Quoc-Huy Phan, Su-Lim Tan, I. Mcloughlin, Duc-Lung Vu
Multipath mitigation is a long-standing problem in global positioning system (GPS) research and is essential for improving the accuracy and precision of positioning solutions. In this work, we consider multipath error estimation as a regression problem and propose a unified framework for both code and carrier-phase multipath mitigation for ground fixed GPS stations. We use the kernel support vector machine to predict multipath errors, since it is known to potentially offer better-performance traditional models, such as neural networks. The predicted multipath error is then used to correct GPS measurements. We empirically show that the proposed method can reduce the code multipath error standard deviation up to 79% on average, which significantly outperforms other approaches in the literature. A comparative analysis of reduction of double-differential carrier-phase multipath error reveals that a 57% reduction is also achieved. Furthermore, by simulation, we also show that this method is robust to coexisting signals of phenomena (e.g., seismic signals) we wish to preserve.
{"title":"A Unified Framework for GPS Code and Carrier-Phase Multipath Mitigation Using Support Vector Regression","authors":"Quoc-Huy Phan, Su-Lim Tan, I. Mcloughlin, Duc-Lung Vu","doi":"10.1155/2013/240564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/240564","url":null,"abstract":"Multipath mitigation is a long-standing problem in global positioning system (GPS) research and is essential for improving the accuracy and precision of positioning solutions. In this work, we consider multipath error estimation as a regression problem and propose a unified framework for both code and carrier-phase multipath mitigation for ground fixed GPS stations. We use the kernel support vector machine to predict multipath errors, since it is known to potentially offer better-performance traditional models, such as neural networks. The predicted multipath error is then used to correct GPS measurements. We empirically show that the proposed method can reduce the code multipath error standard deviation up to 79% on average, which significantly outperforms other approaches in the literature. A comparative analysis of reduction of double-differential carrier-phase multipath error reveals that a 57% reduction is also achieved. Furthermore, by simulation, we also show that this method is robust to coexisting signals of phenomena (e.g., seismic signals) we wish to preserve.","PeriodicalId":7288,"journal":{"name":"Adv. Artif. Neural Syst.","volume":"85 1","pages":"240564:1-240564:14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74598037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research, dynamic response of a cracked shaft having transverse crack is analyzed using theoretical neural network and experimental analysis. Structural damage detection using frequency response functions (FRFs) as input data to the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) has been explored. For deriving the effect of crack depths and crack locations on FRF, theoretical expressions have been developed using strain energy release rate at the crack section of the shaft for the calculation of the local stiffnesses. Based on the flexibility, a new stiffness matrix is deduced that is subsequently used to calculate the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the cracked beam using the neural network method. The results of the numerical analysis and the neural network method are being validated with the result from the experimental method. The analysis results on a shaft show that the neural network can assess damage conditions with very good accuracy.
{"title":"Inverse Analysis of Crack in Fixed-Fixed Structure by Neural Network with the Aid of Modal Analysis","authors":"D. Thatoi, P. K. Jena","doi":"10.1155/2013/150209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/150209","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, dynamic response of a cracked shaft having transverse crack is analyzed using theoretical neural network and experimental analysis. Structural damage detection using frequency response functions (FRFs) as input data to the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) has been explored. For deriving the effect of crack depths and crack locations on FRF, theoretical expressions have been developed using strain energy release rate at the crack section of the shaft for the calculation of the local stiffnesses. Based on the flexibility, a new stiffness matrix is deduced that is subsequently used to calculate the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the cracked beam using the neural network method. The results of the numerical analysis and the neural network method are being validated with the result from the experimental method. The analysis results on a shaft show that the neural network can assess damage conditions with very good accuracy.","PeriodicalId":7288,"journal":{"name":"Adv. Artif. Neural Syst.","volume":"91 1","pages":"150209:1-150209:8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85658259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. J. Golestaneh, N. Ismail, M. Ariffin, S. H. Tang, H. M. Naeini
Multiple response optimization (MRO) problems are usually solved in three phases that include experiment design, modeling, and optimization. Committee machine (CM) as a set of some experts such as some artificial neural networks (ANNs) is used for modeling phase. Also, the optimization phase is done with different optimization techniques such as genetic algorithm (GA). The current paper is a development of recent authors' work on application of CM in MRO problem solving. In the modeling phase, the CM weights are determined with GA in which its fitness function is minimizing the RMSE. Then, in the optimization phase, the GA specifies the final response with the object to maximize the global desirability. Due to the fact that GA has a stochastic nature, it usually finds the response points near to optimum. Therefore, the performance the algorithm for several times will yield different responses with different GD values. This study includes a committee machine with four different ANNs. The algorithm was implemented on five case studies and the results represent for selected cases, when number of performances is equal to five, increasing in maximum GD with respect to average value of GD will be eleven percent. Increasing repeat number from five to forty-five will raise the maximum GD by only about three percentmore. Consequently, the economic run number of the algorithm is five.
{"title":"Desirability Improvement of Committee Machine to Solve Multiple Response Optimization Problems","authors":"S. J. Golestaneh, N. Ismail, M. Ariffin, S. H. Tang, H. M. Naeini","doi":"10.1155/2013/628313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/628313","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple response optimization (MRO) problems are usually solved in three phases that include experiment design, modeling, and optimization. Committee machine (CM) as a set of some experts such as some artificial neural networks (ANNs) is used for modeling phase. Also, the optimization phase is done with different optimization techniques such as genetic algorithm (GA). The current paper is a development of recent authors' work on application of CM in MRO problem solving. In the modeling phase, the CM weights are determined with GA in which its fitness function is minimizing the RMSE. Then, in the optimization phase, the GA specifies the final response with the object to maximize the global desirability. Due to the fact that GA has a stochastic nature, it usually finds the response points near to optimum. Therefore, the performance the algorithm for several times will yield different responses with different GD values. This study includes a committee machine with four different ANNs. The algorithm was implemented on five case studies and the results represent for selected cases, when number of performances is equal to five, increasing in maximum GD with respect to average value of GD will be eleven percent. Increasing repeat number from five to forty-five will raise the maximum GD by only about three percentmore. Consequently, the economic run number of the algorithm is five.","PeriodicalId":7288,"journal":{"name":"Adv. Artif. Neural Syst.","volume":"1 1","pages":"628313:1-628313:9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88805051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simulation is a useful tool for the evaluation of a Master Production/Distribution Schedule (MPS). The goal of this paper is to propose a new approach to designing a simulation model by reducing its complexity. According to the theory of constraints, a reduced model is built using bottlenecks and a neural network exclusively. This paper focuses on one step of the network model design: determining the structure of the network. This task may be performed by using the constructive or pruning approaches. The main contribution of this paper is twofold; it first proposes a new pruning algorithm based on an analysis of the variance of the sensitivity of all parameters of the network and then uses this algorithm to reduce the simulation model of a sawmill supply chain. In the first step, the proposed pruning algorithm is tested with two simulation examples and compared with three classical pruning algorithms fromthe literature. In the second step, these four algorithms are used to determine the optimal structure of the network used for the complexity-reduction design procedure of the simulation model of a sawmill supply chain.
{"title":"Variance Sensitivity Analysis of Parameters for Pruning of a Multilayer Perceptron: Application to a Sawmill Supply Chain Simulation Model","authors":"P. Thomas, M. Suhner, André Thomas","doi":"10.1155/2013/284570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/284570","url":null,"abstract":"Simulation is a useful tool for the evaluation of a Master Production/Distribution Schedule (MPS). The goal of this paper is to propose a new approach to designing a simulation model by reducing its complexity. According to the theory of constraints, a reduced model is built using bottlenecks and a neural network exclusively. This paper focuses on one step of the network model design: determining the structure of the network. This task may be performed by using the constructive or pruning approaches. The main contribution of this paper is twofold; it first proposes a new pruning algorithm based on an analysis of the variance of the sensitivity of all parameters of the network and then uses this algorithm to reduce the simulation model of a sawmill supply chain. In the first step, the proposed pruning algorithm is tested with two simulation examples and compared with three classical pruning algorithms fromthe literature. In the second step, these four algorithms are used to determine the optimal structure of the network used for the complexity-reduction design procedure of the simulation model of a sawmill supply chain.","PeriodicalId":7288,"journal":{"name":"Adv. Artif. Neural Syst.","volume":"117 1","pages":"284570:1-284570:17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76001446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Krasnopolsky, M. Fox-Rabinovitz, A. Belochitski
Anovel approach based on the neural network (NN) ensemble technique is formulated and used for development of aNNstochastic convection parameterization for climate and numerical weather prediction (NWP)models. This fast parameterization is built based on learning fromdata simulated by a cloud-resolvingmodel (CRM) initialized with and forced by the observed meteorological data available for 4-month boreal winter from November 1992 to February 1993. CRM-simulated data were averaged and processed to implicitly define a stochastic convection parameterization. This parameterization is learned from the data using an ensemble of NNs. The NN ensemble members are trained and tested. The inherent uncertainty of the stochastic convection parameterization derived following this approach is estimated. The newly developed NN convection parameterization has been tested in National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community AtmosphericModel (CAM). It produced reasonable and promising decadal climate simulations for a large tropical Pacific region. The extent of the adaptive ability of the developed NN parameterization to the changes in the model environment is briefly discussed. This paper is devoted to a proof of concept and discusses methodology, initial results, and the major challenges of using the NN technique for developing convection parameterizations for climate and NWP models.
{"title":"Using Ensemble of Neural Networks to Learn Stochastic Convection Parameterizations for Climate and Numerical Weather Prediction Models from Data Simulated by a Cloud Resolving Model","authors":"V. Krasnopolsky, M. Fox-Rabinovitz, A. Belochitski","doi":"10.1155/2013/485913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/485913","url":null,"abstract":"Anovel approach based on the neural network (NN) ensemble technique is formulated and used for development of aNNstochastic convection parameterization for climate and numerical weather prediction (NWP)models. This fast parameterization is built based on learning fromdata simulated by a cloud-resolvingmodel (CRM) initialized with and forced by the observed meteorological data available for 4-month boreal winter from November 1992 to February 1993. CRM-simulated data were averaged and processed to implicitly define a stochastic convection parameterization. This parameterization is learned from the data using an ensemble of NNs. The NN ensemble members are trained and tested. The inherent uncertainty of the stochastic convection parameterization derived following this approach is estimated. The newly developed NN convection parameterization has been tested in National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community AtmosphericModel (CAM). It produced reasonable and promising decadal climate simulations for a large tropical Pacific region. The extent of the adaptive ability of the developed NN parameterization to the changes in the model environment is briefly discussed. This paper is devoted to a proof of concept and discusses methodology, initial results, and the major challenges of using the NN technique for developing convection parameterizations for climate and NWP models.","PeriodicalId":7288,"journal":{"name":"Adv. Artif. Neural Syst.","volume":"120 1","pages":"485913:1-485913:13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88296294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An approach for nonsupervised segmentation of Computed Tomography (CT) brain slices which is based on the use of Vector Quantization Networks (VQNs) is described. Images are segmented via a VQN in such way that tissue is characterized according to its geometrical and topological neighborhood. The main contribution rises from the proposal of a similarity metric which is based on the application of Discrete Compactness (DC) which is a factor that provides information about the shape of an object. One of its main strengths lies in the sense of its low sensitivity to variations, due to noise or capture defects, in the shape of an object. We will present, compare, and discuss some examples of segmentation networks trained under Kohonen's original algorithm and also under our similarity metric. Some experiments are established in order tomeasure the effectiveness and robustness, under our application of interest, of the proposed networks and similarity metric.
{"title":"Novel Discrete Compactness-Based Training for Vector Quantization Networks: Enhancing Automatic Brain Tissue Classification","authors":"R. Pérez-Aguila","doi":"10.1155/2013/278241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/278241","url":null,"abstract":"An approach for nonsupervised segmentation of Computed Tomography (CT) brain slices which is based on the use of Vector Quantization Networks (VQNs) is described. Images are segmented via a VQN in such way that tissue is characterized according to its geometrical and topological neighborhood. The main contribution rises from the proposal of a similarity metric which is based on the application of Discrete Compactness (DC) which is a factor that provides information about the shape of an object. One of its main strengths lies in the sense of its low sensitivity to variations, due to noise or capture defects, in the shape of an object. We will present, compare, and discuss some examples of segmentation networks trained under Kohonen's original algorithm and also under our similarity metric. Some experiments are established in order tomeasure the effectiveness and robustness, under our application of interest, of the proposed networks and similarity metric.","PeriodicalId":7288,"journal":{"name":"Adv. Artif. Neural Syst.","volume":"125 1","pages":"278241:1-278241:18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77972354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a neural scheme for controlling an actuator of pneumatic control valve system. Bondgraph method has been used to model the actuator of control valve, in order to compare the response characteristics of valve. The proposed controller is such that the system is always operating in a closed loop, which should lead to better performance characteristics. For comparison, minimum- and full-order observer controllers are also utilized to control the actuator of pneumatic control valve. Simulation results give superior performance of the proposed neural control scheme.
{"title":"Stem Control of a Sliding-Stem Pneumatic Control Valve Using a Recurrent Neural Network","authors":"M. Heidari, H. Homaei","doi":"10.1155/2013/410870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/410870","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a neural scheme for controlling an actuator of pneumatic control valve system. Bondgraph method has been used to model the actuator of control valve, in order to compare the response characteristics of valve. The proposed controller is such that the system is always operating in a closed loop, which should lead to better performance characteristics. For comparison, minimum- and full-order observer controllers are also utilized to control the actuator of pneumatic control valve. Simulation results give superior performance of the proposed neural control scheme.","PeriodicalId":7288,"journal":{"name":"Adv. Artif. Neural Syst.","volume":"186 1","pages":"410870:1-410870:7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80624660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with the stability problem for a class of impulsive neural networks. Some sufficient conditions which can guarantee the globally exponential stability of the addressed models with given convergence rate are derived by using Lyapunov function and impulsive analysis techniques. Finally, an example is given to show the effectiveness of the obtained results.
{"title":"Globally Exponential Stability of Impulsive Neural Networks with Given Convergence Rate","authors":"Chengyan Liu, Xiaodi Li, Xilin Fu","doi":"10.1155/2013/908602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/908602","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the stability problem for a class of impulsive neural networks. Some sufficient conditions which can guarantee the globally exponential stability of the addressed models with given convergence rate are derived by using Lyapunov function and impulsive analysis techniques. Finally, an example is given to show the effectiveness of the obtained results.","PeriodicalId":7288,"journal":{"name":"Adv. Artif. Neural Syst.","volume":"263 1","pages":"908602:1-908602:5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75109206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ortiz, J. Górriz, J. Ramírez, D. Salas-González
{"title":"Erratum to \"Unsupervised Neural Techniques Applied to MR Brain Image Segmentation\"","authors":"A. Ortiz, J. Górriz, J. Ramírez, D. Salas-González","doi":"10.1155/2013/187074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/187074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7288,"journal":{"name":"Adv. Artif. Neural Syst.","volume":"14 1","pages":"187074:1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81908204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Chiu, Yu-Chin Chen, Shin-An Wang, Yen-Chun Chang, Li-Chien Chen
This paper aims to construct intelligence models by applying the technologies of artificial neural networks including backpropagation network (BPN), generalized feedforward neural networks (GRNN), and modular neural network (MNN) that are developed, respectively, for the early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The comparison of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity among three models is subsequently performed. The model of best performance is chosen. By leveraging the aid of this system, CKD physicians can have an alternative way to detect chronic kidney diseases in early stage of a patient. Meanwhile, it may also be used by the public for self-detecting the risk of contracting CKD.
{"title":"Intelligent Systems Developed for the Early Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"R. Chiu, Yu-Chin Chen, Shin-An Wang, Yen-Chun Chang, Li-Chien Chen","doi":"10.1155/2013/539570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/539570","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to construct intelligence models by applying the technologies of artificial neural networks including backpropagation network (BPN), generalized feedforward neural networks (GRNN), and modular neural network (MNN) that are developed, respectively, for the early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The comparison of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity among three models is subsequently performed. The model of best performance is chosen. By leveraging the aid of this system, CKD physicians can have an alternative way to detect chronic kidney diseases in early stage of a patient. Meanwhile, it may also be used by the public for self-detecting the risk of contracting CKD.","PeriodicalId":7288,"journal":{"name":"Adv. Artif. Neural Syst.","volume":"46 1","pages":"539570:1-539570:7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79697770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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