo Siguenza Garzon
In this project it seeks to meet varying power and gas emission that occurs in a vehicle Chevrolet Corsa to reduce income of air into the intake manifold which also cause a change of pressure therein, and due to this pressure change, the voltage signal emitted by the MAP to the ECU will be affected. The experiment was carried out at different speeds regime as it tries to simulate the operation of an automobile to the topography of Ecuador, which is required to reach high engine rpm to overcome the pending there. While the experiment was carried during no real operating conditions, due that a car would never come to an obstruction of 75%, the data and analysis gives an idea of the seriousness of this is when there the obstruction in the air intake of the engine, and these are reflected directly in the engine performance.
在这个项目中,它寻求满足在雪佛兰Corsa车辆中发生的变化的功率和气体排放,以减少进入进气歧管的空气收入,这也会导致其中的压力变化,并且由于这种压力变化,MAP向ECU发出的电压信号将受到影响。实验是在不同的速度下进行的,因为它试图模拟汽车在厄瓜多尔地形上的运行,这需要达到高发动机转速来克服那里的阻力。虽然实验是在没有实际操作条件下进行的,由于汽车永远不会遇到75%的障碍物,但数据和分析表明,当发动机进气口出现障碍物时,情况就严重了,这些直接反映在发动机的性能上。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Analysis of Various Brake Testers Used in Ministry ofTransport Facilities, such as: Bank of Roller Testers and DynamometricPlatform Testers 交通运输部各种制动器测试仪的比较分析,如:滚子堆测试仪和测力平台测试仪
Pub Date : 2015-12-09 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7670.1000124
C. Senabre
The aim of this research is to compare which parameters may vary when braking on different Ministry of Transport (MOT) brake testers, such as roller bed brake tester and dynamometric platform. Different types of brake testers have been used and analyzed by the mechanical engineering staffs at the mechanical laboratory at the Miguel Hernandez University. It has been analyzed which parameters can vary the result of the brake test, and advances and disadvantages of each brake tester.
本研究的目的是比较在不同的交通运输部(MOT)制动试验装置上,如滚轮床制动试验装置和测力平台,制动时哪些参数会发生变化。Miguel Hernandez大学机械实验室的机械工程人员对不同类型的制动器测试仪进行了使用和分析。分析了影响制动试验结果的参数,以及各种制动试验仪的优缺点。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Advances in Automobile Engineering
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