Engineered regeneration最新文献

Regeneration of craniofacial bone defects is a key issue in the bone regeneration field. Hence, novel treatment strategies, such as tissue engineering using porous scaffolds, have been developed. An ideal tissue-engineered scaffold for bone tissue regeneration should possess pores to facilitate nutrients transmission and support reparative tissue ingrowth, bioactivity for osteoconduction and osseointegration, and biocompatibility to improve cell attachment, proliferation, and extracellular matrix formation. In the present study, we manufactured chitosan-based hydrogels substituted with alginate with optimized properties by extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) printing. 3D printing of the scaffolds enables the designing and developing of complex architectures for craniofacial reconstruction using computer-aided design (CAD). Different ratios (2.5, 5, and 10%) of hydroxyapatite were added to the hydrogel, printed, and subsequently lyophilized to augment the physical and biological characteristics of the scaffolds. Hydroxyapatite incorporation into the chitosan-based scaffolds increased the porosity and pore size of the printed scaffolds. In addition, the presence of hydroxyapatite amplified apatite formation and decreased the size of formed apatite crystals. All the scaffold samples showed biocompatible properties and did not have toxicity toward rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Furthermore, the scaffolds containing 5% w/w hydroxyapatite exhibited significant growth in cell viability compared to the control. Overall, it is concluded that chitosan-based scaffolds adorned with hydroxyapatite are considerable for regenerating craniofacial bone defects.

Decellularized scaffolds have an irreplaceable role in the development of tissue engineering. Challenges in this field are concentrated on shaping macro-scale constructs and maintaining blood flow. Here, we establish a whole liver perfused decellularized scaffold cultured with hepatocytes for transplantable bioengineered liver construction. Owing to retained intact gross morphology of liver, geometric structure and biomechanical environment can support whole liver lobe transplantation. Besides, unremoved extracellular matrix (ECM) and vascular networks can delivery continuous nutrient for cell adhesion. Based on recellularized bioengineering liver scaffold, we have demonstrated its excellent hepatic functions when it orthotopic implanted in acute liver failure (ALF) rats, along with the prolonged survival rate and improved biochemical indicators. These outstanding properties indicate that the orthotopic implantable liver scaffold has broad clinical application prospects in the treatment of ALF and other regeneration diseases.

Sleep posture monitoring is an essential assessment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. The objective of this study is to develop a machine learning-based sleep posture recognition system using a dual ultra-wideband radar system. We collected radiofrequency data from two radars positioned over and at the side of the bed for 16 patients performing four sleep postures (supine, left and right lateral, and prone). We proposed and evaluated deep learning approaches that streamlined feature extraction and classification, and the traditional machine learning approaches that involved different combinations of feature extractors and classifiers. Our results showed that the dual radar system performed better than either single radar. Predetermined statistical features with random forest classifier yielded the best accuracy (0.887), which could be further improved via an ablation study (0.938). Deep learning approach using transformer yielded accuracy of 0.713.

Post-stroke depression (PSD) has negative impacts on the daily life of stroke survivors and delays their neurological recovery. However, traditional post-stroke rehabilitation mainly focused on motor restoration, whereas little attention was given to the affective deficits. Effective management of PSD, including diagnosis, intervention, and follow-ups, is essential for post-stroke rehabilitation. As an objective measurement of the nervous system, electroencephalography (EEG) has been applied to the diagnosis and evaluation of PSD. In this paper, we reviewed the literature most related to the clinical applications of EEG for PSD and offered a cross-section that is useful for selecting appropriate approaches in practice. This study aimed to gather EEG-based empirical evidence for PSD diagnosis, review interventions for managing PSD, and analyze the evaluation approaches. In total, 33 diagnostic studies and 19 intervention studies related to PSD and depression were selected from the literature. It was found that the EEG features analyzed by both band-based and nonlinear dynamic approaches were capable of quantifying the abnormal neural responses on the cortical level for PSD diagnosis and intervention evaluation/prediction. Meanwhile, EEG-based machine learning has also been applied to the diagnosis and evaluation of depression to automate and speed up the process, and the results have been promising. Although brain-computer interface (BCI) interventions have been widely applied to post-stroke motor rehabilitation and cognitive training, BCI emotional training has not been directly used in PSD yet. This review showed the need for understanding the cortical responses of PSD to improve its diagnosis and precision treatment. It also revealed that future post-stroke rehabilitation plans should include training sessions for motor, affect, and cognitive functions and closely monitor their improvements.

Ischemic stroke is one of the most common public diseases that increase mortality. In the ischemic brain, blood flow restoration can cause the generation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Endogenous anti-oxidases in the living system, including catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), can consume the excess ROS by catalysis to regulate inflammation. However, these natural enzymes are difficult to be widely used in the treatment of stroke. Taking advantages of high stability, low cost, and long-term storage, antioxidative nanozymes-mediated treatments have been proven as a promising method against ischemic stroke. To highlight the progress, we summarize the advances in nanozymes with the antioxidative ability for treating ischemic stroke. It is believed that such a promising therapeutic strategy of antioxidative nanozymes will significantly contribute to the field of ischemic stroke. We expect that antioxidative nanozymes will play significant roles in both basic research and clinical applications.

Spinal cord injury (SCI), which causes irreversible damage in both sensory and motor function, is considered an insurmountable challenge in the field of medicine. The previous researchers have developed many kinds of biomaterials for SCI, and spinal cord conduits (SCCs) are an important classification for bridging spinal cord tissues while performing their corresponding functions. In this review, we first describe the original sources of the different polymers that determine the properties of the different SCCs. Afterwards, we focus on the different types of crosslinking methods used for preparing SCCs. Then, various practical applications and therapeutic effects of SCCs are summarized and discussed. Finally, we conclude the existing limitations of current SCCs. We hope that this paper will serve as a further inspiration for the development of SCCs in future.

Poly-L-lysine (PLL) is a water-soluble biopolymer consist of repeating unit of L-lysine. It displays intrinsic non-antigenicity, antibacterial property, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, and facile synthesis procedure, therefore has attracted particular attention in various biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Following a brief introduction to PLL synthesis, this review focuses on the significant advances of PLL and PLL-derived complexes utilized in cargo delivery, tissue adhesives, and antibacterial materials. Meanwhile, this review summarized the modification and optimization of PLL complexes for further clinical translational studies. The final section discusses the challenges and opportunities of PLL-based complexes in the biomedical areas.

Lung cancer has become one of the key life-threatening factors and is the most common type of tumor. With the improvement of equipment and the improvement of lung cancer awareness, the surgical treatment of lung cancer is becoming more and more mature. Surgery can provide an important part of individualized treatment strategies for patients with different stages of lung cancer and different wishes. In addition, the concept of minimally invasive, precise, and intelligent has triggered a revolutionary change in the surgical treatment strategy for lung cancer. Therefore, this review focuses on the development of lung cancer surgery history, summarizing the era from traditional surgery to the era of minimally invasive thoracic surgery based on TV-assisted thoracic surgery. The operating methods and treatment effects of different surgical methods are comprehensively introduced, and the optimization and improvement of different surgical methods in the future are also discussed. Along with the concept of minimally invasive surgical techniques, there are more and more explorations of nanotechnology in the surgical treatment of lung cancer. The application of nanotechnology in lung cancer imaging, and the combination of surgery with nanomedicine is an effective solution for cancer treatment today. So, this review also summarizes the application prospects of nanotechnology before, during and after lung cancer surgery.