Engineered regeneration最新文献

Conditioned medium (CM) derived from human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) which contains numerous amounts of growth factors, has demonstrated potential in treatment of diabetic wounds. However, for practical application, a biodegradable supporting material is needed to hold the CM and fill in the injury site, where deep cavity wounds are often present in diabetic patients. Poly-l-lactic acid matrix coated with collagen (PLLA/CC) is a suitable carrier due to its biodegradability and biocompatibility. Thus, we present a method to immobilize the hUC-MSCs CM on PLLA/CC through freeze-drying process (PLLA/CC CM FD). When seeded on PLLA/CC CM FD, fibroblasts had an increased cellular function in producing collagen; although no enhancement in cell viability was observed. Moreover, implantation of PLLA/CC CM FD on the wound of diabetic rats showed improvement in wound closure and collagen deposition in the wound area. Altogether, this study exhibits the potential of PLLA/CC CM FD as a therapy for diabetic deep cavity wound.

Biometal ions are crucial in the structure and function of living organisms and have extensively been employed to promote bone tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, the biological functions of biometal ions and the underlying mechanisms responsible for their pro-regenerative effects remain incompletely understood, since bone repair is an intricate physiological process involving multiple cell types and signals. Recent accomplishments in the osteoimmunological field have revealed the momentous involvement of the immune system in mediating the therapeutic effects of biometal ions. The inflammatory factors secreted by immune cells contribute to bone cell migration, activation, and proliferation. This review summarizes the immune system and its constituent cells, followed by the current perspective on immunomodulation during bone healing. Next, the physicochemical and physiological properties of various biometal ions, including lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, vanadium, iron, cobalt, copper, and zinc, are thoroughly reviewed. In addition, the interactions between biometal ions, immune cells, and bone tissue are discussed, aiming to provide insights into the prospective development of novel approaches to bone tissue regeneration by harnessing the therapeutic potential of these biometal ions.

Wound healing is a crucial biological process for tissue repair and regeneration, preventing infections and complications. There's been a growing interest in exploring sustainable wound healing strategies in recent years. This review examines the use of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in sustainable wound healing strategies. It highlights the need for innovative approaches and the challenges posed by infections. The current wound therapies and treatments, highlighting gaps in existing methodologies, are evaluated. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in green synthesis techniques for the synthesis of AgNPs. The properties and characterization of AgNPs are elucidated, providing insights into their efficacy. The biocompatibility of AgNPs in wound healing is also explored, emphasizing safety in medical applications. Green synthesized AgNPs incorporated wound dressings are detailed, showcasing their potential in clinical settings. Challenges and future perspectives are discussed, addressing hurdles to widespread implementation. The conclusion consolidates key findings, offering a synthesized perspective on the potential of green-synthesized AgNPs in revolutionizing current knowledge on innovative approaches for sustainable wound healing practices.

Inflammation can initiate osteolysis, which is the breakdown of bone by fully developed osteoclasts. The compound Oleandrin is recognized for its effects against inflammation and tumors. Our objective was to examine the effects of Oleandrin on osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis, both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the impact of Oleandrin on osteoclastogenesis was assessed using CCK-8 assays, TRAP staining, and bone resorption assays. Additionally, a mouse model of osteolysis caused by LPS injection into the calvaria was used to conduct an in vivo investigation, examining bone histomorphology, histology, and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, concentrations of 5 nM and 10 nM of Oleandrin were found to be non-cytotoxic based on the results obtained. In vitro, Oleandrin hindered the osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption induced by RANKL. Oleandrin successfully inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and PI3K p85 in osteolytic tissue, thereby suppressing LPS-induced inflammatory osteolysis in mice calvaria during the in vivo study. Furthermore, the Oleandrin-treated group exhibited a noteworthy decrease in the expression level of NFATc1, which is a crucial controller of osteoclastogenesis. To sum up, our discoveries indicate that Oleandrin could hinder osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, thereby having the ability to suppress inflammation-induced osteolysis. The underlying mechanism involves the NF-κB/PI3K pathway and inhibition of NFATc1 activation. Therefore, the findings suggest that Oleandrin holds potential as a therapeutic remedy for osteolytic ailments.

Malignant melanoma (MM) is an extremely aggressive and fatal form of skin cancer that primarily affects the bottom layer of the epidermis and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Early-stage MM is typically treated through surgical removal, while chemotherapy and radiotherapy are common conventional treatment options that come with harmful side effects. Emerging therapies such as immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, biologic therapy, and photothermal therapy present hopeful options for treatment due to their effective and secure drug delivery methods. To address the limitations of current treatment options, advanced methods of drug delivery for subcutaneous MM are being developed, with hydrogels emerging as a promising alternative. To date, significant advancements have been made in the treatment of MM through the use of hydrogels-based drug delivery systems through focal plastering, injection, implantation, and microneedles. Recent research on hydrogel-based drug delivery systems that integrate multiple therapies for the treatment of subcutaneous MM is discussed in this review.

Silver nanoparticles are among the most widely researched and used for nanotechnology-derived structures due to their extraordinary inherent optical properties, chemical stability, catalytic activity, and high conductivity. These idiosyncratic properties can be attributed to their unique physico-chemical characteristics, such as ultrafine sizes, high surface area, diverse shapes, and strong localized surface plasmon resonance. These distinctive features can be tailored using various physical, chemical, and biological synthesis methods. Various physical techniques are viable for producing silver nanoparticles on a large scale, but they suffer from drawbacks such as high-power consumption, expensive set-up, and limited control over nanoparticle size distribution. Chemical methods provide benefits like high yield, consistent shape and size distribution, and cost efficiency, but the residual toxicity of the chemicals involved hinders their biological applications. Biological synthesis approaches effectively overcome the limitations of both physical and chemical methods by eliminating the need for hazardous chemicals, requiring less energy, enabling diverse nanoparticle morphologies, and offering eco-friendliness and exceptional biocompatibility. The novel and promising properties of nanosilver-based biomaterials have been demonstrated to be suitable for a wide range of pharmacological and therapeutic biomedical applications. Their extensive application in wound healing, dentistry, cardiovascular disease treatment, nerve tissue engineering, cancer treatment, and biosensing can be attributed to their inherent antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, antithrombotic properties, potential for nerve regeneration, photothermal conversion efficiency and sensitivity, respectively. This review discusses the different methods employed for synthesising silver nanoparticles and focuses on using nanosilver-based biomaterials for various biomedical applications.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common malignant tumors in children and young adults. As chemotherapy and other therapies are limited by low therapeutic efficiency, severe side effects and single therapeutic function, it is of high value to develop innovative therapies for precise and efficient treatment of OS. Herein, natural photosynthetic microalgae (C. vulgaris, CV) were utilized as carriers for the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) to create a multifunctional therapeutic platform (CV@DOX) for the photo-modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy of osteosarcoma. CV@DOX exhibited rapid drug release behavior in the acidic TME, improving the efficiency of chemotherapy against tumors and reducing side effects on other normal tissues. Under 650 nm laser irradiation, CV@DOX demonstrated the ability to effectively generate oxygen to alleviate tumor hypoxia and utilize the photosensitizing properties of chlorophyll in CV to produce an increased amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby enhancing photodynamic therapy (PDT). CV@DOX-mediated synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy demonstrated efficacy in halting tumor progression in an orthotopic osteosarcoma mouse model by promoting tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting tumor proliferation and angiogenesis. Moreover, chlorophyll-assisted fluorescence imaging enabled monitoring of the distribution of CV@DOX in osteosarcoma after administration. Finally, CV@DOX did not cause significant hematological and tissue toxicity, and prevented DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, showing good in vivo biocompatibility. Overall, this work presents a novel TME-responsive and TME-modulating platform for imaging-guided multimodal osteosarcoma treatment.

Persistent inflammatory responses often occur when bacteria and other microorganisms frequently invade and colonize open wounds and eventually result in the formation of chronic wounds. Therefore, achieving real-time detection of invasive bacteria accurately and promptly is essential for efficient wound management and accelerating the healing process. Recently, flexible wearable sensors have garnered significant attention, especially those designed for monitoring real-time biophysical or biochemical signals in wound sites in a minimally invasive manner. They provide more precise and continuous monitoring data, making them as emerging tools for clinical diagnostics. In this review, we first discuss the species and community distribution of different types of bacteria in chronic wounds. Next, we introduce currently developed techniques for detecting bacteria at wound sites. Following that, we discuss the recent progress and unresolved issues of various flexible wearable sensors in detecting bacteria at wound sites. We believe that this review can provide meaningful guidance for the development of flexible wearable sensors for bacteria detection.

Utilizing biomaterials in tissue engineering has shown considerable promise for tissue regeneration, particularly through delivering multimodel cell-regulatory signals, including the material-related signals and extrinsic stimuli. In this research, we developed a magnetic-responsive aligned nanofiber fibrin hydrogel (MAFG), integrating the structured alignment of nanofibers and the pliability of fibrin hydrogel with an external magnetic field. This design aimed to enhance the regenerative response in spinal cord injury treatment. A medium-strength magnetic field, aligned with the spinal cord, was applied to aid motor function recovery in rats with spinal cord injuries. The use of MAFG in this context not only intensified the effect of the magnetic field but also encouraged the activation and differentiation of native neural stem cells. Furthermore, this method effectively steered macrophage polarization towards a beneficial M2 phenotype, addressing immune dysregulation at the injury site. The parallel application of magnetic field stimulation through MAFG in a spinal cord injury model contributed to the concurrent promotion of neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation, resulting in marked improvement in motor function in rats. This investigation underscores the therapeutic potential of magnetic field stimulation and highlights how aligning this stimulation with the spinal cord can significantly enhance the regenerative milieu at the injury site.