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Food ethics最新文献

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Animal Business: an Ethical Exploration of Corporate Responsibility Towards Animals. 动物商业:企业对动物责任的伦理探索。
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-30 DOI: 10.1007/s41055-021-00094-9
Monique Janssens

The aim of this paper is to take normative aspects of animal welfare in corporate practice from a blind spot into the spotlight, and thus connect the fields of business ethics and animal ethics. Using insights from business ethics and animal ethics, it argues that companies have a strong responsibility towards animals. Its rationale is that animals have a moral status, that moral actors have the moral obligation to take the interests of animals into account and thus, that as moral actors, companies should take the interests of animals into account, more specifically their current and future welfare. Based on this corporate responsibility, categories of corporate impact on animals in terms of welfare and longevity are offered, including normative implications for each of them. The article concludes with managerial implications for several business sectors, including the most animal-consuming and animal-welfare-threatening industry: the food sector. Welfare issues are discussed, including the issue of killing for food production.

本文的目的是将企业实践中动物福利的规范性方面从盲区带到聚光灯下,从而将商业伦理和动物伦理领域联系起来。从商业伦理和动物伦理的角度出发,它认为企业对动物负有强烈的责任。它的基本原理是动物有道德地位,有道德的行为者有道德义务考虑动物的利益,因此,作为道德行为者,公司应该考虑动物的利益,更具体地说,他们现在和未来的福利。基于这种企业责任,提供了企业在福利和寿命方面对动物影响的类别,包括每种类型的规范含义。文章总结了对几个商业部门的管理启示,包括对动物消费和动物福利威胁最大的行业:食品部门。讨论了福利问题,包括为食品生产而杀人的问题。
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引用次数: 3
Moral Reasons for Individuals in High-Income Countries to Limit Beef Consumption. 高收入国家个人限制牛肉消费的道德原因。
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.1007/s41055-022-00100-8
Anne Barnhill, Justin Bernstein, Ruth Faden, Rebecca McLaren, Travis N Rieder, Jessica Fanzo

This paper argues that individuals in many high-income countries typically have moral reasons to limit their beef consumption and consume plant-based protein instead, given the negative effects of beef production and consumption. Beef production is a significant source of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental impacts, high levels of beef consumption are associated with health risks, and some cattle production systems raise animal welfare concerns. These negative effects matter, from a variety of moral perspectives, and give us collective moral reasons to reduce beef production and consumption. But, as some ethicists have argued, we cannot draw a straight line from the ethics of production to the ethics of consumption: even if a production system is morally impermissible, this does not mean that any given individual has moral reasons to stop consuming the products of that system, given how miniscule one individual's contributions are. This paper considers how to connect those dots. We consider three distinct lines of argument in support of the conclusion that individuals have moral reasons to limit their beef consumption and shift to plant-based protein, and we consider objections to each argument. This argument applies to individuals in high beef-consuming and high greenhouse gas-emitting high-income countries, though we make this argument with a specific focus on the United States.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41055-022-00100-8.

本文认为,考虑到牛肉生产和消费的负面影响,许多高收入国家的个人通常有道德上的理由限制牛肉消费,转而食用植物性蛋白质。牛肉生产是农业温室气体排放和其他环境影响的一个重要来源,高水平的牛肉消费与健康风险有关,一些牛生产系统引起了动物福利问题。从各种道德角度来看,这些负面影响很重要,并为我们提供了减少牛肉生产和消费的集体道德理由。但是,正如一些伦理学家所主张的那样,我们不能从生产伦理到消费伦理划清一条直线:即使一个生产体系在道德上是不允许的,这并不意味着任何给定的个人都有道德理由停止消费该体系的产品,因为一个人的贡献是多么微不足道。本文考虑如何将这些点连接起来。我们考虑了三个不同的论点,以支持个人有道德理由限制牛肉消费并转向植物性蛋白质的结论,我们考虑了对每个论点的反对意见。这一论点适用于高牛肉消费和高温室气体排放的高收入国家的个人,尽管我们特别关注美国。补充资料:在线版本提供补充资料,编号为10.1007/s41055-022-00100-8。
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引用次数: 0
Building an Ethnic Food Ethic: The Case of the Ngigua Indigenous People of Southern Puebla, Mexico. 建立民族饮食伦理:以墨西哥普埃布拉州南部的恩古瓦土著居民为例。
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/s41055-021-00095-8
Diosey Ramon Lugo-Morin

Food ethics in the indigenous context is associated with a historical and profound relationship that indigenous groups have with nature. To address this relationship and identify the food uses associated with the maguey plant from a biocultural perspective among the Ngigua indigenous people living in the municipality of Tlacotepec de Benito Juárez in Puebla, the three main communities in the municipality of Tlacotepec de Benito Juárez that make use of the maguey plant were chosen. The study was carried out with a qualitative approach, using a semi-structured interview as a research technique. The analysis carried out recognises the importance of the maguey plant as a biocultural resource for the Ngigua in a context of ethical deliberation. Among the food uses associated with the maguey plant, the following are identified: pulque (a drink of pre-Hispanic origin) and red worm. Women play an important role, participating in 80% of the preparation of both foods. The cultural environment of the maguey is a way of life that, in the case of the Ngigua people, represents a strategic element for survival. In times of food crisis, the study shows how ethnic food strategies in a context of ethical deliberation can constitute an alternative for the design of food solutions in territories with food shortages.

土著背景下的饮食伦理与土著群体与自然的历史和深刻关系有关。为了解决这种关系,并从生物文化的角度确定生活在普埃布拉州特拉科特佩克德贝尼托Juárez市的Ngigua土著居民与maguey植物相关的食物用途,我们选择了特拉科特佩克德贝尼托Juárez市利用maguey植物的三个主要社区。该研究采用定性方法,采用半结构化访谈作为研究技术。所进行的分析在伦理审议的背景下认识到maguey植物作为Ngigua生物文化资源的重要性。在与maguey植物相关的食物用途中,确定了以下用途:pulque(西班牙前起源的饮料)和红虫。妇女扮演着重要的角色,参与了这两种食物80%的准备工作。马圭人的文化环境是一种生活方式,对恩吉瓜人来说,它代表着生存的战略要素。在粮食危机时期,该研究表明,在道德考虑的背景下,民族粮食战略如何构成粮食短缺地区粮食解决方案设计的另一种选择。
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引用次数: 0
Five Shapes of Cognitive Dissonance - Using Objective Hermeneutics to Understand the Meat Paradox. 认知失调的五种形态--用客观诠释学理解肉类悖论。
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s41055-021-00097-6
Stefan Mann, Helene Renaux

Objective Hermeneutics is a qualitative method that focuses on few sequences of texts, which helps understand single cases. It is used to explore how consumers cope with the contradiction between their enjoyment for meat and their empathy for animals without using frameworks drafted by social scientists. Five cases are analysed, which range from strong references towards the societal norm of meat eating to a feeling of uncertainty in the face of the animals' death. None of the cases, however, sees the necessity to find a rationale for their own meat consumption. The study concludes by raising the question about the persistence of a societal consensus for meat consumption.

客观诠释法是一种定性方法,它侧重于少数文本序列,有助于理解单个案例。它被用来探讨消费者如何在不使用社会科学家起草的框架的情况下,处理他们对肉类的喜爱和对动物的同情之间的矛盾。我们对五个案例进行了分析,这些案例既有对吃肉的社会规范的强烈认同,也有面对动物死亡的不确定感。然而,没有一个案例认为有必要为自己的肉类消费寻找理由。研究最后提出了一个问题,即社会对肉类消费的共识是否持续存在。
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引用次数: 0
Socioeconomic Status and Individual Personal Responsibility Beliefs Towards Food Access. 获得粮食的社会经济地位和个人责任信念。
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1007/s41055-021-00096-7
Robert A Coleman, Mark D Fulford

Despite worldwide attention given to food access, very little progress has been made under the current model. Recognizing that individual engagement is likely based on individual experiences and perceptions, this research study investigated whether or not a correlation exists between one's socioeconomic status (SES) and perceived personal responsibility for food access. Discussion of results and implications provide fresh insight into the ongoing global debate surrounding food access. Outcomes also provide insight into willing and able participants and point to least-cost solutions which may be better suited to implement and initiate change. Results indicate that the issue of food access is more complex than simply lobbying for better decision-making among individuals and populations, highlighting the importance of unit of analysis considerations.

尽管全世界都关注粮食供应,但在目前的模式下进展甚微。认识到个人参与可能基于个人经历和感知,这项研究调查了一个人的社会经济地位(SES)与感知的个人获得食物的责任之间是否存在相关性。对结果和影响的讨论为当前围绕粮食获取的全球辩论提供了新的见解。结果还提供了对有意愿和能力的参与者的洞察,并指出了成本最低的解决方案,这些解决方案可能更适合实施和启动变革。结果表明,粮食获取问题比简单地游说个人和人口做出更好的决策更为复杂,这突出了分析单位考虑因素的重要性。
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引用次数: 1
Containing Hunger, Contesting Injustice? Exploring the Transnational Growth of Foodbanking- and Counter-responses- Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. 遏制饥饿,对抗不公正?探索新冠肺炎大流行之前和期间食品银行的跨国增长——以及应对措施。
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-03-19 DOI: 10.1007/s41055-022-00099-y
Charlotte Spring, Kayleigh Garthwaite, Andy Fisher

COVID-19 caused levels of household food insecurity to spike, but the precarity of so many people in wealthy countries is an outgrowth of decades of eroding public provisions and labour protections that once protected people from hunger, setting the stage for the virus' unevenly-distributed harms. The prominence of corporate-sponsored foodbanking as a containment response to pandemic-aggravated food insecurity follows decades of replacing rights with charity. We review structural drivers of charity's growth to prominence as a hunger solution in North America, and of its spread to countries including the UK. By highlighting pre-pandemic pressures shaping foodbanking, including charities' efforts to retool themselves as health providers, we ask whether anti-hunger efforts during the pandemic serve to contain ongoing socioeconomic crises and the unjust living conditions they cause, or contest them through transformative pathways to a just food system. We suggest that pandemic-driven philanthropic and state funding flows have bolstered foodbanking and the food system logics that support it. By contextualising the complex and variegated politics of foodbanking in broader movements, from community food security to food sovereignty, we reframe simplistic narratives of charity and highlight the need for justice-oriented structural changes in wealth redistribution and food system organisation if we are to prevent the kinds of emergency-within-emergency that we witnessed as COVID-19 revealed the proximity of many to hunger.

COVID-19 导致家庭粮食不安全水平飙升,但富裕国家中如此多的人处于不稳定状态,是几十年来曾经保护人们免受饥饿的公共供应和劳动保护被侵蚀的结果,这为病毒造成的分布不均的危害埋下了伏笔。在以慈善取代权利的数十年后,企业赞助的粮食银行作为遏制大流行病加剧的粮食不安全的应对措施,其重要性日益凸显。我们回顾了慈善作为一种解决饥饿问题的方法在北美日益突出的结构性驱动因素,以及其向包括英国在内的国家蔓延的结构性驱动因素。通过强调大流行前形成食物银行的压力,包括慈善机构努力将自身调整为健康提供者,我们提出了一个问题:大流行期间的反饥饿努力是为了遏制持续的社会经济危机及其造成的不公正生活条件,还是通过通往公正食物体系的转型途径与之抗衡。我们认为,大流行病驱动的慈善事业和国家资金流支持了粮食银行和支持粮食银行的粮食系统逻辑。通过对粮食银行在从社区粮食安全到粮食主权等更广泛运动中复杂多样的政治背景进行分析,我们重新构建了简单化的慈善叙事,并强调如果我们要防止出现我们在 COVID-19 事件中目睹的那种 "紧急中的紧急"(emergency-within-emergency),就必须在财富再分配和粮食系统组织方面进行以正义为导向的结构性变革。
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引用次数: 0
How to Do What Is Right, Not What Is Easy: Requirements for Assessment of Genome-Edited and Genetically Modified Organisms under Ethical Guidelines 如何做正确的事,而不是简单的事:伦理准则下对基因组编辑和转基因生物的评估要求
Pub Date : 2021-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s41055-021-00091-y
T. Antonsen, T. Dassler
{"title":"How to Do What Is Right, Not What Is Easy: Requirements for Assessment of Genome-Edited and Genetically Modified Organisms under Ethical Guidelines","authors":"T. Antonsen, T. Dassler","doi":"10.1007/s41055-021-00091-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41055-021-00091-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73041,"journal":{"name":"Food ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41055-021-00091-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47337174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Establishing a Theoretical Foundation for Food Education in Schools Using Sen’s Capability Approach 运用森的能力方法建立学校食品教育的理论基础
Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s41055-021-00086-9
Haruka Ueda
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引用次数: 4
Towards a Construction of the Mediterranean Diet? The Building of a Concept between Health, Sustainability and Culture 构建地中海式饮食?健康、可持续和文化概念的构建
Pub Date : 2021-01-07 DOI: 10.1007/s41055-020-00083-4
F. X. Medina
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引用次数: 3
School Feeding and Food and Nutrition Security in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Northern Region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2019冠状病毒病大流行背景下巴西里约热内卢州北部地区的学校供餐及粮食和营养安全
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-18 DOI: 10.1007/s41055-021-00092-x
Ana Eliza Port Lourenço, Naiara Sperandio, Priscila Vieira Pontes, Luana Silva Monteiro

Due to the pandemic and the suspension of in-person school classes, there was an interruption in the meals served to approximately 40 million students who benefited from the Brazilian National School Feeding Program (PNAE). This article describes two case studies, comparing the strategies adopted by two municipalities for maintaining school feeding during the Covid-19 pandemic in the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and discuss possible impacts of these strategies on food and nutrition security. These municipalities together cover about 81% of the population in the region. In July 2020, we conducted interviews with PNAE municipal managers, following a qualitative approach. We discuss the results in relation to existing Brazilian guidance on food and nutrition security. The municipalities have developed distinct strategies to overcome operational obstacles and maintain PNAE goals, such as distributing food kits and making cash transfers to students' families. The main determinants of these strategies are financial availability, the relationship between municipal teams and school communities, and the pre-pandemic PNAE logistics and management. Depending on the strategy and duration of the pandemic, the impacts on food and nutrition security can be wide-ranging, affecting food quality and local farmers who sell products to PNAE. It is necessary to acknowledge that this is not a short-term pandemic and find ways to perform school feeding in accordance with PNAE criteria.

由于疫情大流行和学校课堂暂停,大约4000万名受益于巴西国家学校供餐计划(PNAE)的学生的膳食供应中断。本文介绍了两个案例研究,比较了巴西里约热内卢州北部地区两个城市在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间为维持学校供餐而采取的战略,并讨论了这些战略对粮食和营养安全可能产生的影响。这些城市加起来覆盖了该地区81%的人口。2020年7月,我们采用定性方法对PNAE市政经理进行了访谈。我们将讨论与巴西现有的粮食和营养安全指南相关的结果。市政当局制定了不同的战略,以克服业务障碍和维持国家发展方案的目标,例如分发食品包和向学生家庭提供现金转移。这些战略的主要决定因素是资金可用性、市政工作队与学校社区之间的关系,以及流行病前PNAE的后勤和管理。根据战略和疫情持续时间的不同,对粮食和营养安全的影响可能是广泛的,影响到食品质量和向国家粮食计划署销售产品的当地农民。必须承认,这不是一场短期的大流行病,必须找到办法,按照国家粮食计划署的标准实施学校供餐。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Food ethics
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