Advanced Materials Technologies最新文献

Advances in flexible electronics are driving a growing demand for supercapacitors with arbitrary shapes and customized functions. Conventional fabrication methods struggle to meet these requirements, whereas 3D printing offers precise, rapid, and cost-effective manufacturing of complex architectures with broad material compatibility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in 3D printing for supercapacitor applications. Four prevalent techniques, including direct ink writing, fused deposition modeling, inkjet printing, and vat photopolymerization are first examined, highlighting their operating principles, processing characteristics, and suitability for energy storage devices. Next, representative device architectures, including sandwich-type, interdigitated, and fiber-shaped configurations are discussed. Printable electrodes, electrolytes, and integrated strategies for achieving fully printed supercapacitors are then critically analyzed. Finally, current challenges are outlined and future research directions proposed, with the aim of advancing high-performance 3D-printed supercapacitors for next-generation energy storage.

Recent breakthroughs in low-voltage electroadhesion (EA) have demonstrated adhesion of hydrogels and biological tissues to metals at less than 10 V, offering significant promise for biomedical and soft robotic applications. However, the current arrangements rely on a parallel electrode configuration that sandwiches the adhesion target (e.g., tissue or hydrogel) between two electrodes, introducing two main limitations. Reversing voltage polarity causes re-adhesion to the opposite electrode, and bilateral electrode access is often impractical in confined settings such as robotic surgery or internal device anchoring. Addressing these challenges, this work presents a novel, compact, planar EA pad that achieves reversible adhesion with access to just a single surface. The effect of interfacial length, inter-electrode gap, and electrode width ratio on EA forces is investigated experimentally, and finite element electrostatic simulations are used to investigate the effect of these parameters on electric field strength and distribution. The optimized design achieves a 279% difference in adhesion force between forward and reverse polarity. Single-contact lifting and release of kidney tissue is demonstrated using the normal EA forces and a proof-of-concept EA tissue grasper that minimizes the required pinch force for grasping is realized.

The actual application of ultrahigh response Ga₂O₃ solar-blind UV detectors in various scenes is a key problem in the new generation revolution of the electronic and information industry. Herein, the mechanism for the high response Ag/Ga₂O₃/Ag detector (3.77 × 10⁵ A W⁻¹@15 V at 230 nm) with mixed microstructures under different conditions is deeply explored, and the applications of the mixed-structure Ga₂O₃ device in various areas are studied. Hole-trapping mechanism in the device under small voltage and faint UV conditions supports its application in neurosynaptic simulation. The fast response and recovery speed of the device under medium voltage and faint pulse UV conditions from the tunneling breakdown mechanism induced a giant prospect in UV communication of the device. Outstanding high I_UV (35 mA) of the Ag/Ga₂O₃/Ag detector under high voltage at 254 nm from the avalanche breakdown mechanism, promotes its applications in missile alarming and ozone hole monitoring. The change in UV response mechanism in one simple structure Ag/Ga₂O₃/Ag detector with high density of nano crystalline Ga₂O₃/amorphous Ga₂O₃ interfaces under different measurement condition, is especially meaningful in wide spread of high-performance Ga₂O₃ based detectors with mixed microstructures in various application scenarios (neurosynaptic simulation, UV information communication, missile alarming, ozone hole monitoring, et al.).

Plasmonic Sensing Platforms

The cover highlights a silver-gold bilayer nanobump grating for plasmonic liquid sensing and monitoring. In their Research Article (10.1002/admt.202501199) Kernius Vilkevicius and co-workers explore the periodic Ag-Au nanostructures fabricated by ultrashort laser pulses, where refractive index changes in liquids induce a spectral resonance shift, enabling potential for rapidly produced accurate biosensors.

This work demonstrates a low-cost, environment-friendly, stable, and forming-free resistive-switching device using lignin, extracted from coconut husk (CH), embedded in poly(methyl methacrylate) (lignin@PMMA) as the active layer, aluminum (Al) as the top electrode (TE), and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) as the bottom electrode (BE). By varying the value of −V_min in the DC sweep 0 V→2 V→0 V→−V_min→0 V, both write-once-read-many times (WORM) memory characteristics and bipolar Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) behavior with multilevel resistance in the high-resistance state (HRS) are observed. The RRAM demonstrates excellent endurance (≈5.5 × 10⁴ cycles), long data retention (≈1.02 × 10⁷ s), and minimal cycle-to-cycle (C2C), device-to-device (D2D), and batch-to-batch (B2B) variability. The low-temperature and solution-based fabrication method aligns well with the CMOS back-end-of-line (BEOL) process. In addition, the device also shows great potential for use as an artificial synapse as it successfully emulates different neuromorphic functions such as excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC), potentiation-depression (P-D), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), and the transition from short-term memory (STM) to long-term memory (LTM). Simulation results of a memristive neural network utilizing the parameters derived from the neuromorphic performance of the device show ≈99% MNIST digit recognition accuracy after minimal epochs.

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) offer a promising clean energy solution but are limited by the high cost and performance challenges of platinum (Pt) based catalysts, including CO poisoning and sluggish methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) kinetics. This study investigates the enhancement of Pt in methanol electrocatalysts using MoO₃ supports, with a focus on the impact of calcination. MoO₃ nanorods are synthesized hydrothermally and used in two forms, as uncalcined and calcined, to support Pt (1:1 ratio). XRD, Raman, and XPS analysis confirmed the formation of α-MoO₃ with mixed Mo⁶⁺/Mo⁵⁺ states and oxygen species, while TEM revealed well-dispersed Pt nanoparticles averaging 4.5 nm on MoO₃ carbon matrix. Electrochemical tests show that the calcined MoO₃-supported catalyst (PtM_cal) achieved an EASA of 54.02 m²/g, 1.4 and 1.7 times that of PtM and Pt/C. PtM_cal delivered a peak current density of 17.84 mA cm⁻² for methanol oxidation, ≈ 1.6 and 4.7 times higher than PtM and Pt/C, with an onset potential of 285 mV and a Tafel slope of 135 mV dec⁻¹, indicating improved reaction kinetics. Overall, calcination of MoO₃ dramatically improves Pt-MoO₃ heterojunction formation and activity, enhancing MOR performance in DMFCs, although the uncalcined PtM shows slightly better CO tolerance under reaction conditions.

Anomalous Electrical Conductivity

Cover art shows a crystalline MoS₂ monolayer transitioning to amorphous borders near a Ga⁺ ion beam, whose lateral damage sets a controlled distance. Directly on-chip, amorphous channels emerge as conductive pathways. Their complex, random geometries illustrate programmable, device-ready patterning for scalable architectures and on-chip integration of defect-engineered conduction and circuitry. More information can be found in the Research Article by Murilo Santhiago and co-workers (10.1002/admt.202501505).

Photopatterning has emerged as a powerful strategy for precise micropatterning of biomolecules on surfaces due to its high spatial resolution, flexibility, and compatibility with a range of biological materials. Existing photopatterning techniques often rely on expensive, specialized equipment or involve labor-intensive fabrication processes, limiting their widespread adoption and scalability. Herein, the Fresnel Lens Integrated Projector (FLIP) platform is presented that transforms consumer-grade projectors into maskless microscale visible-light photopatterning systems via their integration with a Fresnel lens. FLIP offers a cost-effective photopatterning solution ($100–$200 USD, <100 cm² footprint) that eliminates the need for cleanroom infrastructure or specialized microfabrication, making it accessible for standard laboratories. The compatibility of this approach is demonstrated with both LCD and DMD projection technologies, enabling flexible spectral illumination (450–617 nm) and maskless light modulation on surfaces. The system supports diverse workflows, such as photoreductive silver patterning on halide films (30 µm resolution at 450 nm illumination) and photo-crosslinking of gelatin methacrylate hydrogels (135 µm resolution at 565 nm illumination) on glass and plastic substrates. This scalable, dynamically configurable platform provides an affordable and flexible solution for applications spanning flexible electronics, biomaterial engineering, and beyond.

In this work, a compact and wideband metasurface capable of simultaneously performing both reflection and transmission functionalities is proposed. The design integrates an outer double-split ring resonator (D-SRR), a ground plane with a connected hollow ring, and an inner X-shaped resonator. The combination of the D-SRR and the hollow ring in the ground plane facilitates a wideband reflection response ranging from 6.8 to 15.7 GHz. Simultaneously, the inner X-shaped structure enables transmission at a distinct frequency of 21.2 GHz. Independent and full-range phase control is achieved through geometric rotations, maintaining stable amplitude responses across the operating bands. A prototype metasurface is fabricated and experimentally validated for generating vortex and focused beams, demonstrating its versatile performance.

Stimuli-responsive materials often react to changes in environmental conditions by altering their shape. Here, it is shown that even changes in materials that are not directly observable, such as local stiffening, can be exploited to introduce the concept of trainable materials. A fully 3D-printable filament based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) functionalized with a bivalent crosslinker capable of undergoing a C,H insertion reaction under UV irradiation was developed. Specimens printed from this filament demonstrate a gradual increase in stiffness, reaching almost 300% of their initial stiffness after 50 hours of irradiation. To exploit this tunability, mechanical metamaterials incorporating the developed material are engineered. By utilizing an instability-driven transformation under compression, it is demonstrated how local stiffening can be amplified through rational design. Moreover, by exploiting the unusual mechanical behavior of metamaterials arising from their internal architecture, a closed-loop system is presented in which, under compressive load, the metamaterial closes an electric circuit that activates UV light, which in turn modifies the properties of the base material. Through this approach, two trainable systems are realized: one that progressively conforms its shape to mechanical compression, and another that gradually increases its resistance to an applied force, mimicking the physical training of biological tissues.