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Size-segregated characteristics of bioaerosols during foggy and non-foggy days of winter, meteorological implications, and health risk assessment 冬季雾天和非雾天生物气溶胶的粒度分布特征、气象影响和健康风险评估
IF 3.5 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1039/D4VA00108G
Yogesh Kumar Vishwakarma, Kirpa Ram, Mukunda Madhab Gogoi, Tirthankar Banerjee and Ram Sharan Singh

Fog is a common atmospheric event in northern India. Frequently, dense and prolonged fog envelops the entire Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), especially in the winter season. During winter, conducive atmospheric conditions also facilitate the accumulation of airborne particulates near the earth surface, significantly reducing atmospheric visibility in the presence of water vapour and gases. Besides, fog formation can also change the characteristics of the biological component of the air (bioaerosols). The Anderson six-stage bioaerosol cascade impactor was therefore used to collect bioaerosols during winter-specific foggy and non-foggy days to assess how fog formation affects the loading and characteristic of bioaerosols. It has been found that the concentration of bioaerosols increases during foggy days (2223 ± 553 CFU m−3) compared to non-foggy days (days including both before and after fog; 1478 ± 490 CFU m−3). Nearly, a 50% rise in the total culturable microbe concentration was noted during foggy days as compared to non-foggy days in an urban habitat over the central IGP. Approximately 46% and 55% increase in bacterial and fungal bioaerosol concentration, respectively, was found to be associated with foggy days. The size of bioaerosols also varied with the change in atmospheric conditions. During foggy days, bacterial and fungal concentration increased in the coarse size fraction (4.7–7.0 μm) compared to fine (0.65–7.0 μm) particles. The presence of bacteria such as Bacillus; Enterobacter; Cocci and fungi such as Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Penicillium were found during foggy days. The measured concentration of bioaerosols did not exhibit strong association with meteorological variables and other atmospheric co-pollutants. Health risk assessment of the exposure to bioaerosols revealed strong possibility to cause adverse human health effects in the exposed population.

雾是印度北部常见的大气现象。浓雾经常长时间笼罩着整个印度-甘肃平原(IGP),尤其是在冬季。在冬季,有利的大气条件也有利于空气中的颗粒物在地表附近聚集,在水蒸气和气体的作用下,大大降低了大气能见度。此外,雾的形成还会改变空气中生物成分(生物气溶胶)的特性。因此,我们使用安德森六级生物气溶胶级联影响器收集冬季特定雾天和非雾天的生物气溶胶,以评估雾的形成如何影响生物气溶胶的负荷和特征。研究发现,与非雾天(包括雾前和雾后;1478 ± 490 CFU m-3)相比,雾天的生物气溶胶浓度增加(2223 ± 553 CFU m-3)。在 IGP 中部的城市栖息地,与非雾天相比,雾天的可培养微生物总浓度几乎上升了 50%。在雾天,细菌和真菌生物气溶胶浓度分别增加了约 46% 和 55%。生物气溶胶的大小也随着大气条件的变化而变化。与细颗粒(0.65-7.0 微米)相比,在雾天,细菌和真菌在粗颗粒(4.7-7.0 微米)中的浓度有所增加。在雾天发现了细菌(如芽孢杆菌、肠杆菌属、球菌属)和真菌(如曲霉、梭菌属和青霉属)。测得的生物气溶胶浓度与气象变量和其他大气共污染物并无密切联系。对接触生物气溶胶进行的健康风险评估显示,生物气溶胶极有可能对接触人群的健康造成不利影响。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring sustainable adsorbents to mitigate micro-/nano-plastic contamination: perspectives on electrospun fibrous constructs, biochar, and aerogels 探索可持续吸附剂以减轻微/纳米塑料污染:电纺纤维结构、生物炭和气凝胶的前景
IF 3.5 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1039/D4VA00039K
Krishna Priyadarshini Das, Pooja Chauhan, Ulrike Staudinger and Bhabani K. Satapathy

In recent years, the issues pertaining to the micro-/nano-plastics (MNP) pollution in urban water have escalated due to their detrimental environmental consequences, which not only disrupt aquatic habitats and harm marine life but also serve as vectors for toxic pollutants, potentially entering the food chain and posing risks to human health. Although conventional techniques such as filtration, sedimentation, and electrocoagulation have been extensively utilized for MNP removal, ongoing concerns persist regarding their effectiveness, sustainability, and cost implications. Hence, it is imperative to critically assess the performance of conventional techniques in addressing MNP-induced pollution and to shed light on the potential of some emerging technologies as promising next-generation solutions. However, the dearth of standardized approaches and the scarcity of comprehensive data contribute to the disturbing extent of uncertainties in utilizing such techniques to address MNP pollution. Therefore, the current review theoretically emphasizes on innovative use of biochar, electrospun fibers, and aerogels as sustainable adsorbents for managing MNP pollution. Further, it offers a systematic overview elucidating the foundational understanding pertaining to the sources, fate, and transport dynamics of microplastics within the environment. Apart from this, the article explores the integration of such adsorbents into existing water treatment systems and examines the associated challenges and future perspectives in real-world applications. Thus, the contextual review provides valuable insights into designing next-generation technologies aimed at controlling MNP pollution in water systems which not only enhances the understanding of the fate and transport mechanisms of emerging MNP pollutants treatment of water to make it portable but also assists material designers in evaluating and refining existing methodologies and thereby promoting a multi-faceted and synergistic approach to combat the complex issue of MNP pollution.

近年来,城市水体中的微塑料/纳米塑料(MNP)污染问题日益严重,因为这些塑料不仅会破坏水生栖息地、危害海洋生物,还会成为有毒污染物的载体,有可能进入食物链并对人类健康造成危害。虽然过滤、沉淀和电凝等传统技术已被广泛用于去除 MNP,但人们对这些技术的有效性、可持续性和成本影响一直存在担忧。因此,必须严格评估传统技术在解决 MNP 引起的污染方面的性能,并阐明一些新兴技术作为下一代解决方案的潜力。然而,标准化方法的缺乏和全面数据的匮乏,导致在利用此类技术解决 MNP 污染时存在令人不安的不确定性。因此,本综述从理论上强调创新使用生物炭、电纺纤维和气凝胶作为可持续吸附剂来治理 MNP 污染。此外,文章还系统地概述了对微塑料在环境中的来源、归宿和迁移动态的基本认识。除此之外,文章还探讨了如何将此类吸附剂整合到现有的水处理系统中,并研究了现实应用中的相关挑战和未来前景。因此,这篇背景综述为设计旨在控制水系统中 MNP 污染的下一代技术提供了宝贵的见解,不仅加深了人们对新出现的 MNP 污染物的归宿和迁移机制的理解,使水处理成为可移动的,而且还有助于材料设计人员评估和改进现有方法,从而促进采用多方面的协同方法来解决 MNP 污染这一复杂问题。
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引用次数: 0
Outstanding Reviewers for Environmental Science: Advances in 2023 环境科学》杰出评审员:2023 年的进展
IF 3.5 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1039/D4VA90021A

We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of Environmental Science: Advances's reviewers for helping to preserve quality and integrity in chemical science literature. We would also like to highlight the Outstanding Reviewers for Environmental Science: Advances in 2023.

我们借此机会感谢《环境科学:Advances 》的审稿人帮助维护化学科学文献的质量和完整性。我们还要特别表扬《环境科学:进展》的杰出审稿人:2023 年的杰出审稿人。
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引用次数: 0
Recreational fishing expenditure as an indicator of coastal wetland habitat value 作为沿海湿地生境价值指标的休闲捕鱼支出
IF 3.5 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1039/D3VA00386H
Matthew D. Taylor, Troy F. Gaston, Vincent Raoult, Julian M. Hughes, Jeff Murphy, Daniel E. Hewitt, Rod M. Connolly and Faith A. Ochwada-Doyle

Valuing the ecosystem services provided by nature is essential for estuarine habitat conservation and restoration. Recreational fisheries rely on fish stocks that are dependent on productivity derived from the plants that comprise estuarine habitats, however the value of these habitats to recreational fishing is rarely considered. Here, we consider expenditure on recreational fishing activities as an indicator of coastal wetland habitat value, by synthesising data on routinely collected recreational effort, catch, and expenditure from telephone surveys alongside trophic subsidy models within a simple framework. The approach is demonstrated for the Clarence River and the Hunter River estuaries (New South Wales, Australia). Expenditure on recreational fishing activities was apportioned to mangrove and saltmarsh habitats via the ‘trophic subsidy’ (or nutrition) originating from primary producers in these habitats that fuels the biomass of important recreational species. The values estimated exceeded that of similarly apportioned commercial fisheries revenue, with the biggest difference observed for saltmarsh in the Clarence River (∼$17 million AUD per annum [recreational expenditure] compared to ∼$8 million AUD per annum [commercial fisheries total output]). When considered in an additive fashion and standardised by habitat extent, the values attributable to coastal wetland productivity were as high as $86 459 per hectare per annum for saltmarsh, and $20 611 per hectare per annum for mangroves. These values reflect the dependency of fisheries activities on the extent and condition of coastal wetland habitats, and the framework presented here is widely applicable for considering the economic value of these activities i.e., fishing) as an indicator of habitat value.

对大自然提供的生态系统服务进行估值对于河口生境的保护和恢复至关重要。休闲渔业的鱼类种群依赖于构成河口生境的植物所带来的生产力,但这些生境对休闲渔业的价值却很少被考虑。在此,我们将通过电话调查定期收集到的休闲活动努力量、渔获量和支出数据与营养补助模型在一个简单的框架内进行综合,将休闲捕鱼活动的支出视为沿海湿地生境价值的指标。这种方法在克拉伦斯河和猎人河河口(澳大利亚新南威尔士州)得到了验证。通过来自这些生境中初级生产者的 "营养补贴"(或营养),将休闲捕鱼活动的支出分摊到红树林和盐沼生境中,从而增加重要休闲物种的生物量。估算值超过了类似的商业渔业收入分配值,克拉伦斯河盐沼的差异最大(每年[休闲支出]1,700 万澳元,而每年[商业渔业总产出]800 万澳元)。当以加法方式考虑并按生境范围标准化时,盐沼地的沿海湿地生产力价值高达每年每公顷 86 459 美元,红树林为每年每公顷 20 611 美元。这些数值反映了渔业活动对沿岸湿地生境范围和状况的依赖性,本文提出的框架可广泛用于考虑这些活动的经济价值,即捕鱼)作为生境价值的指标。
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引用次数: 0
From batch system toward continuous UV/PS based AOP reactor: the case of tramadol effluent degradation† 从间歇式系统到基于 UV/PS 的连续 AOP 反应器:曲马多废水降解案例
IF 3.5 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1039/D4VA00103F
Weam Bou Karroum, Abbas Baalbaki, Amir Nasreddine, Nadim Oueidat and Antoine Ghauch

The stability of pharmaceutical active ingredients (APIs) and their resistance to conventional treatment methods necessitates the development of degradation methods as point-source treatment before mixing with municipal wastewater. Advanced oxidation processes utilize oxidants such as H2O2 or persulfate (PS) to treat organic contaminants and have shown promising results for eliminating APIs from wastewater. This research investigated the degradation of tramadol (TRA), a fully synthetic opioid, in a UVC/PS system, which was selected after evaluating thermal and simulated solar activation techniques. Different concentrations of PS were tested, and the UVC/PS system with [PS]0 = 0.4 mM achieved complete degradation of 10 mg L−1 [TRA]0 in 6 min with kobs of 0.90 min−1 and was chosen for this study. The system was evaluated under different conditions and showed a decrease in reaction rate under acidic conditions and in the presence of bicarbonates or competing natural organic matter. Additionally, high levels of chlorides and nitrates inhibited the degradation. Building on insights from batch treatment experiments, a pilot-scale treatment plant was developed utilizing elements from commercially available UV water-disinfection kits for continuous-flow treatment of pharmaceutical industry effluent. After optimization, the system achieved full degradation of 360 L per day of 10 mg L−1 [TRA]0 at a cost of $0.296 per m3.

由于药物活性成分 (API) 的稳定性及其对传统处理方法的耐受性,有必要开发降解方法,作为与城市污水混合前的点源处理。高级氧化工艺利用 H2O2 或过硫酸盐 (PS) 等氧化剂来处理有机污染物,在消除废水中的原料药方面取得了良好的效果。本研究调查了一种全合成阿片类药物曲马多(TRA)在紫外线/过硫酸盐系统中的降解情况。测试了不同浓度的 PS,[PS]0 = 0.4 mM 的紫外线/PS 系统可在 6 分钟内完全降解 10 mg L-1 [TRA]0,kobs 为 0.90 min-1,因此被选作本研究的对象。该系统在不同条件下进行了评估,结果表明,在酸性条件下以及存在碳酸氢盐或竞争性天然有机物时,反应速率会降低。此外,高浓度的氯化物和硝酸盐也会抑制降解。根据分批处理实验的启示,利用市售紫外线水消毒试剂盒中的元素开发了一种中试规模的处理设备,用于连续流处理制药工业废水。经过优化,该系统以每立方米 0.296 美元的成本实现了每天 360 升 10 毫克/升[TRA]0 的完全降解。
{"title":"From batch system toward continuous UV/PS based AOP reactor: the case of tramadol effluent degradation†","authors":"Weam Bou Karroum, Abbas Baalbaki, Amir Nasreddine, Nadim Oueidat and Antoine Ghauch","doi":"10.1039/D4VA00103F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4VA00103F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The stability of pharmaceutical active ingredients (APIs) and their resistance to conventional treatment methods necessitates the development of degradation methods as point-source treatment before mixing with municipal wastewater. Advanced oxidation processes utilize oxidants such as H<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small> or persulfate (PS) to treat organic contaminants and have shown promising results for eliminating APIs from wastewater. This research investigated the degradation of tramadol (TRA), a fully synthetic opioid, in a UVC/PS system, which was selected after evaluating thermal and simulated solar activation techniques. Different concentrations of PS were tested, and the UVC/PS system with [PS]<small><sub>0</sub></small> = 0.4 mM achieved complete degradation of 10 mg L<small><sup>−1</sup></small> [TRA]<small><sub>0</sub></small> in 6 min with <em>k</em><small><sub>obs</sub></small> of 0.90 min<small><sup>−1</sup></small> and was chosen for this study. The system was evaluated under different conditions and showed a decrease in reaction rate under acidic conditions and in the presence of bicarbonates or competing natural organic matter. Additionally, high levels of chlorides and nitrates inhibited the degradation. Building on insights from batch treatment experiments, a pilot-scale treatment plant was developed utilizing elements from commercially available UV water-disinfection kits for continuous-flow treatment of pharmaceutical industry effluent. After optimization, the system achieved full degradation of 360 L per day of 10 mg L<small><sup>−1</sup></small> [TRA]<small><sub>0</sub></small> at a cost of $0.296 per m<small><sup>3</sup></small>.</p>","PeriodicalId":72941,"journal":{"name":"Environmental science. Advances","volume":" 9","pages":" 1244-1258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/va/d4va00103f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in biota, water and sediments: its role in screening for unregulated POPs, in compiling time trends of regulated POPs under the Stockholm Convention (SC) and their relevance for biodiversity in a changing climate 对生物群、水和沉积物中的持久性有机污染物(POPs)进行全球监测:其在筛查未受管制的持久性有机污染物、汇编《斯德哥尔摩公约》(SC)下受管制持久性有机污染物的时间趋势方面的作用及其在不断变化的气候中对生物多样性的意义
IF 3.5 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1039/D4VA00023D
Ramon Guardans

This paper considers elements of the dynamic process of production dispersal and monitoring of persistent organic pollutants in the environment that has unfolded over the past 100 years. The interactions between science, industry, policy making and public health have taken many different forms in different parts of the world over time. The current state of affairs of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the global environment is only partially understood and in flux because the components act in a distributed and asynchronous manner. We argue that the work under the Stockholm Convention (SC) since 2004 can be seen as synthesis of what has been done so far and a blueprint of what challenges lie ahead. The framework of UNEP, with the invaluable help of the Secretariat, has strung together over two decades a global network of scientists, indigenous groups, policy makers and other stakeholders interacting through meetings, documents and decisions, this effort has yielded an open, transparent and reliable method of work and a large repository of publicly available technical and scientific information. In this paper we consider in some detail the methods and the outcomes for screening substances of new potential concern, the methods and outcomes of monitoring trends in the context of effectiveness evaluation of the SC and the urgent need to converge in concept and quantification with the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC).

本文探讨了过去 100 年来环境中持久性有机污染物的生产扩散和监测动态过程的各个要素。随着时间的推移,科学、工业、政策制定和公共卫生之间的互动在世界不同地区呈现出多种不同的形式。全球环境中持久性有机污染物(POPs)的现状只得到了部分了解,而且还在不断变化,因为各组成部分以分布式和不同步的方式行事。我们认为,2004 年以来根据《斯德哥尔摩公约》(SC)开展的工作可以被视为迄今为止所做工作的总结和未来挑战的蓝图。二十年来,在秘书处的宝贵帮助下,联合国环境规划署(UNEP)框架通过会议、文件和决定,将科学家、土著群体、决策者和其他利益相关者的全球网络联系在一起,形成了一个公开、透明和可靠的工作方法,并建立了一个可公开获取的技术和科学信息的大型资料库。在本文中,我们将详细介绍筛选新的潜在关注物质的方法和结果、在常设委员会有效性评估背景下监测趋势的方法和结果,以及在概念和量化方面与《生物多样性公约》(CBD)和《气候变化框架公约》(FCCC)趋同的迫切需要。
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引用次数: 0
How important is it to update the existing environmental quality standard for nickel? An example based on the UK† 更新现有的镍环境质量标准有多重要?以英国为例
IF 3.5 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1039/D4VA00098F
Adam Peters, Graham Merrington and Elizabeth Middleton

In Europe the Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) for nickel in freshwaters was set in 2013 based on the best available evidence at the time. Since then, additional information about the toxicity of nickel to aquatic organisms and the effects of water chemistry conditions on nickel bioavailability have become available, and there is much more information available about the water chemistry conditions that affect nickel toxicity in freshwaters. This study has taken the updated information about nickel ecotoxicity and bioavailability and evaluates how this could potentially affect the EQS for nickel if it was to be updated. Although the sensitivity of freshwaters to nickel based on the update is very similar to the EQS on a site-specific basis, the thresholds derived are slightly lower. A broader range of water chemistry conditions can be covered by the update than are currently covered by the existing EQS. An updated standard of 2.9 μg L−1 bioavailable nickel could be derived based on the UK dataset evaluated here, which is slightly lower than the existing EQS of 4 μg L−1 bioavailable nickel. Consequently, a slightly higher number of potential compliance failures would be expected based on the update. A simple and practical approach toward the incorporation of local nickel background concentrations into the compliance assessment process for sites that fail the bioavailability based EQS is also proposed. Initial assessments suggest that compliance with the existing EQS could potentially result in more than 5% of species in freshwater aquatic ecosystems being affected, but that with the exception of a very small number of cases the proportion of potentially affected species would be less than 8% of species in the ecosystem. In regions where the existing EQS is not fully implemented, particularly through limited consideration of bioavailability, the adoption of the updated standard is likely to be less beneficial than focusing on better implementation of the existing EQS. However, in regions where the existing EQS has been implemented extensively for some time the updated standard offers a refinement in terms of the coverage of a higher proportion of surface waters and a slightly higher level of protection for sensitive species than the existing EQS.

在欧洲,淡水中镍的环境质量标准(EQS)是根据当时可获得的最佳证据于2013年制定的。此后,有关镍对水生生物的毒性以及水化学条件对镍生物利用率的影响的更多信息陆续公布,有关影响淡水中镍毒性的水化学条件的信息也大大增加。本研究采用了有关镍生态毒性和生物利用率的最新信息,并评估了如果对镍的环境质量标准进行更新,这些信息可能会对其产生何种潜在影响。尽管根据更新得出的淡水对镍的敏感性与特定地点的环境质量标准非常相似,但得出的阈值略低。与现有的环境质量标准相比,更新后的标准可涵盖更广泛的水化学条件。根据此处评估的英国数据集,可得出 2.9 μg L-1 生物可利用镍的更新标准,该标准略低于现有的 4 μg L-1 生物可利用镍的环境质量标准。因此,根据更新结果,预计潜在的不达标情况会略有增加。此外,还提出了一种简单实用的方法,将当地镍本底浓度纳入达标评估流程,用于评估未通过基于生物利用率的环境质量标准的地点。初步评估表明,遵守现有的 EQS 可能会导致淡水水生生态系统中 5% 以上的物种受到影响,但除了极少数情况外,可能受影响物种的比例将低于生态系统中物种的 8% 。在现有环境质量标准未得到充分实施的地区,特别是对生物利用率考虑有限的地区,采用最新标准可能不如集中精力更好地实施现有环境质量标准更有利。然而,在现有 EQS 已广泛实施一段时间的地区,更新的标准在覆盖更多地表水以及对敏感物种的保护水平略高于现有 EQS 方面提供了改进。
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引用次数: 0
Greening the waves: experimental and chemometric approaches in spectroscopic methods for organic pollutant determination in natural waters 绿化波浪:自然水域有机污染物光谱测定方法中的实验和化学计量方法
IF 3.5 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1039/D4VA00028E
Ashwini Borah, Chetana Hasnu and Gongutri Borah

This review paper, titled “Greening the waves: experimental and chemometric approaches in spectroscopic methods for organic pollutant determination in natural waters,” provides a comprehensive exploration of innovative strategies to enhance the sustainability and efficacy of water quality monitoring. The global prevalence of organic pollutants in natural waters poses significant environmental challenges, necessitating the development of analytical methods that are not only sensitive and accurate but also environmentally friendly. The concept of green analytical chemistry serves as the foundation for this review, focusing specifically on experimental and chemometric approaches within the realm of spectroscopic methods. The introductory section establishes the urgency of adopting green methodologies and outlines the limitations of conventional techniques for organic pollutant determination. Subsequently, the review delves into recent experimental innovations in spectroscopic methods, including UV-vis, FTIR, and fluorescence. These advancements not only improve the precision of detection but also align with the principles of green chemistry by minimizing resource consumption and waste generation. A significant portion of the review is dedicated to exploring the role of chemometric approaches in enhancing the reliability and interpretability of spectroscopic data. Various tools, such as multivariate analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares (PLS), are scrutinized for their ability to extract meaningful information, leading to more robust determinations of organic pollutants in natural waters. Case studies and applications are presented to illustrate successful implementations of the discussed experimental and chemometric approaches in real-world scenarios. These examples showcase the versatility and adaptability of the proposed methods across diverse environmental settings, providing tangible evidence of their efficacy in water quality monitoring. The review concludes with a forward-looking perspective, discussing ongoing research directions, emerging trends, and potential challenges in the field. The integration of artificial intelligence and big data into chemometric analyses is highlighted as a promising avenue for future development, emphasizing the role of these technologies in shaping the landscape of sustainable water quality analysis. Thus, “Greening the Waves” aims to consolidate knowledge on experimental and chemometric strategies in spectroscopic methods, offering a roadmap for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners to adopt more environmentally conscious approaches in the critical task of organic pollutant determination in natural waters.

这篇题为 "绿化波浪:天然水域有机污染物光谱测定方法中的实验和化学计量学方法 "的综述论文全面探讨了提高水质监测可持续性和有效性的创新策略。天然水体中有机污染物在全球的普遍存在给环境带来了巨大挑战,因此有必要开发不仅灵敏、准确,而且环保的分析方法。本综述以绿色分析化学的概念为基础,特别关注光谱方法领域的实验和化学计量方法。导言部分阐述了采用绿色方法的紧迫性,并概述了用于有机污染物测定的传统技术的局限性。随后,评述深入探讨了光谱方法的最新实验创新,包括紫外可见光、傅立叶变换红外光谱和荧光光谱。这些进步不仅提高了检测精度,而且通过最大限度地减少资源消耗和废物产生,符合绿色化学的原则。本综述的很大一部分专门探讨了化学计量学方法在提高光谱数据的可靠性和可解释性方面的作用。文章仔细研究了多元分析、主成分分析 (PCA) 和偏最小二乘法 (PLS) 等各种工具提取有意义信息的能力,从而更可靠地测定自然水体中的有机污染物。案例研究和应用说明了所讨论的实验和化学计量学方法在现实世界中的成功应用。这些实例展示了所提出的方法在不同环境背景下的通用性和适应性,为其在水质监测中的功效提供了切实的证据。综述最后以前瞻性的视角讨论了该领域正在进行的研究方向、新兴趋势和潜在挑战。将人工智能和大数据融入化学计量学分析是未来发展的一条大有可为的途径,强调了这些技术在塑造可持续水质分析格局中的作用。因此,"绿色浪潮 "旨在整合光谱方法中有关实验和化学计量策略的知识,为研究人员、决策者和从业人员提供一个路线图,以便在天然水体中有机污染物测定的关键任务中采用更具环保意识的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Battery waste-derived functional materials for the capture and removal of harmful gases 用于捕获和去除有害气体的电池废料衍生功能材料
IF 3.5 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1039/D4VA00140K
Nishesh Kumar Gupta

The persistent use of primary alkaline batteries in electronic gadgets and lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles is creating a large volume of battery waste. Proper management and processing are necessary to prevent the dumping of used batteries in landfills. Valuable metals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, and zinc can be extracted and purified from spent batteries. Alternatively, they can be used in synthesising functional materials. This review explores a promising solution for battery waste management by repurposing it to create materials capable of removing harmful gases. Reusing battery components such as electrodes, electrolytes, and polymer separators leads to the development of innovative strategies for creating adsorbents and catalysts. These materials are capable of efficiently capturing or catalysing harmful gases into harmless gases or ions. The review outlines various methods for converting battery waste into valuable materials, structural modifications, performance evaluations, and underlying mechanisms responsible for the removal of harmful gases. This review highlights the potential of battery waste as a sustainable resource for addressing rising air pollution and promoting a circular economy.

电子产品中长期使用的碱性原电池和电动汽车中使用的锂离子电池正在产生大量的电池废物。为了防止将废旧电池丢弃到垃圾填埋场,必须进行适当的管理和处理。锂、钴、镍和锌等贵重金属可以从废电池中提取和提纯。此外,它们还可用于合成功能材料。这篇综述探讨了电池废物管理的一种可行解决方案,即通过重新利用电池来制造能够去除有害气体的材料。对电池组件(如电极、电解质和聚合物隔膜)的再利用有助于开发出创新的吸附剂和催化剂。这些材料能够有效地捕捉有害气体或将其催化为无害气体或离子。本综述概述了将电池废料转化为有价值材料的各种方法、结构改造、性能评估以及去除有害气体的基本机制。这篇综述强调了电池废料作为一种可持续资源,在解决日益严重的空气污染和促进循环经济方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Life cycle assessment of chitosan modified Ni–Fe layered double hydroxide for arsenic(iii) sequestration in aqueous medium: comparison of the impacts of adsorbent recycling, instrument use and source of energy† 壳聚糖改性 Ni-Fe 层状双氢氧化物在水介质中固着砷(III)的生命周期评估:比较吸附剂回收、仪器使用和能源来源的影响
IF 3.5 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1039/D3VA00312D
Kavya Bisaria, Chandra Shekhar Seth and Rachana Singh

Evidence of arsenic in potable water is a huge global concern for human well-being. For the adsorption of arsenic from groundwater, a promising material Ni–Fe layered double hydroxide modified using chitosan (NFC) was synthesized in a lab-scale study. In the original research, two pollutant-adsorbent contact approaches, i.e., magnetic stirrer and ultrasonicator, were utilized to accomplish maximum pollutant removal, and the latter was found to give better results. The current work utilized OpenLCA software and the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) (v1.02) approach to conduct a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which assesses and compares the environmental effects of both techniques. The synthesis of 1 kg of NFC and treatment of 1000 L of water contaminated with As(III) from a 50 mg L−1 initial concentration to its WHO acceptable limit served as the basis for evaluations. Environmental effects of handling used materials were taken into account. Furthermore, environmental impacts arising from recycling of the adsorbent were also determined. According to the LCA analysis, the use of electricity and chemicals mainly nickel and liquor ammonia were the main causes of the environmental effects, especially in the global warming potential, human toxicity potential, freshwater ecotoxicity potential, and marine ecotoxicity potential categories. The manufacture of the nanomaterial was the most energy-intensive step of the process, which indicates that energy consumption needs to decrease during scaling up. As electricity consumption is optimized for large-scale operations, there is potential for an increased relative contribution of chemicals to environmental impacts. Furthermore, two distinct electrical sources were chosen to perform sensitivity analysis. The environmental effects of the current development process and application were contrasted with those of granular activated carbon (GAC) and it was found to have fewer negative effects than LDH. It can be concluded that energy and chemical optimization should take precedence in the manufacture of future materials.

饮用水中的砷是全球关注的人类福祉的一个重大问题。为了吸附地下水中的砷,在实验室规模的研究中合成了一种利用壳聚糖改性的 Ni-Fe 层状双氢氧化物(NFC)材料。在最初的研究中,为了最大限度地去除污染物,采用了两种污染物与吸附剂接触的方法,即磁力搅拌器和超声波器,结果发现后者效果更好。目前的工作利用 OpenLCA 软件和 ReCiPe Midpoint (H) (v1.02) 方法进行了生命周期评估(LCA),对两种技术的环境影响进行了评估和比较。评估以合成 1 千克 NFC 和处理 1000 升受 As(III) 污染的水为基础,将初始浓度从 50 毫克/升减少到世界卫生组织可接受的限度。此外,还考虑了处理废旧材料对环境的影响。此外,还确定了吸附剂回收利用对环境的影响。根据生命周期评估分析,电力和化学品(主要是镍和液氨)的使用是造成环境影响的主要原因,尤其是在全球升温潜能值、人类毒性潜能值、淡水生态毒性潜能值和海洋生态毒性潜能值方面。纳米材料的生产是整个过程中能耗最高的步骤,这表明在扩大生产规模时需要降低能耗。随着大规模操作中电力消耗的优化,化学品对环境影响的相对贡献有可能增加。此外,还选择了两种不同的电力来源来进行敏感性分析。将当前开发过程和应用对环境的影响与粒状活性炭 (GAC) 对环境的影响进行了对比,发现其负面影响小于 LDH。由此可以得出结论,在未来材料的生产过程中,应优先考虑能源和化学优化。
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Environmental science. Advances
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