Engineered regeneration最新文献

Bacteria-related wound infection and healing have been a major issue for patients and health-care systems for decades. The rise and evolution of effective treatment will result in significant benefits to human beings. In addition to standard antibacterial drugs, a combination of nanoparticles (NPs) and biological membranes is widely applied as a novel antibacterial agent against infectious pathogens. In this paper, the red blood cell membrane-encapsulated selenium nanoparticles (R-SeNPs) were fabricated for infectious wound healing. The stability, the immune evading capability, and the internal circulation time of the R-SeNPs were notably enhanced compared with those of bare selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). Moreover, in vivo studies demonstrated the outstanding performance of the R-SeNPs in infectious wound healing. The biomimetic selenium nanosystem demonstrated the benefits of the combination of nanotechnology and bionics design and will contribute to wound healing in the future.

Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) has become one of the mainstream refractive surgeries in recent years, with satisfactory efficacy, safety, and predictability. SMILE-derived refractive lenticule, the byproduct of the surgery, holds great potential in clinical practice given its easy access and good biocompatibility. Numerous studies have been published to describe its applications in refractive correction, corneal ectasia diseases, and corneal defects. The feasibility and safety were validated in both animal models and clinical studies. Moreover, the preservation method is also crucial for its further promotion and application. Novel techniques are also evaluated and applied in lenticule preservation. We covered the recent advances in the preservation of corneal stromal lenticules and their clinical reuse in this review.

Tissue engineering is a well-proven technique for the creation of functional alternatives for regenerative medicine and plays a critical role in patient treatment. Several natural-origin biopolymers such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, collagen, etc. are extensively explored for various biomedical applications. Among, these polymers are exclusively investigated in tissue engineering applications due to their highly favorable properties, such as high biocompatibility, slow degradation, mechanical tenability, structural similarity with native tissues, bioactivity, etc. The present review summarizes the recent advances of biopolymers in bone tissue engineering It also covers the topic of natural polymer modification to achieve superior characteristics primarily mechanical properties towards bone regeneration and discussed the best methods for dealing with them. Therefore, the review can drive the development of biomimetic materials for futuristic applications.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a complex etiology. The main neuropathological feature is the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ), and the dysregulation of the cholinergic system is well associated with its mechanism of occurrence, for which no effective treatment is yet available. Daily oral administration remains the mainstay of treatment with AD, and how to improve the efficacy, prolong adsorption and medication compliance is still the focus of the current solution. We proposed a microcapsule based on microfluidic electrospray to form an intestinal epithelial lining for AD treatment, reducing the frequency of administration. Microfluidic electrospray technology was recruited to overcome the limitations associated with the variability in the microencapsulation production process and to produce functional microcapsules with finely adapted chemical composition, capsule thickness and encapsulant volume ratio. These microcapsules could slowly release drugs after adhering to the intestine, and their effectiveness and safety were further evaluated using cell culture studies and animal model studies. The results from the in vivo and in vitro experiments showed a significant reduction in administration frequency (i.e., from daily medication to once every five days), superior therapeutic efficacy and sufficient safety of these microcapsules in cell culture and APP/PS1 mice. These features make the microcapsules an excellent drug delivery system and represent great potential for clinical applications in AD.

The skin is an important organ of the human body that resists external threats but lacks sufficient self-regeneration ability when severe damage occurs. However, most of the available skin substitutes cannot achieve ideal restoration of complex structures and multiple functions of native skin tissues. Fortunately, the advent of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) offers a promising approach to overcome these obstacles. The dECM, derived from the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), possesses a similar structure and composition, which constructs an environment favorable for cell performance in regeneration. Moreover, dECM retains good bioactivity, low immunogenicity, and high availability, making it a suitable biomaterial for skin repair and regeneration. In this review, various decellularization methods and subsequent evaluations of dECM are introduced first, and the main sources of dECM are then presented. Furthermore, the recent progress of dECM-based biomaterials applied in skin regeneration and future perspectives are summarized.

Exosomes are nanoscale membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, which have enormous potential as disease biomarkers for clinical application. However, the isolation and detection of exosomes remain enormous challenges, which limits their further application. Herein, inspired by immunomagnetic beads, a magnetic nanoparticle conjugated aptamer was repurposed for the effective capture and detection of exosomes. The magnetic nanoparticles, composed of Fe₃O₄ synthesized by the hydrothermal method as the core and coupled with gold nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@Au), provide a large specific surface area, making the resulting composite material an effective platform for exosome capture. Furthermore, the elution of captured exosomes with 1.0 M NaCl made downstream analysis of exosomes possible. The preliminary clinical application value of the composite in exosome analyses of serum from healthy individuals and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has also been verified, which could provide a promising platform for biomedical and clinical diagnosis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a systemic disorder affecting intestinal tract and other organs outside the gut, known as extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs). These EIMs are complex and diverse, and early treatment may reduce teratogenic rates and improve quality of life. However, our understanding of EIMs in IBD is currently limited by a lack of mechanistic insight. Fortunately, advances in our understanding of intestinal microecology are allowing us to uncover the underlying mechanisms of EIMs. The gut microbiota can drive aberrant immune activation and intestinal inflammation. Intriguingly, chronic inflammation can also shape the microbiome in reverse and aggravate dysbiosis. Recent research has revealed that microbiome-derived signal molecules play a crucial role in catalyzing enterocolitis and altering mucosal barrier function. Furthermore, gut microbiota-associated antigens can translocate from the intestine to extraintestinal sites, leading to systemic inflammatory responses. The microbiome is showing its potential in treating IBD and EIMs, and microbial engineering approaches, such as probiotic engineering and engineered fecal microbiota transplantation, are exhibiting great promise for IBD therapeutics.

Natural biomaterials have been widely applied in wound treatment. Hotspots in this area are focused on reducing their immunogenicity and improving their therapeutic effect. In this work, we present a novel aquaculture derived hybrid skin patch based on acellular fish skin (AFS) and chitosan (CS) for wound healing. Such functional patch was simply constructed by infiltrating the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded CS pregel into the porous scaffold of the AFS. As the natural molecules and structure of fish skin are well-retained during the synthesis processes, the final patch presented brilliant tensile property, water-absorption property, good biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. In addition, the integrated CS and VEGF endow the patch with antibacterial and angiogenesis capability respectively for promoting tissue growth and wound healing. Thus, in a full-thickness wound rat model, the hybrid patch has been demonstrated with dramatic therapeutic efficacy in inhibiting inflammatory, accelerating angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and tissue generation during the wound repair procedure. These features imply the practical value of this multifunctional aquaculture derived hybrid skin patch in clinical wound management.

Chronic wounds are characterized by prolonged healing processes and poor prognoses, which have substantially impacted human health and daily life. Traditional treatment strategies have various limitations and drawbacks. Therefore, fully effective therapeutic approaches remain urgently needed. Stem cell (SC)-based therapies have drawn significant attention for their abilities of immunomodulation and pro-regeneration. It has been demonstrated that stem cells (SCs) can improve angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and hair rejuvenation, thus facilitating wound healing. In addition, attempts were performed to facilitate the cell survival, function, retention, and engraftment of the delivered SCs. In this review, we first introduce the pathological process involved in chronic wound healing. Following that, the mechanism of SCs in promoting chronic wound repair is discussed in detail. Then, we highlight recent SC-based therapies for chronic wound repair developments. Finally, we present our views on the remaining challenges and future trends of SC-based therapies for chronic wound treatment.