Pub Date : 2017-10-14DOI: 10.22104/AET.2017.2140.1106
M. Pazoki, R. Ghasemzade, P. Ziaee
{"title":"Simulation of landfill leachate movement in soil by HYDRUS-1D model","authors":"M. Pazoki, R. Ghasemzade, P. Ziaee","doi":"10.22104/AET.2017.2140.1106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2017.2140.1106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82548721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.22104/AET.2018.2340.1118
Behrouz Raei, A. Ghannadzadeh
This paper presents a case study on the enhancement of environmental sustainability in a petroleum refining process based on an exergetic diagnostic approach. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) pinpointed crude oil production and electricity generating systems as the main sources of environmental unsustainability. The existing hot utility demand of the process is 78.4 MW with a temperature difference of 40°C, where the area efficiency of the existing design is 0.7254. The targeting stage sets the minimum approach temperature at 18.96 °C, thereby establishing the scope for potential energy savings. The suggested design option with a total energy demand of 109,048 kW, the same as the existing one but 72,699 kW higher than the target, needs a 17,873 m2 area in 38 exchangers. Notably, this requires 2,914 m2 less surface area, suggesting the practicality of the project with a limited number of modifications such as the repiping of the existing exchanger units. Moreover, to enhance further the sustainability of the petroleum refining process, the possible solutions such as the renewables were evaluated through various scenarios; thus, resulting in a reduction in the environmental impacts from 2.34E-06 to 2.27E-06 according to ReCiPe, and thus paving the way towards a sustainable petroleum refining process.
{"title":"Environmental sustainability enhancement of a petroleum refinery through heat exchanger network retrofitting and renewable energy","authors":"Behrouz Raei, A. Ghannadzadeh","doi":"10.22104/AET.2018.2340.1118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2018.2340.1118","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a case study on the enhancement of environmental sustainability in a petroleum refining process based on an exergetic diagnostic approach. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) pinpointed crude oil production and electricity generating systems as the main sources of environmental unsustainability. The existing hot utility demand of the process is 78.4 MW with a temperature difference of 40°C, where the area efficiency of the existing design is 0.7254. The targeting stage sets the minimum approach temperature at 18.96 °C, thereby establishing the scope for potential energy savings. The suggested design option with a total energy demand of 109,048 kW, the same as the existing one but 72,699 kW higher than the target, needs a 17,873 m2 area in 38 exchangers. Notably, this requires 2,914 m2 less surface area, suggesting the practicality of the project with a limited number of modifications such as the repiping of the existing exchanger units. Moreover, to enhance further the sustainability of the petroleum refining process, the possible solutions such as the renewables were evaluated through various scenarios; thus, resulting in a reduction in the environmental impacts from 2.34E-06 to 2.27E-06 according to ReCiPe, and thus paving the way towards a sustainable petroleum refining process.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"217-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85117307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study presented in this article investigated the removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions by a synthetic hydrogel-forming adsorbent polymer based on sodium alginate (SA) and hydroxy apatite (HA) nanoparticles. The effect of adding Zeolite on the adsorption performance of this hydrogel was also investigated, and the optimum amount of Zeolite was determined by changing its quantity. The FTIR spectrum determined the structure of the synthesized adsorbent; non-continuous adsorption tests were performed to study the kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption and also the recovery of the adsorbent. The degree of adsorption of the synthesized nanocomposite was compared with that of Zeolite, and the results showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of Zeolite and the nanocomposite for Cu ions were 29.7 and 75.8 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic studies indicated that the process of adsorption of Cu ions on both absorbents followed a pseudo second order kinetic equation. It took the Zeolite and the hydrogel 90 and 120 minutes, respectively, to reach equilibrium. The thermodynamic studies showed that Cu absorption by both adsorbents matched the Langmuir isotherm very well (R2=0.99). Since adsorbent recovery and its lifespan are of significant importance in absorption processes, recovery was carried out by hydrochloric acid (2% by weight). The repulsion coefficient of the recovered adsorbent and its efficiency in five recovery cycles were measured. The results of the tests indicated that the repulsion coefficient of Cu was 70-82.75 percent and the adsorption efficiency of Cu after 5 recovery cycles was 75 percent of the initial adsorbent.
{"title":"Removal of Copper (II) from aqueous solutions by sodium alginate/hydroxy apatite hydrogel modified by Zeolite","authors":"Afsaneh Barekat, M. Mirzaei","doi":"10.22104/AET.2017.621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2017.621","url":null,"abstract":"The study presented in this article investigated the removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions by a synthetic hydrogel-forming adsorbent polymer based on sodium alginate (SA) and hydroxy apatite (HA) nanoparticles. The effect of adding Zeolite on the adsorption performance of this hydrogel was also investigated, and the optimum amount of Zeolite was determined by changing its quantity. The FTIR spectrum determined the structure of the synthesized adsorbent; non-continuous adsorption tests were performed to study the kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption and also the recovery of the adsorbent. The degree of adsorption of the synthesized nanocomposite was compared with that of Zeolite, and the results showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of Zeolite and the nanocomposite for Cu ions were 29.7 and 75.8 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic studies indicated that the process of adsorption of Cu ions on both absorbents followed a pseudo second order kinetic equation. It took the Zeolite and the hydrogel 90 and 120 minutes, respectively, to reach equilibrium. The thermodynamic studies showed that Cu absorption by both adsorbents matched the Langmuir isotherm very well (R2=0.99). Since adsorbent recovery and its lifespan are of significant importance in absorption processes, recovery was carried out by hydrochloric acid (2% by weight). The repulsion coefficient of the recovered adsorbent and its efficiency in five recovery cycles were measured. The results of the tests indicated that the repulsion coefficient of Cu was 70-82.75 percent and the adsorption efficiency of Cu after 5 recovery cycles was 75 percent of the initial adsorbent.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"82 1","pages":"185-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77248493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.22104/AET.2018.2670.1133
Y. Dhoble, Sirajuddin Ahmed
The use of steel slag in an adsorption process for the removal of thiocyanate has been studied for the first time. Steel slag, a readily available by-product of the steel industry, can be a suitable candidate for the study of the adsorption of thiocyanate found in coke oven effluent. The parameters considered for adsorption studies were pH, initial concentration, temperature, and the amount of adsorbent. It was found that the percentage removal of thiocyanate decreased with an increase in the initial concentration of thiocyanate. The rate of adsorption of thiocyanate increased with an increase in temperature. The adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The Langmuir isotherm was found to be the best fit for the adsorption process. The kinetic data follows the pseudo-second-order model. Main effect and interaction studies were done using the fractional factorial method. The FTIR studies confirmed that functional groups participated in the adsorption process. This made the steel slag a suitable adsorbent for the removal of thiocyanate.
{"title":"Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the adsorption of thiocyanate by Steel slag in an Aqueous System","authors":"Y. Dhoble, Sirajuddin Ahmed","doi":"10.22104/AET.2018.2670.1133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2018.2670.1133","url":null,"abstract":"The use of steel slag in an adsorption process for the removal of thiocyanate has been studied for the first time. Steel slag, a readily available by-product of the steel industry, can be a suitable candidate for the study of the adsorption of thiocyanate found in coke oven effluent. The parameters considered for adsorption studies were pH, initial concentration, temperature, and the amount of adsorbent. It was found that the percentage removal of thiocyanate decreased with an increase in the initial concentration of thiocyanate. The rate of adsorption of thiocyanate increased with an increase in temperature. The adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The Langmuir isotherm was found to be the best fit for the adsorption process. The kinetic data follows the pseudo-second-order model. Main effect and interaction studies were done using the fractional factorial method. The FTIR studies confirmed that functional groups participated in the adsorption process. This made the steel slag a suitable adsorbent for the removal of thiocyanate.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"14 1","pages":"193-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81713577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.22104/AET.2018.2766.1135
Mohammad Reza Rezaei Kahkha, Batool Rezaei Kahkha, A. Zarandi
Dye sewage is dangerous problem in our environmental aquatics that cause generation of harmful effects for living organism. In this work, because of simplicity, easy operation, high efficiency and no creating secondary pollutants, ultra sound radiation applied for degradation of a synthetic dye, methyl orange using zinc sulfide nano particles decorated on carbon nanotubes as nanocatalyst. ZnS/CNTs prepared by co-precipitation of carbon nanotubes and zinc aceate. Methyl orange (MO) is a cationic dye that used widely in some medical uses, coloring paper, dyeing cottons, wools, coating for paper stocks and etc. For achieving highest degradation efficiency several parameters such as pH, amount of nanocatalyst, initial dye concentration and time were evaluated and optimized. Results showed that highest degradation efficiency (100%) obtained at 0.3 gr of nanocatalyst while initial dye concentration is 30 mg/L at pH, 2. Comparison of several methods for degradation of methyl orange showed feasibility of applied method. In addition, reusability of nanocatalyst was suitable for degradation of MO in real wastewater samples.
{"title":"Sonocatalysis degradation of methyl orange using zinc sulfide carbon nanotubes nanocatalyst","authors":"Mohammad Reza Rezaei Kahkha, Batool Rezaei Kahkha, A. Zarandi","doi":"10.22104/AET.2018.2766.1135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2018.2766.1135","url":null,"abstract":"Dye sewage is dangerous problem in our environmental aquatics that cause generation of harmful effects for living organism. In this work, because of simplicity, easy operation, high efficiency and no creating secondary pollutants, ultra sound radiation applied for degradation of a synthetic dye, methyl orange using zinc sulfide nano particles decorated on carbon nanotubes as nanocatalyst. ZnS/CNTs prepared by co-precipitation of carbon nanotubes and zinc aceate. Methyl orange (MO) is a cationic dye that used widely in some medical uses, coloring paper, dyeing cottons, wools, coating for paper stocks and etc. For achieving highest degradation efficiency several parameters such as pH, amount of nanocatalyst, initial dye concentration and time were evaluated and optimized. Results showed that highest degradation efficiency (100%) obtained at 0.3 gr of nanocatalyst while initial dye concentration is 30 mg/L at pH, 2. Comparison of several methods for degradation of methyl orange showed feasibility of applied method. In addition, reusability of nanocatalyst was suitable for degradation of MO in real wastewater samples.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"243-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77630957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.22104/AET.2018.2450.1123
E. GhasemiKafrudi, S. Yousefi, F. Goodarzvand-Chegini
An increase in fossil fuel consumption has significantly increased the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Waste energy recovery can reduce GHGs by reducing fossil fuel consumption. In the FCC unit in refineries, the catalyst is continuously regenerated by burning off the deposited coke with air and a large flux of waste gas with high temperature is generated which is vented into the atmosphere. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of waste heat/pressure recovery of the waste gas on the reduction of GHGs and air pollutant emissions. Based on this objective, exergy and economic analysis were carried out for two scenarios (S-1 and S-2). The S-1 scenario involved the installation of a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG), while S-2 applied the simultaneous usage of HRSG and a turbo-expander to evaluate electricity production using waste gas pressure. The exergy of waste gas was formulated and an in-house code was developed for solving the equations via a trial and error method. The results showed that exergy loss of the waste gas was higher than 660 MW and it was possible to recover about 64 MW and 75 MW in the S-1 and S-2, respectively. The amount of steam and the electrical energy produced were found to be about 88 ton/h and 8323 MWh/month, respectively. The results also showed that S-1 can reduce 72227 tCO2e of GHGs and 327 ton of air pollutant and S-2 can reduce 143464 tCO2e of GHGs and 649 ton of air pollutant annually. The economic indexes were evaluated and the results indicated that the internal rates of return (IRR) were found to be 33.18% and 36.76% for S-1 and S-2, respectively. This showed that the two scenarios were economically feasible, but from an environmental, economic and energy recovery standpoint, S-2 was the best scenario and the economic analysis on S-2 certified that there was no economic risk.
{"title":"Environmental study of waste energy recovery by using exergy and economic analysis in a fluid catalytic cracking unit","authors":"E. GhasemiKafrudi, S. Yousefi, F. Goodarzvand-Chegini","doi":"10.22104/AET.2018.2450.1123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2018.2450.1123","url":null,"abstract":"An increase in fossil fuel consumption has significantly increased the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Waste energy recovery can reduce GHGs by reducing fossil fuel consumption. In the FCC unit in refineries, the catalyst is continuously regenerated by burning off the deposited coke with air and a large flux of waste gas with high temperature is generated which is vented into the atmosphere. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of waste heat/pressure recovery of the waste gas on the reduction of GHGs and air pollutant emissions. Based on this objective, exergy and economic analysis were carried out for two scenarios (S-1 and S-2). The S-1 scenario involved the installation of a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG), while S-2 applied the simultaneous usage of HRSG and a turbo-expander to evaluate electricity production using waste gas pressure. The exergy of waste gas was formulated and an in-house code was developed for solving the equations via a trial and error method. The results showed that exergy loss of the waste gas was higher than 660 MW and it was possible to recover about 64 MW and 75 MW in the S-1 and S-2, respectively. The amount of steam and the electrical energy produced were found to be about 88 ton/h and 8323 MWh/month, respectively. The results also showed that S-1 can reduce 72227 tCO2e of GHGs and 327 ton of air pollutant and S-2 can reduce 143464 tCO2e of GHGs and 649 ton of air pollutant annually. The economic indexes were evaluated and the results indicated that the internal rates of return (IRR) were found to be 33.18% and 36.76% for S-1 and S-2, respectively. This showed that the two scenarios were economically feasible, but from an environmental, economic and energy recovery standpoint, S-2 was the best scenario and the economic analysis on S-2 certified that there was no economic risk.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"229-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78805167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the design and fabrication of proximity coupled feed disk resonator coated with Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Polypyrrole-Chitosan (PPy-CHI) layers as a napropamide sensor. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio was used to obtain the best design of disk resonator and feed line position in 5 GHz resonant frequency. Also, MWCNTs - PPy-CHI layers were coated on the disk resonator using electric field deposition and chemical interaction between sensing layer and napropamide was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The evaluation of the system was performed using different concentrations of commercial napropamide and pure napropamide at room temperature (25 0C). Experimental results prove that proximity coupled feed disk resonator coated with MWCNTs-PPy-CHI layers is a simple, fast (Measurement- time=5 seconds), accurate (as low as 0.1 ppm), low cost and it has the potential of fabrication as a portable instrumentation system for detecting pesticides in water and soil.
{"title":"Detection of napropamide by microwave resonator sensor using carbon nanotube – polypyrrole- chitosan layer","authors":"A. Mohammadi, A. Sadrolhosseini, Hamid Nazeri","doi":"10.22104/AET.2017.453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2017.453","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and fabrication of proximity coupled feed disk resonator coated with Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Polypyrrole-Chitosan (PPy-CHI) layers as a napropamide sensor. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio was used to obtain the best design of disk resonator and feed line position in 5 GHz resonant frequency. Also, MWCNTs - PPy-CHI layers were coated on the disk resonator using electric field deposition and chemical interaction between sensing layer and napropamide was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The evaluation of the system was performed using different concentrations of commercial napropamide and pure napropamide at room temperature (25 0C). Experimental results prove that proximity coupled feed disk resonator coated with MWCNTs-PPy-CHI layers is a simple, fast (Measurement- time=5 seconds), accurate (as low as 0.1 ppm), low cost and it has the potential of fabrication as a portable instrumentation system for detecting pesticides in water and soil.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"185-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86683873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hexavalent chromium, a highly toxic metal ion employed in industrial activities, is considered as a first priority pollutant. In this study, the capsule walls of the boll of cotton (cotton waste, CW) and the waste obtained from pruning barberry bushes (barberry waste, BW) were investigated as cheap and locally available adsorbents for Cr (VI) removal. The adsorption behavior, equilibrium, and kinetic properties have been studied through batch experiments. Specifically, the sample pH showed a significant effect and an initial pH of 2.0 was most favorable for the effective removal of chromium. The equilibrium adsorption data were well fitted to the Langmuir adsorption equation with the maximum adsorption capacities of 20.7and 15.5mg/gfor CW and BW, respectively. The kinetic evaluations showed a rapid rate of adsorption (within 10 min) that followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. In competitive adsorption tests, Cl had the least effect on the adsorption efficiency of Cr (VI), especially for CW. The results indicate the potential for the application of the studied agricultural wastes as adsorbents to reduce Cr (VI) concentration in aqueous samples.
{"title":"Biosorption of hexavalent Chromium by the agricultural wastes of the cotton and barberry plants","authors":"Najme Boosaeidi, A. Pourkhabbaz, M. Jahani","doi":"10.22104/AET.2017.579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2017.579","url":null,"abstract":"Hexavalent chromium, a highly toxic metal ion employed in industrial activities, is considered as a first priority pollutant. In this study, the capsule walls of the boll of cotton (cotton waste, CW) and the waste obtained from pruning barberry bushes (barberry waste, BW) were investigated as cheap and locally available adsorbents for Cr (VI) removal. The adsorption behavior, equilibrium, and kinetic properties have been studied through batch experiments. Specifically, the sample pH showed a significant effect and an initial pH of 2.0 was most favorable for the effective removal of chromium. The equilibrium adsorption data were well fitted to the Langmuir adsorption equation with the maximum adsorption capacities of 20.7and 15.5mg/gfor CW and BW, respectively. The kinetic evaluations showed a rapid rate of adsorption (within 10 min) that followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. In competitive adsorption tests, Cl had the least effect on the adsorption efficiency of Cr (VI), especially for CW. The results indicate the potential for the application of the studied agricultural wastes as adsorbents to reduce Cr (VI) concentration in aqueous samples.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"26 1","pages":"159-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82879353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lignocellulosic wastes produced in food industries are suitable raw materials for the production of biological products. In this study, the solid state fermentation of Aspergillus flavus on lignocellulosic wastes was evaluated for microbial protein production. The fraction of the full factorial method was applied for experiment design and process optimization. The results analysis was performed through signal to noise statistical index using the Taguchi approach via Qualitek-4 software. Glycine, ammonium sulfate and iron sulfate concentration as well as temperature were considered as effective parameters. The maximum biomass concentration of 45.7 g/kg containing 55.75% (w/w) pure protein was obtained at optimal conditions including 0.5, 0.02, and 2 g/kg of ammonium sulfate, iron sulfate and glycine, respectively, at 25 °C. Ammonium sulfate (33.78% (w/w) contribution) and culture temperature (31.98% contribution) were evaluated as the most effective factors on biomass and microbial protein production. The highest interaction occurred between ammonium sulfate and glycine with an interaction severity index of 50.03%. The low deviation of 3.94% was determined between optimum theoretical biomass concentration (43.9 g/kg) and the experimentally measured one (45.7 g/kg). Due to the high protein content of 55.75% (w/w), Aspergillus flavus was introduced as a suitable strain for industrial protein production.
{"title":"Bioremediation of lignocellulosic wastes of food industries by Aspergillus flavus as food and feed additive protein by solid-state fermentation process","authors":"F. Ardestani, A. Rad","doi":"10.22104/AET.2017.589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2017.589","url":null,"abstract":"The lignocellulosic wastes produced in food industries are suitable raw materials for the production of biological products. In this study, the solid state fermentation of Aspergillus flavus on lignocellulosic wastes was evaluated for microbial protein production. The fraction of the full factorial method was applied for experiment design and process optimization. The results analysis was performed through signal to noise statistical index using the Taguchi approach via Qualitek-4 software. Glycine, ammonium sulfate and iron sulfate concentration as well as temperature were considered as effective parameters. The maximum biomass concentration of 45.7 g/kg containing 55.75% (w/w) pure protein was obtained at optimal conditions including 0.5, 0.02, and 2 g/kg of ammonium sulfate, iron sulfate and glycine, respectively, at 25 °C. Ammonium sulfate (33.78% (w/w) contribution) and culture temperature (31.98% contribution) were evaluated as the most effective factors on biomass and microbial protein production. The highest interaction occurred between ammonium sulfate and glycine with an interaction severity index of 50.03%. The low deviation of 3.94% was determined between optimum theoretical biomass concentration (43.9 g/kg) and the experimentally measured one (45.7 g/kg). Due to the high protein content of 55.75% (w/w), Aspergillus flavus was introduced as a suitable strain for industrial protein production.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"107 1","pages":"169-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77093799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two new Chitosan-based nanocomposite films were prepared: Chitosan /7% Ag nanoparticles (NPs) (NC1) and Chitosan/7% Ag NPs/5%Carbacylamidophosphate(NC2), in which the carbacylamidophosphate derivitive is N-Nicotinyl-N′,N″- bis(hexamethylenyl) phosphorictriamide (NHE) with the formula: C5H4NC(O)NHP(O)(NC6H12)2. X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) methods were used to characterize and confirm the prepared frameworkrs. XRD graph of the two nanocomposites showed all the characteristic peaks of NHE, Ag NPs, and chitosan, indicating the fact that the preparing process has not made any changes in the phases of the nanocomposites components. All the SEM micrographs and EDS analysis results also confirmed the desired structures. To study the effect of the additive NHE on the antibacterial activity of the films, in vitro antibacterial tests were done on the prepared nanocomposites against two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in Brain-Heart Infusion(BHI) medium. Results showed that the antibacterial effects of the nanocomposite containing NHE on each of the four bacteria is stronger than those for the nanocomposite without NHE.
{"title":"New Chitosan/Ag/Carbacylamidophosphate nanocomposites: Preparation and antibacterial study","authors":"N. Oroujzadeh","doi":"10.22104/AET.2017.578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2017.578","url":null,"abstract":"Two new Chitosan-based nanocomposite films were prepared: Chitosan /7% Ag nanoparticles (NPs) (NC1) and Chitosan/7% Ag NPs/5%Carbacylamidophosphate(NC2), in which the carbacylamidophosphate derivitive is N-Nicotinyl-N′,N″- bis(hexamethylenyl) phosphorictriamide (NHE) with the formula: C5H4NC(O)NHP(O)(NC6H12)2. X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) methods were used to characterize and confirm the prepared frameworkrs. XRD graph of the two nanocomposites showed all the characteristic peaks of NHE, Ag NPs, and chitosan, indicating the fact that the preparing process has not made any changes in the phases of the nanocomposites components. All the SEM micrographs and EDS analysis results also confirmed the desired structures. To study the effect of the additive NHE on the antibacterial activity of the films, in vitro antibacterial tests were done on the prepared nanocomposites against two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in Brain-Heart Infusion(BHI) medium. Results showed that the antibacterial effects of the nanocomposite containing NHE on each of the four bacteria is stronger than those for the nanocomposite without NHE.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"151-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91156480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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