Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.12989/AER.2016.5.4.225
D. Çifçi
Synthesized hydroxyapatite (Hyd) and Fe-hydroxyapatite (Fe-Hyd) composite were used for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solutions in this study. The effect of adsorbent amount, pH and initial MB concentration were carried out to investigate in the aqueous solution. The kinetic study shows that the MB adsorption process with Hyd or Fe-Hyd follow pseudo-second order kinetic model. Experimental results are well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities of Hyd and Fe-Hyd were obtained as 2.90 mg/g and 5.64 mg/g for MB according to Langmuir Isotherm models, respectively. Fe-Hyd composite increased the adsorption capacity of Hyd by 1.95 times that Hyd. It is concluded that Fe-Hyd composite is promising and economical adsorbent for MB removal in the aqueous solution.
{"title":"Enhancement of Methylene Blue dye adsorption by Fe-Hydroxyapatite composite","authors":"D. Çifçi","doi":"10.12989/AER.2016.5.4.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2016.5.4.225","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesized hydroxyapatite (Hyd) and Fe-hydroxyapatite (Fe-Hyd) composite were used for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solutions in this study. The effect of adsorbent amount, pH and initial MB concentration were carried out to investigate in the aqueous solution. The kinetic study shows \u0000that the MB adsorption process with Hyd or Fe-Hyd follow pseudo-second order kinetic model. Experimental results are well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities of Hyd and Fe-Hyd were obtained as 2.90 mg/g and 5.64 mg/g for MB according to Langmuir Isotherm models, respectively. Fe-Hyd composite increased the adsorption capacity of Hyd by 1.95 times that Hyd. It is concluded that Fe-Hyd composite is promising and economical adsorbent for MB removal in the aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"120 1","pages":"225-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77192222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-25DOI: 10.12989/AER.2016.5.3.189
A. K. Haritash, Ashish Sharma, M. Verma
. This study aimed at advanced oxidation of hetero tri-functional reactive dye Acid orange 7 using photo-Fenton conditions in a lab-scale experiment. Decolourisation of Acid Orange 7 dye by Fenton’s process was dependent on concentration of Hydrogen peroxide, Ferrous sulphate, pH, and contact time. A 2 3 factorial design was used to evaluate the effects of these key factors: pH, Fe(II), and H 2 O 2 concentration, for a dye concentration of 50 mg/L with COD of 340 mg/L at pH 3.0. The response function was removal of colour under optimised conditions; pH 3.0, [Fe(II)] 40.83 mg/L, [H 2 O 2 ] 4.97 mmol/L; 13.6 min. of treatment resulting in 100% colour removal. The final COD of treated wastewater was nil suggesting that AOP is a potentially useful process of color removal and dye degradation/mineralisation of effluent having AO7. Minimum contact time for complete decolourisation was at 5 mmol/l H 2 O 2 concentration. Increase in FeSO 4 (mg/l) concentration resulted in decrease of time for complete decolourisation. Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize the process variables. Maximum and minimum levels of pH (3-5), H 2 O 2 (4-6 mmol/l), FeSO 4 (30-46 mg/l) and contact time (5-15 minutes) were used. The statistical analysis revealed a value of 0.88 for coefficient of regression (R 2 ) indicating a good fit of model. Calculated F-value was found higher than the tabulated value confirming to significance of the model. Based on student’s t-test, Ferrous sulphate, pH, and contact time have a positive effect on the percent decolourisation of Acid Orange 7.
{"title":"Degradation of toxic azo dye (AO7) using Fenton´s process","authors":"A. K. Haritash, Ashish Sharma, M. Verma","doi":"10.12989/AER.2016.5.3.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2016.5.3.189","url":null,"abstract":". This study aimed at advanced oxidation of hetero tri-functional reactive dye Acid orange 7 using photo-Fenton conditions in a lab-scale experiment. Decolourisation of Acid Orange 7 dye by Fenton’s process was dependent on concentration of Hydrogen peroxide, Ferrous sulphate, pH, and contact time. A 2 3 factorial design was used to evaluate the effects of these key factors: pH, Fe(II), and H 2 O 2 concentration, for a dye concentration of 50 mg/L with COD of 340 mg/L at pH 3.0. The response function was removal of colour under optimised conditions; pH 3.0, [Fe(II)] 40.83 mg/L, [H 2 O 2 ] 4.97 mmol/L; 13.6 min. of treatment resulting in 100% colour removal. The final COD of treated wastewater was nil suggesting that AOP is a potentially useful process of color removal and dye degradation/mineralisation of effluent having AO7. Minimum contact time for complete decolourisation was at 5 mmol/l H 2 O 2 concentration. Increase in FeSO 4 (mg/l) concentration resulted in decrease of time for complete decolourisation. Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize the process variables. Maximum and minimum levels of pH (3-5), H 2 O 2 (4-6 mmol/l), FeSO 4 (30-46 mg/l) and contact time (5-15 minutes) were used. The statistical analysis revealed a value of 0.88 for coefficient of regression (R 2 ) indicating a good fit of model. Calculated F-value was found higher than the tabulated value confirming to significance of the model. Based on student’s t-test, Ferrous sulphate, pH, and contact time have a positive effect on the percent decolourisation of Acid Orange 7.","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"189-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82698669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-25DOI: 10.12989/AER.2016.5.3.153
G. Asadollahfardi, Shiva Homayoun Aria, Mehrdad Abaei
We applied multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) neural network in upstream and downstream water quality stations of the Karaj Reservoir in Iran. For both neural networks, inputs were pH, turbidity, temperature, chlorophyll-a, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nitrate, and the output was dissolved oxygen (DO). We used an MLP neural network with two hidden layers, for upstream station 15 and 33 neurons in the first and second layers respectively, and for the downstream station, 16 and 21 neurons in the first and second hidden layer were used which had minimum amount of errors. For learning process 6-fold cross validation were applied to avoid over fitting. The best results acquired from RBF model, in which the mean bias error (MBE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) were 0.063 and 0.10 for the upstream station. The MBE and RSME were 0.0126 and 0.099 for the downstream station. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) between the observed data and the predicted data for upstream and downstream stations in the MLP was 0.801 and 0.904, respectively, and in the RBF network were 0.962 and 0.97, respectively. The MLP neural network had acceptable results; however, the results of RBF network were more accurate. A sensitivity analysis for the MLP neural network indicated that temperature was the first parameter, pH the second and nitrate was the last factor affecting the prediction of DO concentrations. The results proved the workability and accuracy of the RBF model in the prediction of the DO.
{"title":"Modelling of dissolved oxygen (DO) in a reservoir using artificial neural networks: Amir Kabir Reservoir, Iran","authors":"G. Asadollahfardi, Shiva Homayoun Aria, Mehrdad Abaei","doi":"10.12989/AER.2016.5.3.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2016.5.3.153","url":null,"abstract":"We applied multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) neural network in upstream and downstream water quality stations of the Karaj Reservoir in Iran. For both neural networks, inputs were pH, turbidity, temperature, chlorophyll-a, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nitrate, and the output was dissolved oxygen (DO). We used an MLP neural network with two hidden layers, for upstream station 15 and 33 neurons in the first and second layers respectively, and for the downstream station, 16 and 21 neurons in the first and second hidden layer were used which had minimum amount of errors. For learning process 6-fold cross validation were applied to avoid over fitting. The best results acquired from RBF model, in which the mean bias error (MBE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) were 0.063 and 0.10 for the upstream station. The MBE and RSME were 0.0126 and 0.099 for the downstream station. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) between the observed data and the predicted data for upstream and downstream stations in the MLP was 0.801 and 0.904, respectively, and in the RBF network were 0.962 and 0.97, respectively. The MLP neural network had acceptable results; however, the results of RBF network were more accurate. A sensitivity analysis for the MLP neural network indicated that temperature was the first parameter, pH the second and nitrate was the last factor affecting the prediction of DO concentrations. The results proved the workability and accuracy of the RBF model in the prediction of the DO.","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"153-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74288436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-25DOI: 10.12989/AER.2016.5.3.201
B. Sunil, V. Praveen
Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of waste rubber shreds in leachate collection layer of engineered landfills. The study found that waste rubber shreds layer in combination with a gravel layer can be of potential use in landfill drainage system. To study the performance, conventional gravel along with waste rubber shreds were used in different combinations (with total layer thickness = 500 mm) as leachate collection media. For the laboratory study poly vinyl chloride (PVC) pipes were used. The size range of waste rubber shreds used were 25 mm to 75 mm in length and width = 10 to 20 mm. The gravel size used in the leachate collection media is 10 mm to 20 mm size. Performance study of 7 Test Cols. with different combinations of waste rubber shreds and gravel bed thickness were studied to find out the best combination. The study found that the Test Col.-3 having waste rubber shreds thickness = 200 mm and gravel layer thickness = 300 mm gave the best results in terms of percentage removal in various physicochemical parameters present in the leachate. Further to find the best size rubber shreds three more Test Cols 8, 9 and 10 were constructed having the rubber shreds and gravel layer ratio same as that of Test Col.-3 but having rubber shreds width = 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm respectively. Based on the results obtained using Test Cols. 8, 9 and 10 the study found that smaller size rubber shreds gave bests results in terms of improvement in various leachate parameters.
{"title":"Potential use of waste rubber shreds in drainage layer of landfills - An experimental study","authors":"B. Sunil, V. Praveen","doi":"10.12989/AER.2016.5.3.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2016.5.3.201","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of waste rubber shreds in leachate collection layer of engineered landfills. The study found that waste rubber shreds layer in combination with a gravel layer can be of potential use in landfill drainage system. To study the performance, conventional gravel along with waste rubber shreds were used in different combinations (with total layer thickness = 500 mm) as leachate collection media. For the laboratory study poly vinyl chloride (PVC) pipes were used. The size range of waste rubber shreds used were 25 mm to 75 mm in length and width = 10 to 20 mm. The gravel size used in the leachate collection media is 10 mm to 20 mm size. Performance study of 7 Test Cols. with different combinations of waste rubber shreds and gravel bed thickness were studied to find out the best combination. The study found that the Test Col.-3 having waste rubber shreds thickness = 200 mm and gravel layer thickness = 300 mm gave the best results in terms of percentage removal in various physicochemical parameters present in the leachate. Further to find the best size rubber shreds three more Test Cols 8, 9 and 10 were constructed having the rubber shreds and gravel layer ratio same as that of Test Col.-3 but having rubber shreds width = 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm respectively. Based on the results obtained using Test Cols. 8, 9 and 10 the study found that smaller size rubber shreds gave bests results in terms of improvement in various leachate parameters.","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"201-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87501288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-25DOI: 10.12989/AER.2016.5.3.179
O. Arojojoye, O. Nwaechefu, J. A. Ajiboye, J. Akintunde
This study evaluated some markers of oxidative stress in the organs of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River in Oyo State, Nigeria. Clarias gariepinus (250 g-400 g) were collected from Eleyele River (a suspected polluted River) and Clarias gariepinus from a clean fish farm (Durantee fisheries) were used as the control. Levels of Malondialdehyde (index of lipid peroxidation), Glutathione (GSH) and activities of antioxidant enzymesSuperoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase and Glutathione-STransferase (GST) were evaluated in the liver, kidney and gills of the fish. From the results, there were significant (p<0.001) increases in malondialdehyde and GSH levels in the liver, kidney and gills of Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River compared with control. The activity of GST increased significantly (p<0.05; p<0.001) in the liver and kidney of fish from Eleyele River compared with control. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05; p<0.001) in SOD activity in all the organs of Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River compared with conrol and also a significant (p<0.001) decrease in catalase activity in the gills and kidney of the fish but catalase activity increased in the liver. Increase in lipid peroxidation and alterations in antioxidant status in Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River show that the fish were under oxidative stress. These suggest that the River is polluted probably as a result of various wastes frequently discharged into the River. This could pose serious health risks to consumers of water and aquatic organisms from the River.
本研究评估了尼日利亚奥约州Eleyele河非洲鲶鱼Clarias gariepinus器官中氧化应激的一些标志物。从疑似污染的Eleyele河采集的Clarias gariepinus (250 g ~ 400 g)作为对照，从清洁渔场(保证渔场)采集的Clarias gariepinus作为对照。测定鱼的肝脏、肾脏和鳃中丙二醛(脂质过氧化指数)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平和抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)活性。结果表明，与对照组相比，Eleyele河养殖的Clarias gariepinus肝脏、肾脏和鳃中丙二醛和GSH水平显著(p<0.001)升高。GST活性显著升高(p<0.05);p<0.001)。显著降低(p<0.05;鱼鳃和肾脏过氧化氢酶活性显著降低(p<0.001)，肝脏过氧化氢酶活性显著升高(p<0.001)。埃利耶勒河克拉利亚鱼脂质过氧化水平升高，抗氧化状态发生改变，表明该鱼处于氧化应激状态。这些表明，这条河被污染可能是由于各种废物经常排入河中。这可能对饮用该河的水和水生生物的消费者构成严重的健康风险。
{"title":"Induction of oxidative stress in Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River in Nigeria","authors":"O. Arojojoye, O. Nwaechefu, J. A. Ajiboye, J. Akintunde","doi":"10.12989/AER.2016.5.3.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2016.5.3.179","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated some markers of oxidative stress in the organs of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River in Oyo State, Nigeria. Clarias gariepinus (250 g-400 g) were collected from Eleyele River (a suspected polluted River) and Clarias gariepinus from a clean fish farm (Durantee fisheries) were used as the control. Levels of Malondialdehyde (index of lipid peroxidation), Glutathione (GSH) and activities of antioxidant enzymesSuperoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase and Glutathione-STransferase (GST) were evaluated in the liver, kidney and gills of the fish. From the results, there were significant (p<0.001) increases in malondialdehyde and GSH levels in the liver, kidney and gills of Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River compared with control. The activity of GST increased significantly (p<0.05; p<0.001) in the liver and kidney of fish from Eleyele River compared with control. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05; p<0.001) in SOD activity in all the organs of Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River compared with conrol and also a significant (p<0.001) decrease in catalase activity in the gills and kidney of the fish but catalase activity increased in the liver. Increase in lipid peroxidation and alterations in antioxidant status in Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River show that the fish were under oxidative stress. These suggest that the River is polluted probably as a result of various wastes frequently discharged into the River. This could pose serious health risks to consumers of water and aquatic organisms from the River.","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"179-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79443833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.12989/AER.2016.5.3.169
R. Hamza, O. T. Iorhemen, J. Tay
This study aimed at determining the treatability of high-strength wastewater (chemical oxygen demand, COD>4000 mg/L) using combined anaerobic-aerobic granular sludge in lagoon systems. The lagoon systems were simulated in laboratory-scale aerated and non-aerated batch processes inoculated with dried granular microorganisms at a dose of 0.4 g/L. In the anaerobic batch, a removal efficiency of 25% was not attained until the 12th day. It took 14 days of aerobic operation to achieve sCOD removal efficiency of 94% at COD:N:P of 100:4:1. The best removal efficiency of sCOD (96%) was achieved in the sequential anaerobic-aerobic batch of 12 days and 2 days, respectively at COD:N:P ratio of 200:4:1. Sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment can achieve efficient and cost effective treatment for high-strength wastewater in lagoon systems.
{"title":"Anaerobic-aerobic granular system for high-strengthwastewater treatment in lagoons","authors":"R. Hamza, O. T. Iorhemen, J. Tay","doi":"10.12989/AER.2016.5.3.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2016.5.3.169","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at determining the treatability of high-strength wastewater (chemical oxygen demand, COD>4000 mg/L) using combined anaerobic-aerobic granular sludge in lagoon systems. The lagoon systems were simulated in laboratory-scale aerated and non-aerated batch processes inoculated with dried granular microorganisms at a dose of 0.4 g/L. In the anaerobic batch, a removal efficiency of 25% was not attained until the 12th day. It took 14 days of aerobic operation to achieve sCOD removal efficiency of 94% at COD:N:P of 100:4:1. The best removal efficiency of sCOD (96%) was achieved in the sequential \u0000anaerobic-aerobic batch of 12 days and 2 days, respectively at COD:N:P ratio of 200:4:1. Sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment can achieve efficient and cost effective treatment for high-strength wastewater in lagoon systems.","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"169-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77223050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-25DOI: 10.12989/AER.2016.5.2.141
W. Cheng, F. Chi, R. Yu, Dun Ren Tian
. Large amounts of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH) 3 ) exist in water purification sludge (WPS) because of the added aluminum coagulant in water treatment process. Notably, Al(OH) 3 is an amphoteric compound, can be dissolved in its basic condition using sodium hydroxide to form aluminate ions (Al(OH) 4-). However, in a process in which pH is increasing, the humid acid can be dissolved easily from WPS and will inhibit the recovery and reuse of the dissolved aluminate ions. This study attempts to fix this problem by a novel approach to separate Al(OH) 4- ions using nanofiltration (NF) technology. Sludge impurity in a alkaline solution is retained by the NF membrane, such that the process recovers Al(OH) 4- ions, and significantly decreases the organic matter or heavy metal impurities in the permeate solution. The Al(OH) 4-ion is an alkaline substance. Experimental results confirm that a recovered coagulant of Al(OH) 4- ion can effectively remove kaolin particles from slightly acidic synthetic raw water.
{"title":"Application of nanofiltration membrane in the recovery of aluminum from alkaline sludge solutions","authors":"W. Cheng, F. Chi, R. Yu, Dun Ren Tian","doi":"10.12989/AER.2016.5.2.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2016.5.2.141","url":null,"abstract":". Large amounts of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH) 3 ) exist in water purification sludge (WPS) because of the added aluminum coagulant in water treatment process. Notably, Al(OH) 3 is an amphoteric compound, can be dissolved in its basic condition using sodium hydroxide to form aluminate ions (Al(OH) 4-). However, in a process in which pH is increasing, the humid acid can be dissolved easily from WPS and will inhibit the recovery and reuse of the dissolved aluminate ions. This study attempts to fix this problem by a novel approach to separate Al(OH) 4- ions using nanofiltration (NF) technology. Sludge impurity in a alkaline solution is retained by the NF membrane, such that the process recovers Al(OH) 4- ions, and significantly decreases the organic matter or heavy metal impurities in the permeate solution. The Al(OH) 4-ion is an alkaline substance. Experimental results confirm that a recovered coagulant of Al(OH) 4- ion can effectively remove kaolin particles from slightly acidic synthetic raw water.","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"141-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81370337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-25DOI: 10.12989/AER.2016.5.2.095
Mohammad Azarafza, A. Ghazifard
Urban geology is the study of urban geologic environments to provide a scientific basis for rational land use planning and urban development and provides information on geologic environments as a basis for city planners. Based on AEG recommendations, urban geological studies covered the urbanism and historical backgrounds, geological setting, engineering geological constraints and environmental assessments of understudied cities. The aim of this study is to provide a good view of urban geology of Tabriz city the capital of East Azerbaijan province in Iran. The topics of discussions about Tabriz city urban geology are included geologic (geomorphology, geology, climatology and hydrogeology), engineering geological (earthquake, landslide and geotechnical hazards investigations) and environmental characteristics (air, soil and water hazards assessment).The results of the urban geologic studies indicated that Tabriz city in terms of engineering geological and environmental constraints is at high risk potential and in terms of seismic activity and landslide instability is highly potential. In terms of air, soil and water pollution there are many important environmental concern in this city.
{"title":"Urban geology of Tabriz City: Environmental and geological constraints","authors":"Mohammad Azarafza, A. Ghazifard","doi":"10.12989/AER.2016.5.2.095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2016.5.2.095","url":null,"abstract":"Urban geology is the study of urban geologic environments to provide a scientific basis for rational land use planning and urban development and provides information on geologic environments as a basis for city planners. Based on AEG recommendations, urban geological studies covered the urbanism and historical backgrounds, geological setting, engineering geological constraints and environmental assessments of understudied cities. The aim of this study is to provide a good view of urban geology of Tabriz city the capital of East Azerbaijan province in Iran. The topics of discussions about Tabriz city urban geology are included geologic (geomorphology, geology, climatology and hydrogeology), engineering geological (earthquake, landslide and geotechnical hazards investigations) and environmental characteristics (air, soil and water hazards assessment).The results of the urban geologic studies indicated that Tabriz city in terms of engineering geological and environmental constraints is at high risk potential and in terms of seismic activity and landslide instability is highly potential. In terms of air, soil and water pollution there are many important environmental concern in this city.","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"95-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83457502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-25DOI: 10.12989/AER.2016.5.2.125
V. Innocenzi, I. D. Michelis, F. Ferella, F. Vegliò
2016) Abstract. The paper is focused on the economic analysis of two hydrometallurgical processes for recovery of yttrium and other rare earth elements (REEs) from fluorescent phosphors of spent lamps. The first process includes leaching with sulphuric acid and precipitation of a mixture of oxalates by oxalic acid, the second one includes leaching with sulphuric acid, solvent extraction with D2EHPA, stripping by acid and recovery of yttrium and traces of other rare earths (REs) by precipitation with oxalic acid. In both cases the REEs were recovered as oxides by calcination of the oxalate salts. The economic analysis was estimated considering the real capacity of the HydroWEEE mobile’s plant (420 kg batch -1 ). For the first flow-sheet the cost of recycling comes to 4.0 € kg -1 , while the revenue from the end-product is around 5.40 € kg -1 . The second process is not profitable, as well as the first one, taking into account the composition of the final oxides: the cost of recycling comes to 5.2 € kg -1 , while the revenue from the end-product is around 3.56 € kg -1 . The process becomes profitable if the final RE oxide mixture is sold for nearly 50 € kg -1 , a value rather far from the current market prices but not so unlikely since could be achieved in the incoming years, considering the significant fluctuations of the Res’
{"title":"Rare earths from secondary sources: profitability study","authors":"V. Innocenzi, I. D. Michelis, F. Ferella, F. Vegliò","doi":"10.12989/AER.2016.5.2.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2016.5.2.125","url":null,"abstract":"2016) Abstract. The paper is focused on the economic analysis of two hydrometallurgical processes for recovery of yttrium and other rare earth elements (REEs) from fluorescent phosphors of spent lamps. The first process includes leaching with sulphuric acid and precipitation of a mixture of oxalates by oxalic acid, the second one includes leaching with sulphuric acid, solvent extraction with D2EHPA, stripping by acid and recovery of yttrium and traces of other rare earths (REs) by precipitation with oxalic acid. In both cases the REEs were recovered as oxides by calcination of the oxalate salts. The economic analysis was estimated considering the real capacity of the HydroWEEE mobile’s plant (420 kg batch -1 ). For the first flow-sheet the cost of recycling comes to 4.0 € kg -1 , while the revenue from the end-product is around 5.40 € kg -1 . The second process is not profitable, as well as the first one, taking into account the composition of the final oxides: the cost of recycling comes to 5.2 € kg -1 , while the revenue from the end-product is around 3.56 € kg -1 . The process becomes profitable if the final RE oxide mixture is sold for nearly 50 € kg -1 , a value rather far from the current market prices but not so unlikely since could be achieved in the incoming years, considering the significant fluctuations of the Res’","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"684 1","pages":"125-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78689968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-25DOI: 10.12989/AER.2016.5.2.109
H. M. Zakir, Md. Mahidul Islam, M. S. Hossain
2016) Abstract. The Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Tongi canal is situated on the north of the city, which connected the Turag river to the west and the Balu river to the east. A total of 26 water samples were collected from the canal to measure irrigation water quality on the basis of their trace metal and major ionic constituents. Trace metals concentrations in water samples were determined using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The amount of Fe, Mn, Zn and Pb in water samples ranged from 0.01-0.80, trace-1.02, trace-0.054 and 0.43-0.64 µ g mL -1 , respectively. The mean concentration of Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO 3- , Cl - , BO 33- , PO 43- and SO 42- in water samples were 45.32, 15.33, 151.65, 11.98, 516.06, 94.69, 0.33, 14.02 and 56.21 µ g mL -1 , respectively. In respect of HCO 3- , SO 42- , PO 43- and K contents, most of the water samples were found problematic for irrigation. In context of RSC and hardness, 96 and 92% of water samples were graded as unsuitable and hard class, respectively. The study concluded that Pb content in canal water was comparatively high, so it is desirable to take necessary initiative to minimize the contamination level and to monitor its concentration in water
{"title":"Impact of urbanization and industrialization on irrigation water quality of a canal - a case study of Tongi canal, Bangladesh","authors":"H. M. Zakir, Md. Mahidul Islam, M. S. Hossain","doi":"10.12989/AER.2016.5.2.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2016.5.2.109","url":null,"abstract":"2016) Abstract. The Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Tongi canal is situated on the north of the city, which connected the Turag river to the west and the Balu river to the east. A total of 26 water samples were collected from the canal to measure irrigation water quality on the basis of their trace metal and major ionic constituents. Trace metals concentrations in water samples were determined using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The amount of Fe, Mn, Zn and Pb in water samples ranged from 0.01-0.80, trace-1.02, trace-0.054 and 0.43-0.64 µ g mL -1 , respectively. The mean concentration of Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO 3- , Cl - , BO 33- , PO 43- and SO 42- in water samples were 45.32, 15.33, 151.65, 11.98, 516.06, 94.69, 0.33, 14.02 and 56.21 µ g mL -1 , respectively. In respect of HCO 3- , SO 42- , PO 43- and K contents, most of the water samples were found problematic for irrigation. In context of RSC and hardness, 96 and 92% of water samples were graded as unsuitable and hard class, respectively. The study concluded that Pb content in canal water was comparatively high, so it is desirable to take necessary initiative to minimize the contamination level and to monitor its concentration in water","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"219 9 1","pages":"109-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90757423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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