Pub Date : 2016-06-25DOI: 10.12989/AER.2016.5.2.079
M. Islam, M. K. Ahmed, Md. Al-Mamun
{"title":"Human exposure of hazardous elements from different urban soils in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Islam, M. K. Ahmed, Md. Al-Mamun","doi":"10.12989/AER.2016.5.2.079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2016.5.2.079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"79-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85773937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-25DOI: 10.12989/AER.2016.5.1.061
Jeevitha R. Raji, K. Palanivelu
. NanoTiO 2 was synthesized by ultrasonication assisted sol-gel process and subjected to iron doping and carbon-iron codoping. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, HR-SEM, EDX, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and BET specific surface area analysis. The average crystallite size of pure TiO 2 was in the range of 30 - 33 nm, and that of Fe-TiO 2 and C-Fe TiO 2 was in the range of 7 - 13 nm respectively. The specific surface area of the iron doped and carbon-iron codoped nanoparticles was around 105 m 2 /g and 91 m 2 /g respectively. The coupled semiconductor photo-Fenton’s activity of the synthesized catalysts was evaluated by the degradation of a cationic dye (C.I. Basic blue 9) and an anionic dye (C.I. Acid orange 52) with concurrent investigation on the operating variables such as pH, catalyst dosage, oxidant concentration and initial pollutant concentration. The most efficient C-Fe codoped catalyst was found to effectively destruct synthetic dyes and potentially treat real textile effluent achieving 93.4% of COD removal under minimal solar intensity (35-40 kiloLUX). This reveals the practical applicability of the process for the treatment of real wastewater in both high and low insolation regimes.
{"title":"Semiconductor coupled solar photo-Fenton´s treatment of dyes and textile effluent","authors":"Jeevitha R. Raji, K. Palanivelu","doi":"10.12989/AER.2016.5.1.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2016.5.1.061","url":null,"abstract":". NanoTiO 2 was synthesized by ultrasonication assisted sol-gel process and subjected to iron doping and carbon-iron codoping. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, HR-SEM, EDX, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and BET specific surface area analysis. The average crystallite size of pure TiO 2 was in the range of 30 - 33 nm, and that of Fe-TiO 2 and C-Fe TiO 2 was in the range of 7 - 13 nm respectively. The specific surface area of the iron doped and carbon-iron codoped nanoparticles was around 105 m 2 /g and 91 m 2 /g respectively. The coupled semiconductor photo-Fenton’s activity of the synthesized catalysts was evaluated by the degradation of a cationic dye (C.I. Basic blue 9) and an anionic dye (C.I. Acid orange 52) with concurrent investigation on the operating variables such as pH, catalyst dosage, oxidant concentration and initial pollutant concentration. The most efficient C-Fe codoped catalyst was found to effectively destruct synthetic dyes and potentially treat real textile effluent achieving 93.4% of COD removal under minimal solar intensity (35-40 kiloLUX). This reveals the practical applicability of the process for the treatment of real wastewater in both high and low insolation regimes.","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"69 1","pages":"61-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79850300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-25DOI: 10.12989/AER.2016.5.1.019
R. Wuana, I. Eneji, Julius U. Naku
. The phytoextraction of some toxic heavy metals from municipal waste dump soil by castor plant (Ricinus communis) was tested under natural and single or mixed chelant-assisted scenarios in pot microcosms. A sandy loam with total metal contents (mg/kg): Cd (84.5), Cu (114.5), Ni (70.3), Pb (57.8), and Zn (117.5), was sampled from an active dumpsite in Calabar, Nigeria and used for the study. Castor (small seed variety) was grown under natural phytoextraction or single/binary chelant (citric acid, oxalic acid, and EDTA) applications (5-20 mmol/kg soil) for 63 days. Castor exhibited no visual phytotoxic symptoms with typically sigmoid growth profiles at the applied chelant doses. Growth rates, however, decelerated with increase in chelant dose. Post-harvest biomass yields were higher under chelant application than for natural phytoextraction. Both root and shoot metal concentrations (mg/kg) increased quasilinearly and significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) with increase in chelant dose, furnishing maximum levels as: Cd (55.6 and 20.9), Cu (89.5 and 58.4), Ni (49.8 and 19.6), Pb (32.1 and 12.1), and Zn (99.5 and 46.6). Ranges of translocation factors, root and shoot bioaccumulation factors were 0.21-3.49, 0.01-0.89 and 0.01-0.51, respectively. Overall, the binary chelant treatments were less toxic for R . communis growth and enhanced metal accumulation in shoots to a greater extent than the single chelant scenarios, but more so when EDTA was present in the binary combination. This suggests that the mixed chelants could be considered as alternative treatments for enhanced phytoextraction and revegetation of degraded waste dump soils.
{"title":"Single and mixed chelants-assisted phytoextraction of heavy metals in municipal waste dump soil by castor","authors":"R. Wuana, I. Eneji, Julius U. Naku","doi":"10.12989/AER.2016.5.1.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2016.5.1.019","url":null,"abstract":". The phytoextraction of some toxic heavy metals from municipal waste dump soil by castor plant (Ricinus communis) was tested under natural and single or mixed chelant-assisted scenarios in pot microcosms. A sandy loam with total metal contents (mg/kg): Cd (84.5), Cu (114.5), Ni (70.3), Pb (57.8), and Zn (117.5), was sampled from an active dumpsite in Calabar, Nigeria and used for the study. Castor (small seed variety) was grown under natural phytoextraction or single/binary chelant (citric acid, oxalic acid, and EDTA) applications (5-20 mmol/kg soil) for 63 days. Castor exhibited no visual phytotoxic symptoms with typically sigmoid growth profiles at the applied chelant doses. Growth rates, however, decelerated with increase in chelant dose. Post-harvest biomass yields were higher under chelant application than for natural phytoextraction. Both root and shoot metal concentrations (mg/kg) increased quasilinearly and significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) with increase in chelant dose, furnishing maximum levels as: Cd (55.6 and 20.9), Cu (89.5 and 58.4), Ni (49.8 and 19.6), Pb (32.1 and 12.1), and Zn (99.5 and 46.6). Ranges of translocation factors, root and shoot bioaccumulation factors were 0.21-3.49, 0.01-0.89 and 0.01-0.51, respectively. Overall, the binary chelant treatments were less toxic for R . communis growth and enhanced metal accumulation in shoots to a greater extent than the single chelant scenarios, but more so when EDTA was present in the binary combination. This suggests that the mixed chelants could be considered as alternative treatments for enhanced phytoextraction and revegetation of degraded waste dump soils.","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"20 3","pages":"19-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91436822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-25DOI: 10.12989/AER.2016.5.1.051
S. Hamid, Woojin Lee
In this study, nitrate reduction of real groundwater sample by 2.2%Cu-1.6%Pd-hematite catalyst was evaluated at different nitrate concentrations, catalyst concentrations, and recycling. Results show that the nitrate reduction is improved by increasing the catalyst concentration. Specific nitrate removal by 2.2%Cu-1.6%Pd-hematite increased linearly with the increase of nitrate concentration showing that the catalyst possesses significantly higher reduction capacity. More than 95% nitrate reduction was observed over five recycles by 2.2%Cu-1.6%Pd-hematite with ~56% nitrogen selectivity in all recycling batches. The results from this study indicate that stable reduction of nitrate in groundwater can be achieved by 2.2%Cu-1.6%Pd-hematite over the wide range of initial nitrate inputs.
本研究考察了2.2% cu -1.6% pd -赤铁矿催化剂在不同硝酸盐浓度、催化剂浓度和循环使用情况下对真实地下水样品的硝酸盐还原效果。结果表明，随着催化剂浓度的增加，硝酸还原效果有所改善。2.2% cu -1.6% pd -赤铁矿对硝酸根的去除率随硝酸根浓度的增加呈线性增加，表明该催化剂具有显著提高的还原能力。采用2.2% cu -1.6% pd -赤铁矿进行5次循环，硝酸盐还原率均在95%以上，氮选择性均在56%左右。研究结果表明，在较宽的初始硝酸盐输入范围内，2.2% cu -1.6% pd -赤铁矿可实现地下水硝酸盐的稳定还原。
{"title":"Reduction of nitrate in groundwater by hematite supported bimetallic catalyst","authors":"S. Hamid, Woojin Lee","doi":"10.12989/AER.2016.5.1.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2016.5.1.051","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, nitrate reduction of real groundwater sample by 2.2%Cu-1.6%Pd-hematite catalyst was evaluated at different nitrate concentrations, catalyst concentrations, and recycling. Results show that the nitrate reduction is improved by increasing the catalyst concentration. Specific nitrate removal by 2.2%Cu-1.6%Pd-hematite increased linearly with the increase of nitrate concentration showing that the catalyst possesses significantly higher reduction capacity. More than 95% nitrate reduction was observed over five recycles by 2.2%Cu-1.6%Pd-hematite with ~56% nitrogen selectivity in all recycling batches. The results from this study indicate that stable reduction of nitrate in groundwater can be achieved by 2.2%Cu-1.6%Pd-hematite over the wide range of initial nitrate inputs.","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"51-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85393525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-25DOI: 10.12989/AER.2016.5.1.001
A. Galhoum, M. Mahfouz, A. Atia, N. A. Gomaa, Sayed T. Abdel-Rehem, T. Vincent, E. Guibal
2016) Abstract. Magnetic nano-based sorbents have been synthesized for the recovery of two rare earth elements (REE: Nd(III) and Yb(III)). The magnetic nano-based particles are synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal procedure involving co-precipitation under thermal conditions of Fe(III) and Fe(II) salts in the presence of chitosan. The composite magnetic/chitosan material is crosslinked with epichlorohydrin and modified by grafting alanine and serine amine-acids. These materials are tested for the binding of Nd(III) (light REE) and Yb(III) (heavy REE) through the study of pH effect, sorption isotherms, uptake kinetics, metal desorption and sorbent recycling. Sorption isotherms are well fitted by the Langmuir equation: the maximum sorption capacities range between 9 and 18 mg REE g -1 (at pH 5). The sorption mechanism is endothermic (positive value of ∆ H °) and contributes to increase the randomness of the system (positive value of ∆ S °). The fast uptake kinetics can be described by the pseudo-second order rate equation: the equilibrium is reached within 4 hours of contact. The sub-micron size of sorbent particles strongly reduces the contribution of resistance to intraparticle diffusion in the control of uptake kinetics. Metal desorption using acidified thiourea solutions allows maintaining sorption efficiency for at least four successive cycles with limited loss in sorption mL of REE(III) solution at different initial concentrations (i.e., 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200 and 300 mg L − 1 , at pH 5) and shaking for 4 h at 300 rpm. The experiments were performed in a thermostatic chamber, at different temperatures (300±1 K, 310±1 K and 320±1 K, respectively). Uptake kinetics was performed using a sorbent dosage of 2.5 g L -1 and a concentration of 100 mg REE L -1 at 300±1 K: samples were collected under agitation at standard times and metal concentration was determined, after magnetic separation, by ICP-AES. Main experimental conditions have been summarized in
2016)抽象。制备了磁性纳米吸附剂，用于回收稀土元素(REE: Nd(III)和Yb(III))。在壳聚糖存在的条件下，采用一锅水热共沉淀法合成了磁性纳米颗粒。以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂，通过接枝丙氨酸和丝氨酸氨基酸对壳聚糖磁性复合材料进行改性。通过pH效应、吸附等温线、吸附动力学、金属解吸和吸附剂循环等研究，测试了这些材料对Nd(III)(轻REE)和Yb(III)(重REE)的吸附性能。Langmuir方程很好地拟合了吸附等温线:最大吸附量范围为9 ~ 18 mg REE g -1 (pH值为5)。吸附机制为吸热(∆H°正值)，并有助于增加系统的随机性(∆S°正值)。快速吸收动力学可以用准二级速率方程来描述:在接触后4小时内达到平衡。亚微米大小的吸附颗粒大大降低了颗粒内扩散阻力对吸附动力学控制的贡献。使用酸化硫脲溶液进行金属脱附，可以在不同初始浓度(即25、50、75、100、150、200和300 mg L - 1, pH值为5)和300 rpm摇吸4小时的情况下，保持至少四个连续循环的吸附效率。实验在恒温箱中进行，温度分别为300±1 K、310±1 K和320±1 K。吸附剂用量为2.5 g L -1, REE L -1浓度为100 mg, 300±1 K时进行吸附动力学研究:在标准时间搅拌下收集样品，磁分离后用ICP-AES测定金属浓度。主要实验条件总结于
{"title":"Alanine and serine functionalized magnetic nano-based particles for sorption of Nd(III) and Yb(III)","authors":"A. Galhoum, M. Mahfouz, A. Atia, N. A. Gomaa, Sayed T. Abdel-Rehem, T. Vincent, E. Guibal","doi":"10.12989/AER.2016.5.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2016.5.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"2016) Abstract. Magnetic nano-based sorbents have been synthesized for the recovery of two rare earth elements (REE: Nd(III) and Yb(III)). The magnetic nano-based particles are synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal procedure involving co-precipitation under thermal conditions of Fe(III) and Fe(II) salts in the presence of chitosan. The composite magnetic/chitosan material is crosslinked with epichlorohydrin and modified by grafting alanine and serine amine-acids. These materials are tested for the binding of Nd(III) (light REE) and Yb(III) (heavy REE) through the study of pH effect, sorption isotherms, uptake kinetics, metal desorption and sorbent recycling. Sorption isotherms are well fitted by the Langmuir equation: the maximum sorption capacities range between 9 and 18 mg REE g -1 (at pH 5). The sorption mechanism is endothermic (positive value of ∆ H °) and contributes to increase the randomness of the system (positive value of ∆ S °). The fast uptake kinetics can be described by the pseudo-second order rate equation: the equilibrium is reached within 4 hours of contact. The sub-micron size of sorbent particles strongly reduces the contribution of resistance to intraparticle diffusion in the control of uptake kinetics. Metal desorption using acidified thiourea solutions allows maintaining sorption efficiency for at least four successive cycles with limited loss in sorption mL of REE(III) solution at different initial concentrations (i.e., 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200 and 300 mg L − 1 , at pH 5) and shaking for 4 h at 300 rpm. The experiments were performed in a thermostatic chamber, at different temperatures (300±1 K, 310±1 K and 320±1 K, respectively). Uptake kinetics was performed using a sorbent dosage of 2.5 g L -1 and a concentration of 100 mg REE L -1 at 300±1 K: samples were collected under agitation at standard times and metal concentration was determined, after magnetic separation, by ICP-AES. Main experimental conditions have been summarized in","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87230816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-01DOI: 10.12989/AER.2016.5.1.037
D. Çifçi, S. Meriç
The main objective of this study is to evaluate adsorptive removal of Methylene Blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution using pumice powder. The effects of pH, adsorption time, agitation speed, adsorbent dose, and dye concentrations on dye adsorption were investigated. Process kinetics and isotherm model constants were determined accordingly. The results showed that adsorbent dose, dye concentration and agitation speed are the important parameters on dye adsorption and the removal of MB did not significantly change by varying pH. A total adsorption process time of 60 min was observed to be sufficient to effectively remove 50 mg/L MB concentration. The MB adsorption data obeyed both pseudo first order and second order kinetic models. Adsorption of MB by pumice fitted well both Langmiur and Freundlich isotherms (R2
{"title":"Optimization of methylene blue adsorption by pumice powder","authors":"D. Çifçi, S. Meriç","doi":"10.12989/AER.2016.5.1.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2016.5.1.037","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study is to evaluate adsorptive removal of Methylene Blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution using pumice powder. The effects of pH, adsorption time, agitation speed, adsorbent dose, and dye concentrations on dye adsorption were investigated. Process kinetics and isotherm model constants were determined accordingly. The results showed that adsorbent dose, dye concentration and agitation speed are the important parameters on dye adsorption and the removal of MB did not significantly change by varying pH. A total adsorption process time of 60 min was observed to be sufficient to effectively remove 50 mg/L MB concentration. The MB adsorption data obeyed both pseudo first order and second order kinetic models. Adsorption of MB by pumice fitted well both Langmiur and Freundlich isotherms (R2","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"37-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88408832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-25DOI: 10.12989/AER.2015.4.4.219
G. Asadollahfardi, Shiva Homayoun Aria, M. Mehdinejad
In recent years, raising air pollutants has become as a big concern, especially in metropolitan cities such as Tehran. Therefore, forecasting the level of pollutants plays a significant role in air quality management. One of the forecasting tools that can be used is an artificial neural network which is able to model the complicated process of air pollution. In this study, we applied two different methods of artificial neural networks, the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF), to predict the hourly air concentrations of toluene in Tehran. Hourly temperature, wind speed, humidity and NOx were selected as inputs. Both methods had acceptable results; however, the RBF neural network produced better results. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) between the observed and predicted data was 0.9642 and 0.99 for MLP and RBF neural networks, respectively. The results of the mean bias errors (MBE) were 0.00 and -0.014 for RBF and MLP, respectively which indicate the adequacy of the models. The index of agreement (IA) between the observed and predicted data was 0.999 and 0.994 in the RBF and the MLP, respectively which indicates the efficiency of the models. Finally, sensitivity analysis related to the MLP neural network determined that temperature was the most significant factor in air concentration of toluene in Tehran which may be due to the volatile nature of toluene.
{"title":"The prediction of atmospheric concentrations of toluene using artificial neural network methods in Tehran","authors":"G. Asadollahfardi, Shiva Homayoun Aria, M. Mehdinejad","doi":"10.12989/AER.2015.4.4.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2015.4.4.219","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, raising air pollutants has become as a big concern, especially in metropolitan cities such as Tehran. Therefore, forecasting the level of pollutants plays a significant role in air quality management. One of the forecasting tools that can be used is an artificial neural network which is able to model the complicated process of air pollution. In this study, we applied two different methods of artificial neural networks, the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF), to predict the hourly air concentrations of toluene in Tehran. Hourly temperature, wind speed, humidity and NOx were selected as inputs. Both methods had acceptable results; however, the RBF neural network produced better results. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) between the observed and predicted data was 0.9642 and 0.99 for MLP and RBF neural networks, respectively. The results of the mean bias errors (MBE) were 0.00 and -0.014 for RBF and MLP, respectively which indicate the adequacy of the models. The index of agreement (IA) between the observed and predicted data was 0.999 and 0.994 in the RBF and the MLP, respectively which indicates the efficiency of the models. Finally, sensitivity analysis related to the MLP neural network determined that temperature was the most significant factor in air concentration of toluene in Tehran which may be due to the volatile nature of toluene.","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"298 1","pages":"219-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74382746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-25DOI: 10.12989/AER.2015.4.4.233
G. Asadollahfardi, M. Zamanian, M. Mirmohammadi, M. Asadi, Fatemeh Izadi Tameh
High amounts of air pollution in crowded urban areas are always considered as one of the major environmental challenges especially in developing countries. Despite the errors in air pollution prediction, the forecasting of future data helps air quality management make decisions promptly and properly. We studied the air quality of the Aqdasiyeh location in Tehran using factor analysis and the Box-Jenkins time series methods. The Air Quality Control Company (AQCC) of the Municipality of Tehran monitors seven daily air quality parameters, including carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Monoxide (NO), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), NOX, ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM10) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). We applied the AQCC data for our study. According to the results of the factor analysis, the air quality parameters were divided into two factors. The first factor included CO, NO2, NO, NOx, and O3, and the second was SO2 and PM10. Subsequently, the BoxJenkins time series was applied to the two mentioned factors. The results of the statistical testing and comparison of the factor data with the predicted data indicated Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (0, 0, 1) was appropriate for the first factor, and ARIMA (1, 0, 1) was proper for the second one. The coefficient of determination between the factor data and the predicted data for both models were 0.98 and 0.983 which may indicate the accuracy of the models. The application of these methods could be beneficial for the reduction of developing numbers of mathematical modeling.
{"title":"Air pollution study using factor analysis and univariate Box-Jenkins modeling for the northwest of Tehran","authors":"G. Asadollahfardi, M. Zamanian, M. Mirmohammadi, M. Asadi, Fatemeh Izadi Tameh","doi":"10.12989/AER.2015.4.4.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2015.4.4.233","url":null,"abstract":"High amounts of air pollution in crowded urban areas are always considered as one of the major environmental challenges especially in developing countries. Despite the errors in air pollution prediction, the forecasting of future data helps air quality management make decisions promptly and properly. We studied the air quality of the Aqdasiyeh location in Tehran using factor analysis and the Box-Jenkins time series methods. The Air Quality Control Company (AQCC) of the Municipality of Tehran monitors seven daily air quality parameters, including carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Monoxide (NO), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), NOX, ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM10) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). We applied the AQCC data for our study. According to the results of the factor analysis, the air quality parameters were divided into two factors. The first factor included CO, NO2, NO, NOx, and O3, and the second was SO2 and PM10. Subsequently, the BoxJenkins time series was applied to the two mentioned factors. The results of the statistical testing and comparison of the factor data with the predicted data indicated Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (0, 0, 1) was appropriate for the first factor, and ARIMA (1, 0, 1) was proper for the second one. The coefficient of determination between the factor data and the predicted data for both models were 0.98 and 0.983 which may indicate the accuracy of the models. The application of these methods could be beneficial for the reduction of developing numbers of mathematical modeling.","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"233-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78742837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-25DOI: 10.12989/AER.2015.4.4.263
S. Hamid, Woojin Lee
In this study, the effect of initial nitrate loading on nitrate removal and byproduct selectivity was evaluated in a continuous system. Nitrate removal decreased from 100% to 25% with the increase in nitrate loading from 10 to 300 mg/L NO3-N. Ammonium selectivity decreased and nitrite selectivity increased, while nitrogen selectivity showed a peak shape in the same range of nitrate loading. The nitrate removal was enhanced at low catalyst to nitrate ratios and 100% nitrate removal was achieved at catalyst to nitrate ratio of ≥ 33 mg catalyst / mg NO3-N. Maximum nitrogen selectivity (47%) was observed at 66 mg catalyst / mg NO3-N, showing that continuous Cu-Pd-NZVI system has a maximum removal capacity of 37 mg NO3 -N/gcatalyst /h. The results from this study emphasize that nitrate reduction in a bimetallic catalytic system could be sensitive to changes in optimized regimes.
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Pub Date : 2015-12-25DOI: 10.12989/AER.2015.4.4.247
Émilie Bélanger, M. Lucotte, B. Grégoire, M. Moingt, S. Paquet, R. Davidson, F. Mertens, C. Passos, C. Romaña
. The few lignin biomarker studies conducted in tropical environments are hampered by having to use references signatures established for plants and soils characteristic of the temperate zone. This study presents a lignin biomarker analysis (vanillyls (V), p-hydroxyls (P), syringyls (S), cinnamyls (C)) of the dominant plant species and soil horizons as well as an analysis of the interrelated terrigenous organic matter (TOM) dynamics between vegetation and soil of the Tapajós river region, an active colonization front in the Brazilian Amazon. We collected and analyzed samples from 17 fresh dominant plant species and 48 soil cores at three depths (0-5 cm, 20-25 cm, 50-55 cm) from primary rainforest, fallow forest, subsistence agriculture fields and pastures. Lignin signatures in tropical plants clearly distinguish from temperate ones with high ratios of Acid/aldehyde of vanillyls ((Ad/Al)v) and P/V+S. Contrary to temperate environments, similarly high ratios in tropical soils are not related to TOM degradation along with pedogenesis but to direct influence of plants growing on them. Lignin signatures of both plants and soils of primary rainforest and fallow forest clearly distinguish from those of non-forested areas, i.e., agriculture fields and pastures. Attalea speciosa Palm trees, an invasive species in all perturbed landscapes of the Amazon, exhibit lignin signatures clearly distinct from other dominant plant species. The study of lignin signatures in tropical areas thus represents a powerful tool to evaluate the impact of primary rainforest clearing on TOM dynamics in tropical areas.
． 在热带环境中进行的少数木质素生物标志物研究由于必须使用为温带植物和土壤特征建立的参考签名而受到阻碍。本研究提出了木质素生物标志物分析(香兰素(V)，对羟基(P)，丁香基(S)，肉桂基(C))的优势植物物种和土壤层，以及分析植被和土壤之间的相关陆源有机质(TOM)动力学Tapajós河地区，一个活跃的殖民前沿在巴西亚马逊。在原始雨林、休闲森林、自给农田和牧场3个深度(0-5 cm、20-25 cm、50-55 cm)采集了17种新鲜优势植物和48个土壤岩心样品并进行了分析。热带植物的木质素特征明显区别于温带植物，其香兰素酸/醛(Ad/Al)v)和P/ v +S比值较高。与温带环境相反，热带土壤中类似的高比率与土壤成土过程中TOM的退化无关，而是与植物生长对土壤的直接影响有关。原始雨林和休闲森林的植物和土壤的木质素特征与非森林地区，即农田和牧场的木质素特征有明显区别。Attalea speciosa棕榈树是一种入侵物种，在亚马逊所有受干扰的景观中都表现出与其他优势植物物种明显不同的木质素特征。因此，对热带地区木质素特征的研究是评估原始雨林砍伐对热带地区TOM动态影响的有力工具。
{"title":"Lignin signatures of vegetation and soils in tropical environments","authors":"Émilie Bélanger, M. Lucotte, B. Grégoire, M. Moingt, S. Paquet, R. Davidson, F. Mertens, C. Passos, C. Romaña","doi":"10.12989/AER.2015.4.4.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/AER.2015.4.4.247","url":null,"abstract":". The few lignin biomarker studies conducted in tropical environments are hampered by having to use references signatures established for plants and soils characteristic of the temperate zone. This study presents a lignin biomarker analysis (vanillyls (V), p-hydroxyls (P), syringyls (S), cinnamyls (C)) of the dominant plant species and soil horizons as well as an analysis of the interrelated terrigenous organic matter (TOM) dynamics between vegetation and soil of the Tapajós river region, an active colonization front in the Brazilian Amazon. We collected and analyzed samples from 17 fresh dominant plant species and 48 soil cores at three depths (0-5 cm, 20-25 cm, 50-55 cm) from primary rainforest, fallow forest, subsistence agriculture fields and pastures. Lignin signatures in tropical plants clearly distinguish from temperate ones with high ratios of Acid/aldehyde of vanillyls ((Ad/Al)v) and P/V+S. Contrary to temperate environments, similarly high ratios in tropical soils are not related to TOM degradation along with pedogenesis but to direct influence of plants growing on them. Lignin signatures of both plants and soils of primary rainforest and fallow forest clearly distinguish from those of non-forested areas, i.e., agriculture fields and pastures. Attalea speciosa Palm trees, an invasive species in all perturbed landscapes of the Amazon, exhibit lignin signatures clearly distinct from other dominant plant species. The study of lignin signatures in tropical areas thus represents a powerful tool to evaluate the impact of primary rainforest clearing on TOM dynamics in tropical areas.","PeriodicalId":7287,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"247-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80369122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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