Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Rural community pharmacists' willingness to receive, administer, and recommend COVID-19 vaccines after the First U.S. vaccine rollout","authors":"Sura O. AlMahasis ,&nbsp;Brent Fox ,&nbsp;David Ha ,&nbsp;Jingjing Qian ,&nbsp;Chih-hsuan Wang ,&nbsp;Salisa C. Westrick","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Vaccines remain the cornerstone for prevention of COVID-19. Particularly in rural areas, community pharmacists are among the most accessible healthcare professionals. Their advocacy for immunization can help overcome patients' vaccine hesitancy and close the disparity gap between rural and urban regions. This study explored factors influencing the willingness to recommend and administer COVID-19 vaccines among rural community pharmacists after the first U.S. vaccine rollout.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A convenience sample of rural community pharmacists completed a selfadministered, validated paper/online survey (<em>n</em> = 86, 23.4% response rate). Measures included COVID-19 vaccination status, perceived benefits of offering COVID-19 immunization services at the pharmacy, and willingness to recommend and administer COVID-19 vaccines. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistics were used to analyze potential nonresponse bias, survey responses, and associations between variables as appropriate. Alpha was set at 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The proportion of pharmacists who were vaccinated against COVID-19 was 79.1%. Over 75% of participants were in favor of recommending COVID-19 immunizations to eligible family members and patients and almost 85% agreed that they would administer COVID-19 vaccines to their patients. Most pharmacists perceived COVID-19 immunization services to be beneficial, such as attracting more patients into the pharmacy (81.2%), increasing pharmacy revenue (75.3%), and enhancing relationships with local clinics/public health agencies (74.1%). COVID-19 vaccination status and the perceived benefit of offering immunization services at the pharmacy were significantly associated with pharmacists' willingness to recommend and administer COVID-19 vaccines.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The relatively high rates of COVID-19 vaccination uptake and the strong willingness of rural community pharmacists to recommend and administer COVID-19 vaccines, after the first national vaccine rollout, were encouraging. The findings underscore the importance of engaging rural community pharmacists in efforts to prepare for and respond to future pandemics and public health crises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capturing pharmacists’ perspectives on the value, risks, and applications of ChatGPT in pharmacy practice: A qualitative study","authors":"Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun ,&nbsp;Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari ,&nbsp;Moyad Shahwan ,&nbsp;Ghala Rashid Alnuaimi ,&nbsp;Nihal Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Ammar Ali Saleh Jaber","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the pharmacists' perspectives on benefits and risks of using ChatGPT in pharmacy practice and explore how this disruptive and ground-breaking technology can be effectively integrated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and materials</h3><div>A qualitative approach that draws data from licensed pharmacists using semi-structured interviews.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most participants felt ChatGPT could enhance the compliance, use, management, safety, adherence to medication, medication counseling, minimize medication errors, and streamline medication dispensing. However, when Chat-GPT has limited information and relies on obsolete medication databases, it risks providing inaccurate recommendations and inadequate medication details. Also, most participants highlighted the difficulty in interpreting ambiguous patient input or drug descriptions when using the application.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite its potential, utilizing ChatGPT in pharmacy practice must be dependent on evidence-based results that offer profound insight into AI technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients' insights into unused medications during the COVID-19 outbreak: A qualitative study","authors":"Mutaseim Makki ,&nbsp;Asrul Akmal Shafie ,&nbsp;Ahmed Awaisu ,&nbsp;Rabia Hussain ,&nbsp;Moza Al Hail ,&nbsp;Walid Mohammed ElMotasim ,&nbsp;Mohamed Yousif Mohamed Ali Taha ,&nbsp;Einas Abdoun ,&nbsp;Noriya Mohd J. Al-Khuzaei ,&nbsp;Gamila Salama ,&nbsp;Abdulrouf Pallivalapila ,&nbsp;Wessam El Kassem ,&nbsp;Binny Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The COVID-19 outbreak had significant global healthcare implications, including the use of medications. This is specifically evident in the surge in use of some medication and a decline in the use of others. As a result, some medications end up unused, which may have subsequent health, economic, and environmental impacts.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To explore patients' insights into unused medications during the COVID-19 outbreak.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 patients attending various public and private healthcare facilities in Qatar between January and July 2021. A thematic analysis approach was utilized, with 2 researchers independently analyzing, comparing, and discussing the coding. The resulting themes were further discussed in research group meetings until a consensus was reached.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven themes emerged: awareness of unused medications and their impacts on health, economy, and the environment; barriers contributing to nonadherence/unused medications; sources of medications; factors facilitating medication use; patients' behaviors toward donated medications/reuse; patients' awareness of medication storage requirements; and patients' desire to appropriately dispose of unused medications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The COVID-19 outbreak disrupted medication supply and adherence, resulting in an increase in unused medications and inappropriate disposal. Adherence is crucial for improving patients' health and preserving medications. Implementing mail-return systems for unused medications could be a viable solution during disease outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100517"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of knowledge, perception, and readiness for telepharmacy-assisted pharmaceutical services among young pharmacists in rural Indonesia","authors":"Muhammad Thesa Ghozali","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The implementation of telepharmacy technology has expanded significantly, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, to ensure continuous pharmaceutical care services. This practice is vital in rural and underserved areas where access to healthcare is limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to assess the knowledge, perception, and readiness of young pharmacists in rural Indonesia towards telepharmacy-assisted pharmaceutical services.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July 2023 in rural areas of Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan, Indonesia. A convenience sampling method was employed with the aim of recruiting 520 registered pharmacists under 35 years of age (23–34 years old). Data were collected using an online questionnaire adapted for the local context and analyzed using SPSS version 26.0.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study achieved an 86.67 % response rate. Most participants were female (73.1 %) and aged between 26 and 30 years (53.8 %). Nearly all pharmacists (97.1 %) held a Pharm.D degree. The knowledge assessment showed high awareness of telepharmacy's importance and its role during the COVID-19 pandemic, with 96.15 % recognizing the need for a strong internet connection. Positive perception was noted, with 90.38 % agreeing that telepharmacy enhances medication access in rural areas. However, concerns about increased error rates and workload were highlighted. A substantial proportion of pharmacists expressed readiness for conducting drug counselling via video consultation (44.23 %) and showed a willingness to undergo relevant training (59.62 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Young pharmacists in rural Indonesia demonstrate a good level of knowledge and generally positive perceptions about telepharmacy, with notable readiness among pharmacists with less than five years of experience. While there is notable willingness to engage in telepharmacy practices and training, addressing concerns about workload and data security through targeted support and training will be crucial for the successful implementation of telepharmacy, potentially enhancing healthcare access in rural areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective healthcare students' perspectives and attitudes on pharmacy as a chosen career path","authors":"Shadi Doroudgar,&nbsp;Mahsa Sedaghat,&nbsp;Nabeez Noor,&nbsp;Shervin Gorji","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100512","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;With the national increase in the number of colleges and schools of pharmacy as well as the decreased pharmacy school applicant pool in recent years, pharmacy school enrollment challenges are at the forefront of issues facing pharmacy programs today. Factors that can influence a candidate's likelihood to pursue pharmacy school are important to evaluate. Recent studies assessing factors that motivate potential pre-health candidates to pursue pharmacy school or other healthcare careers are limited.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To describe prospective candidates' perspectives and attitudes toward pharmacy as a career pathway and assess factors that motivate or deter them from pursuing pharmacy as a career and from considering a specific pharmacy school.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The study was cross-sectional and used an online data collection form distributed via the Qualtrics platform from October 4, 2022 through October 12, 2022 using the social media platform Reddit. Reddit has hundreds of subcommunities known as subreddits, that allow for exchange of ideas and discussion regarding various topics. This social media platform is commonly used by pre-health students to discuss career options. The survey consisted of 28 items and two domains, demographics and prospective healthcare students' understanding of responsibilities of pharmacists and their overall perspective on pharmacy as a profession. The survey was targeted toward anyone with an intention of pursuing a health science degree or career.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Result&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Four hundred participants completed the survey. Participants were mainly Caucasian, male, and with a mean age of 25 years. This study assessed prospective candidates' perspectives and attitudes toward pharmacy as a career pathway, appealing and unappealing characteristics about pursuing a career in the field of pharmacy, and factors that motivate or deter candidates from pursuing pharmacy. While 68 % of the participants had heard that career choices are vast and vary in the field of pharmacy, most still had concerns about the pharmacy field being heavily saturated and lack of job opportunities after graduation. Almost 60 % of responders gained information about pharmacy programs through social media platforms. The North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination pass rate, postgraduate residencies/fellowships, program duration and program reputation were among the top factors in choosing a pharmacy program.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Many survey participants had heard that there are a variety of job opportunities in the field of pharmacy, but the majority had heard that the pharmacy field is heavily saturated and that there are lack of opportunities after graduation. Most responders gained information through social media platforms. For prospective pharmacy school candidates, NAPLEX pass rate, number of graduates matched with PGY1 residencies and fellowships, a","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring the impact of automated dispensing cabinets implementation on data and inventory management of human normal immunoglobulin in an acute teaching hospital: A pre- and post- intervention study","authors":"Alice Pinfield,&nbsp;Kit Lai,&nbsp;Shelley Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human Normal Immunoglobulin (HNIg) is a complex plasma-derived blood product used to treat a variety of medical conditions. Global supply problems have increased focus on HNIg stewardship, including mandatory recording of HNIg usage on the National Immunoglobulin Database (NIgD). Local departmental audits identified significant inconsistencies in data uploaded to NIgD. Inventory management issues caused a number of stock losses in the last financial year. A paper-based HNIg batch number recording system was replaced with the use of Automated Dispensing Cabinets (ADCs), which generated an electronic batch number report, with matching fields required for electronic upload to NIgD.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To measure the impact of ADC implementation on the accuracy of data uploaded to NIgD, HNIg stock control and staff time associated with processes of HNIg data and inventory management.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Three months of pre- and post-implementation HNIg dispensing data was compared to the data uploaded to the NIgD for discrepancies. Inventory reports were used to identify unexplained stock adjustments. Time and motion methods were used to quantify staff time associated with HNIg activities.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Pre-implementation: 20.7 % (3762.5 g/18,217 g) of HNIg by volume (23.7 % of dispensing episodes; 66/279) were inaccurately uploaded or absent on the NIgD and three stock adjustments were made (loss of &gt;£15 k). Post-implementation: 12 % (2325 g/19,347 g) of HNIg by volume (10.8 % of dispensing episodes; 31/286) were inaccurately uploaded or absent on the NIgD and zero stock adjustments were observed; Mean time for dispensing per HNIg prescription reduced from 17 min to 8 min; Time spent uploading data to NIgD per month reduced from 5 h to 1.75 h.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion/Conclusion</h3><div>The use of ADCs improved accuracy of NIgD data upload. Following implementation direct observations have cited unregistered or finished patient episodes, dispensing procedural compliance, and user familiarity with the system as common reasons for incomplete data uploads to NIgD. The new ADC process had consequences of forcing dispensing procedure compliance to improve uploads, whilst reducing dispensing times. It led to improved stock control and removed upload burden from dispensers. ADC stock discrepancy alerts allowed staff to proactively resolve discrepancies in real time. Time taken for additional processes to support management of stocks in ADCs, including monthly stock cycle counts, were important considerations for implementation. The key advantage of using ADC batch number reports is the ability to upload as a single monthly batch without having to manually access individual patient records on the NIgD. It facilitates early identification of failed upload attempts and supports resolution of stock discrepancies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involving community pharmacies in management of late effects of cancer treatment: Opinions from cancer survivors.","authors":"Nadia Lund Olsen ,&nbsp;Ramune Jacobsen ,&nbsp;Linda Aagaard Thomsen ,&nbsp;Lotte Stig Nørgaard","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>More than 50 % of cancer survivors experience late effects of cancer (LEC). Current models of follow-up care often prove inadequate, resulting in unresolved LEC. Given the pivotal role of community pharmacists as the most accessible healthcare professionals and the demonstrated benefits of evidence-based pharmacy services on patient centered care, exploring the potential contribution of community pharmacies in managing LEC is relevant.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate cancer survivors' needs, preferences, and attitudes regarding pharmacy involvement in managing LEC.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The developed questionnaire based on validated instruments underwent a pilot test among cancer survivors at four Danish community pharmacies. In August 2021, the questionnaire was distributed to all 611 cancer survivors of the Danish Cancer Society's cancer patient panel. The resulting quantitative data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, while qualitative data underwent a thematic content analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 611 panel members, 354 responded to the questionnaire (response rate 58 %). Fatigue was the most frequent LEC experienced by 88 % of respondents. Three out of four (75 %) of respondents expressed dissatisfaction with the level of counseling they had received regarding LEC, and 23 % disclosed not having discussed LEC with a healthcare professional despite feeling the need to do so. Nearly all respondents visited pharmacies annually and used available products to alleviate LEC. Approximately half of respondents expressed a need for counseling on the appropriate use of these products. While nearly half of respondents were receptive to pharmacy-based counseling, concerns regarding discretion and staff knowledge were prevalent.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Cancer survivors experience an insufficiency in counseling on LEC and demonstrate an openness towards involving community pharmacies in addressing this gap. However, further investigation is warranted to delineate survivors' specific needs and expectations regarding community pharmacy involvement in LEC management. Additionally, suggestions from survivors underscore the importance of enhancing pharmacy staff knowledge and establishing discreet counseling areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribers' perspectives: The impact of the controlled substance scheduling system on providing optimal patient care","authors":"Michael R. Barnes ,&nbsp;Yijia Luo ,&nbsp;Jonathon M. Parker ,&nbsp;Brian M. Shepler","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In the United States, the scheduling system for controlled substances was established by the Controlled Substance Act of 1970. In 2009, Parker et al. published the study “Physicians' knowledge and attitudes toward scheduling.” Since 2009, the opioid epidemic has gathered national attention from social and scientific perspectives as the number of drug overdose deaths in the United States has nearly tripled.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To follow up on a 2009 survey by Parker, et al. to determine prescribers' knowledge and attitudes regarding the controlled substance scheduling system and assess the impact of the controlled substance scheduling system on providing optimal patient care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The cross-sectional survey was designed to assess prescribers' attitudes and mailed to 400 randomly selected physicians and 400 randomly selected nurse practitioners.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Prescribers across all groups provided consistent responses suggesting an overall lack of understanding of controlled substance regulations, a negative attitude towards the controlled substance scheduling system, and a detrimental effect on providing optimal patient care. Responses from nurse practitioners differed significantly from physicians in 75 % (3 of the 4) questions regarding regulations, suggesting nurse practitioners possess a greater understanding of pharmaceutical regulations. Specialists' responses demonstrated an enhanced level of dissatisfaction regarding the controlled substance scheduling system compared to primary care providers in 75 % (3 of the 4) questions. Questions regarding the impact of the scheduling system on prescribing patterns differed significantly across multiple demographic groups, notably between physicians and nurse practitioners, differences in practice setting, and primary state of practice for 75 % (3 of the 4) questions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of this survey confirm the findings of Parker, et al., and further display the need for investigation into how to improve the controlled substance scheduling system in the United States.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100511"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the psychometric properties of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25 (CD-RISC 25) in pharmacy students and academics in the Eastern Mediterranean Region","authors":"Mona Almanasef ,&nbsp;Dalia Bajis ,&nbsp;Asmaa Al-Haqan ,&nbsp;Saja Alnahar ,&nbsp;Ian Bates","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Resilience is a complex concept that is defined and influenced by the context of individuals, organisations, societies and cultures. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is a widely used validated tool to evaluate psychological resilience. CD-RISC is a self-administered scale of twenty-five items, each rated by a 5-point Likert scale. The scale evaluates overall personal resilience through assessing five main resilience-related constructs; personal competence, trust in one's instincts, positive acceptance of change, control and spiritual influences. As per the scale's developers, higher scores reflecting greater level of resilience. This particular tool has not previously been tested with a pharmacy student or academic population sample.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to assess the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the CD-RISC-25 in a sample of pharmacy students and academics from faculties drawn across the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was carried out between October 2020 and January 2021 sampling pharmacy students and academics across the EMR who were invited to complete the self-administered CD-RISC 25 questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis using principal components analysis with oblique rotation was conducted on sample responses (<em>n</em> = 616). The internal consistency and reliability for each identified factor and from the CD-RISC scale was evaluated by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five factors were isolated accounting for 51.5 % total cumulative model variance. Identification of factors showed high convergence with previous work on the CD-RISC resilience tool. The current study in our sample found a five–factor structure which differed from the original scale reliabilities. This study did identify a five-factor solution with differing item factor loadings. The reliability analysis on the CD-RISC-25 items in our study sample revealed an overall Cronbach Alpha value of 0.89; however, three items showed corrected Item-total correlations of &lt;0.3. Our analysis, in this respondent sample, suggested a re-adjustment of the scale inclusions to improve overall scale stability and performance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The current research findings propose a modified five-factor structure to resilience, with a 22-item unidimensional model of CD-RISC scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral factors associated with medication adherence among hypertensive patients using the theoretical domains framework","authors":"Van De Tran ,&nbsp;Thi My Loan Vo ,&nbsp;Quang Loc Duyen Vo ,&nbsp;Minh Trung Nguyen ,&nbsp;Minh Cuong Nguyen ,&nbsp;Rebecca Susan Dewey ,&nbsp;Thi Hai Yen Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Theoretical exploration of the behavioral factors associated with adherence to medication in hypertensive patients has been limited in previous studies.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to understand the associations between demographic and health characteristics and behavioral factors for medication taking, and how these predict medication adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was conducted in hypertensive outpatients, with a sample size of 399 participants. Behavioral factors predicting medication taking, designed to align with the theoretical domains framework, and the medication adherence scale were used. Behavioral factors were determined using principal component analysis, and their associations with demographic and health characteristics and medication adherence were analyzed using non-parametric statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four behavioral factors were identified: (F1) negative emotions and beliefs about capabilities, (F2) beliefs about consequences, (F3) knowledge and skills, and (F4) social support. F1 showed a strongest inverse association with medication adherence (ρ = −0.25; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Significantly higher F1 scores were recorded in hypertensive patients with secondary school or lower education (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), income less than 4 million VND (<em>p</em> = 0.03), who were currently smoking (<em>p</em> = 0.018), self-reporting chest pain or discomfort (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and of older age (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Certain demographic and health characteristics were significantly associated with emotions and beliefs about capabilities to take medication, which, in turn, was significantly associated with medication adherence. Future research should design interventions that focus on reassuring patients of the need and of their ability to overcome their worries and sadness and reduce their difficulties in using medications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73003,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}