Engineered regeneration最新文献

Polyethylene terephthalate glycol, PETG, is a miscible, transparent thermoplastic known to have strong tensile properties, high ductility, as well as resistance to heat and chemical insults. PETG may be manufactured in several ways, most notably 3D printing modalities. As such, PETG has emerged as a viable biomaterial for a variety of medical applications such as tissue engineering, dentistry, optometry, vascular health, cardiology, orthopedics, neurology, gynecology, and surgery. PETG also serves a valuable role in biomedical research and engineering by offering improvements in cell studies, drug carriers, and anti-bacterial measures. Further medical research and innovation utilizing PETG will better characterize its value as an inexpensive and versatile biomaterial.

Tanycytes are stem/progenitor cells that reside in the hypothalamus of the adult vertebrate brain. Tanycytes can be cultured as free-floating neurospheres in vitro but tend to spontaneously differentiate over time. Here we asked whether morphological cues provided by engineered polymer scaffolds can modify spontaneous differentiation. Tanycyte-derived neurospheres were cultured on electrospun scaffolds, prepared with either random or aligned fiber morphologies. Cells dispersed widely on the scaffolds, and - on aligned scaffolds - were highly organized, orientated parallel to the fibers. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that cells cultured on aligned scaffolds showed significantly greater expression of the neural stem/progenitor cell marker, NrCAM and reduced expression of differentiated cell markers in comparison to those cultured on random scaffolds. Together this shows that tanycytes respond to local engineered cues, and that a morphologically constrained environment can better maintain tanycytes as stem cells. The aligned scaffold culture system provides a powerful tool to better investigate this novel stem/progenitor cell population.

Bone fractures are common occurrence in clinical settings, creating a high demand for effective repair material. Unfortunately, limited graft availability, donor site morbidities, unpredictable clinical outcomes, immunologic reactions, infection risks, and geometrical mismatching concerns hampered tissue graft use and underscored the need for scaffolds for more effective bone reconstructions due to their tunable properties. Significant progress has been carried out in past decade in the fields of nanoceramics synthesis, bioconjugate chemistry, and composite material processing. This review outlines hierarchical structures and biology of bone tissue, materialistic components of scaffolds (bioceramics, polymers, bioactive drugs), featured scaffolding strategies (nanofibers, hydrogels, aerogels, bioprinting, and fiber-reinforced composite), and emphasis that hierarchical and physiochemical characteristics of bone should be used as an inspiration for scaffold design. This review discussed how differences in materiobiological aspects of scaffolds, such as polymer/bioceramic nanocomposite, mineralized nanocomposite, matrix-rich nanocomposite, 3D microenvironmental cues, pore space cues, mechanical cues, usage of physical stimulation (magnetic, electroactive, and photoactivated cues), surface cues (wettability, roughness, textured, and surface charge), and biointerface cues (cell–biomaterial interactions, cell-selective homing, and cell regulatory strategies) modulate cellular and biological response for bone tissue engineering. This study further outlines the challenges and benefits of integrating materiobiological cues of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

Mechanically strong magnesium-doped Ca-silicate bioceramic scaffolds have many advantages in repairing large segmental bone defects. Herein we combine β-TCP with 6 mol% magnesium-doped calcium silicate (Mg6) at three different ratios (TCP, TCP+15 %Mg6, TCP+85 %Mg6) to find an appropriate ratio which can exert considerable influence on bone regeneration. In this study, the bioceramic scaffolds were assessed for mechanical strength, bioactive ion release, biocompatibility, and osteogenic capacity through in vitro testing. Additionally, the potential for promoting bone regeneration was investigated through in vivo implantation of porous tube-like scaffolds. The results showed that the compressive strength increased with the augmentation of Mg6 component. Especially the compressive strength of the TCP+85 %Mg6 group reached 38.1 ± 3.8 MPa, three times that of the other two groups. Furthermore, extensive in vivo investigations revealed that the TCP+85 %Mg6 bioceramic scaffolds were particularly beneficial for the osteogenic capacity of critical-sized femoral defects (20 mm in length). Altogether, magnesium doping in bioceramic implants is a promising strategy to provide stronger mechanical support and enhance osteogenesis to accelerate the repair of large defects.

Skin damage resulting from burns, injuries, or diseases can lead to significant functional and esthetic deficits. However, traditional treatments, such as skin grafting, have limitations including limited donor skin availability, poor aesthetics, and functional impairment. Skin tissue engineering provides a promising alternative, with engineered artificial skins offering a highly viable avenue. Engineered artificial skin is designed to mimic or replace the functions of natural human skin and find applications in various medical treatments, particularly for severe burns, chronic wounds, and other skin injuries or defects. These artificial skins aim to promote wound healing, provide temporary coverage, permanent skin replacement, and restore the skin's barrier function. Artificial skins have diverse applications in medicine and wound care, addressing burns, chronic wounds, and traumatic injuries. They also serve as valuable tools for research in tissue engineering, offering experimental models for studying wound healing mechanisms, testing new biomaterials, and exploring innovative approaches to skin regeneration. This review provides an overview of current construction strategies for engineered artificial skin, including cell sources, biomaterials, and construction techniques. It further explores the primary application areas and future prospects of artificial skin, highlighting their potential to revolutionize skin reconstruction and advance the field of regenerative medicine.

Cell alignment plays a vital role in tissue regeneration, especially for neural cells like neurons. Recent progress in biomaterial technologies has enabled the creation of various approaches for engineering neural cell alignment, which has demonstrated significant effectiveness in several biomedical applications. This review primarily concentrates on the latest advancements for in vitro engineering of neural cell alignment. We also summarized their applications in biomedical research, particularly their potential in addressing nervous system injuries. Finally, we analyze the current challenges associated with engineering neural cell alignment and provide insights into future perspectives in this field.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale substances produced by most cells, which were not fully understood in the early years. However, with the development of advanced techniques, researchers have discovered that EVs play an essential role in information exchange and signal transduction between cells. Nowadays, EVs are being used, modified, and developed as a natural drug carrier in various medical fields because of their high biocompatibility and natural affinity with the source body. Many studies have shown that multiple sources of EVs have been modified and utilized in cancer therapy to improve patients' treatment windows and effectively prolong patient survival. In this paper, we review the advances in the treatment of cancer based on EVs. We summarize the types of EVs loading therapy, the modes of drug loading and the latest therapeutic applications of multiple modes combined with EVs in cancer treatment. We conclude with a discussion of the current status, challenges, and prospects of EVs as a tool for tumor therapy.

Cells, wrapped among their neighbors and surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), form cell-cell adhesions and cell-ECM adhesions. Extracellular biophysical cues exert a far-reaching influence on a sweeping of cell behaviors, including signal transduction, gene expression, and fate determination. Cell-cell adhesions mediated by intercellular adhesion molecules bridge the membranes of adjacent cells through either heterophilic or homophilic adhesive interactions, playing a critical part in multicellular structural maintenance and, therefore, a foundation for multicellular organisms. Cell-ECM adhesions are derived from the interaction between cell adhesion receptors and multi-adhesive matrix proteins to ensure cell and tissue cohesion. Whereas cells not only unilaterally respond to certain cues from extracellular environment but can also alter the physicochemical profiles of the externalities and hence hold important implications for clinical applications. The essential function of cell adhesions has created tremendous interests in developing methods for measuring and studying cell adhesion properties, namely, cellular force. Here, we describe the collection of cell adhesive inputs on cellular signaling cascades and the “crosstalk” between cell-cell adhesions and cell-ECM adhesions. Furthermore, we provide the summary of the current methods to measure such cell adhesive forces.

Sensory hair cells are responsible for detecting and transmitting sound in the inner ear, and damage to HCs leads to hearing loss. HCs do not regenerate spontaneously in adult mammals, which makes the hearing loss permanent. However, hair cells and supporting cells have the same precursors in the inner ear, and in newborn mice, the adjacent SCs can be activated by gene manipulation to differentiate into newly regenerated hair cells. Here, we demonstrate the role of the Ras association domain family member 2 (Rassf2) in supporting cell to hair cell trans-differentiation in the inner ear. Using the AAV vector (AAV-ie) to upregulate Rassf2 expression promoted supporting cell division and hair cell production in cultured cochlear organoids. Also, AAV-Rassf2 enhanced the regenerative ability of Lgr5⁺ SCs in the postnatal cochlea without impairing hearing, and this might due to the modulation of the Wnt, Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways. Furthermore, AAV-Rassf2 enhances cochlear supporting cell division and hair cell production in the neomycin injury model. In summary, our results suggest that Rassf2 is a key component in HC regenerative repair, and gene modulation mediated by adeno-associated virus may be a promising gene therapy for hearing repair.

Multiplex, rapid and accurate virus quantification plays a great value in biomedical detection. Here, a novel one step, wash-free immunoassay platform based bioinspired PhC barcodes for multiplexed virus quantification was explored. PhC barcodes were decorated with PDA by self-polymerization of DA, thus this nanocomposite hybridized PhC barcodes facilitated the adsorption of FITC labelled antibodies and quenched itself photoluminescent, allowing a fast responsive composite platform. In the presence of target analyte, the FITC-labelled detection antibody was released from the surface of PDA decorated microcarrier to specifically bind to the target analyte, thus recovered the photoluminescence. In addition, the PhC microcarrier was enabled to carry out various color barcode for different targets detection though tuning internal periodic structures. Based on these excellent performances of the nanocomposite barcode, this method can not only capture H1N1, H5N1, SARS-CoV-2 simultaneously with rapid, accuracy but also accomplish multiplex quantification detection with high-sensitivity. Furthermore, our developed platform was also achieved with high-sensitivity and high-specificity through the verification of clinical samples, thus laying out a new avenue for multiplex virus detection in clinical diagnosis.