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Theabrownin alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting the intestinal farnesoid X receptor–ceramide axis 茶褐素通过抑制肠道类脂质 X 受体-神经酰胺轴缓解非酒精性脂肪肝
IF 7.4 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.394
Jieyi Wang, Dan Zheng, Kun Ge, Fengjie Huang, Yang Li, Xiaojiao Zheng, Wei Jia, Aihua Zhao

Theabrownin (TB), which is derived from Pu-erh tea and previously recognized as an intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist, is known to have favorable effects on metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia and obesity. However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of TB in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) require further exploration. This study aimed to use an NAFLD mouse model to evaluate changes in hepatic steatosis via the intestinal FXR–ceramide (Cer) axis following treatment with TB. The results indicated that TB alleviated hepatic steatosis and reduced total Cer levels in NAFLD mice. In particular, the levels of Cer(d18:1/16:0) in the intestine and liver were significantly reduced, which is considered to play a vital role in aggravating NAFLD. Furthermore, the transcriptional expression of Cer synthetase was markedly downregulated following treatment with TB or FXR antagonist, but this expression was reversed following treatment with a specific intestinal FXR agonist. These results indicate that TB alleviates NAFLD by reducing Cer levels via the inhibition of the intestinal FXR–Cer synthetase pathway.

从普洱茶中提取的茶褐素(TB)以前被认为是一种肠道法尼类固醇 X 受体(FXR)拮抗剂,已知它对高脂血症和肥胖症等代谢性疾病有良好的影响。然而,枸杞茶对非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)有益作用的机制还需要进一步探索。本研究旨在利用非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠模型,通过肠道 FXR-神经酰胺(Ceramide)轴评估使用结核治疗后肝脏脂肪变性的变化。结果表明,结核病可减轻非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠的肝脏脂肪变性,并降低总 Cer 水平。特别是,肠道和肝脏中的 Cer(d18:1/16:0)水平明显降低,这被认为在加重非酒精性脂肪肝方面起着至关重要的作用。此外,在使用 TB 或 FXR 拮抗剂治疗后,Cer 合成酶的转录表达明显下调,但在使用特异性肠道 FXR 激动剂治疗后,这种表达得到逆转。这些结果表明,结核病可通过抑制肠道 FXR-Cer 合成酶途径降低 Cer 的水平,从而缓解非酒精性脂肪肝。
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引用次数: 0
Certainty and uncertainty in the biological activities of resveratrol 白藜芦醇生物活性的确定性和不确定性
Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.375
Lorenzo Drago, Giorgio Ciprandi, Giulia Brindisi, Francesco Paolo Brunese, Giulio Dinardo, Alessandra Gori, Cristiana Indolfi, Matteo Naso, Enrico Tondina, Chiara Trincianti, Attilio Varricchio, Anna Maria Zicari, Hammad Ullah, Maria Daglia, the Nutraceutical and Medical Device Task Force of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology (SIAIP)

Resveratrol is a nonflavonoid polyphenolic compound with a chemical structure consisting of two aromatic rings linked by a methylene bridge. It exists in two primary isomers and has a broad range of desirable biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, and antitumor activities. Some antioxidant properties of resveratrol are known with certainty, such as its potential to positively impact cardiovascular health, inflammation, and the metabolism. On the other hand, many uncertainties and controversies plague its efficacy, including issues related to its bioavailability, dosing, human clinical trial results, interactions with other food components and drugs, and individual variability. In brief, although promising results have been observed in in vitro and in vivo studies, the translation of these findings to human health remains uncertain. Many human clinical trials on resveratrol are ongoing or have proven inconclusive, making it challenging to definitively determine its efficacy for specific health conditions and its dose and duration of treatment. Resveratrol may interact with medications and have varying effects on individuals. In conclusion, it is essential to approach resveratrol with a balanced perspective, consulting with healthcare professionals, and considering the evolving scientific evidence when making decisions regarding its clinical use.

白藜芦醇是一种非黄酮类多酚类化合物,其化学结构由一个亚甲基桥连接的两个芳香环组成。它有两种主要异构体,具有广泛的理想生物活性,包括抗氧化、抗炎、抗糖尿病、心脏保护和抗肿瘤活性。白藜芦醇的一些抗氧化特性是众所周知的,例如它可能对心血管健康、炎症和新陈代谢产生积极影响。另一方面,许多不确定因素和争议也困扰着白藜芦醇的功效,包括其生物利用度、剂量、人体临床试验结果、与其他食物成分和药物的相互作用以及个体差异等相关问题。简而言之,尽管在体外和体内研究中观察到了令人鼓舞的结果,但将这些结果转化为人类健康的效果仍不确定。许多有关白藜芦醇的人体临床试验仍在进行中,或尚未得出结论,因此要明确确定其对特定健康状况的疗效、剂量和疗程具有挑战性。白藜芦醇可能会与药物发生相互作用,并对个体产生不同的影响。总之,在决定白藜芦醇的临床应用时,必须从平衡的角度出发,咨询医疗保健专业人士,并考虑不断发展的科学证据。
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引用次数: 0
Ginsenoside Rh4 alleviates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing the CXCL9–CXCR3 axis 人参皂苷 Rh4 通过增强 CXCL9-CXCR3 轴缓解特发性肺纤维化
Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.388
Lei Yao, Linlin Qu, Jianjun Deng, Chenhui Zhu, Rongzhan Fu, Min Jiang, Daidi Fan

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), often likened to a “tumor-like disease,” proves more lethal than several malignancies. Although prior studies have demonstrated the lung-protective efficacy of ginsenosides, the precise mechanism underlying their alleviative effect on IPF remains elusive. In this study, we validated the efficacy of the ginsenoside Rh4 in alleviating IPF and delved into the underlying mechanisms. Our data showed that Rh4 intervention significantly reduced mortality and hydroxyproline (HYP) content in mice. It also alleviated the pathological process of IPF by ameliorating phenomena such as alveolar wall thickening induced by IPF. In addition, in vitro cellular experiments confirmed that ginsenoside Rh4 was effective in alleviating transforming growth factor-β1-induced IPF model. Further analysis showed that ginsenoside Rh4 significantly reduced collagen fiber production and deposition while inhibiting the coagulation cascade signaling pathway. In addition, ginsenoside Rh4 inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) pathway by promoting the CXCR3-CXCL9 axis, which ultimately alleviated IPF. In conclusion, our data strongly suggest that ginsenoside Rh4 has the potential to be an innovative prophylactic drug against IPF.

特发性肺纤维化(IPF)通常被比喻为一种 "肿瘤样疾病",其致死率高于多种恶性肿瘤。尽管之前的研究已经证明了人参皂苷的保肺功效,但其缓解 IPF 的确切机制仍未确定。在这项研究中,我们验证了人参皂苷 Rh4 在缓解 IPF 方面的功效,并深入研究了其潜在机制。我们的数据显示,干预 Rh4 能显著降低小鼠的死亡率和羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量。它还通过改善 IPF 引起的肺泡壁增厚等现象,缓解了 IPF 的病理过程。此外,体外细胞实验证实,人参皂苷 Rh4 能有效缓解转化生长因子-β1 诱导的 IPF 模型。进一步的分析表明,人参皂苷 Rh4 在抑制凝血级联信号通路的同时,还能显著减少胶原纤维的生成和沉积。此外,人参皂苷 Rh4 通过促进 CXCR3-CXCL9 轴抑制上皮-间质转化(EMT)通路,最终缓解了 IPF。总之,我们的数据有力地表明,人参皂苷Rh4有望成为一种创新的IPF预防药物。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of microwave pretreatment on truffle solar drying from an energetic perspective 从能量角度看微波预处理对松露太阳能干燥的影响
Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.390
Zakaria Tagnamas, Ali Idlimam, Abdelkader Lamharrar

Drying, an age-old method of food preservation, involves the concurrent exchange of heat and mass, resulting in reduced moisture content. The current study is based on experimental approach to evaluate the impact of combined microwave and solar drying on the drying kinetics and the energy efficiency of truffle drying. This study explores the impact of a 4-min microwave pretreatment on the solar drying of truffle slices. The findings demonstrate that microwave treatment significantly reduces the time required for solar drying. When compared to solar drying without pretreatment, microwave treatment leads to a reduction in drying time ranging from 23.07% to 70.37% at temperatures between 50 and 80°C. The Midilli–Kucuk model is employed to elucidate the experimental results, revealing strong fits with high correlation coefficients and low standard error values. Microwave pretreatment enhances the drying rate of truffle slices, resulting in a higher effective moisture diffusivity compared to untreated slices. The activation energy for drying also decreases from 76.37 to 25.25 kJ/mol after microwave pretreatment. An energy analysis of the drying process underscores that elevating the drying air temperature reduces energy consumption. Furthermore, the proposed microwave pretreatment influences the energy efficiency of the drying process.

干燥是一种古老的食品保存方法,它涉及热量和质量的同时交换,从而降低水分含量。本研究基于实验方法,评估微波和太阳能联合干燥对松露干燥动力学和能源效率的影响。本研究探讨了微波预处理 4 分钟对松露切片太阳能干燥的影响。研究结果表明,微波处理大大缩短了太阳能干燥所需的时间。与未经预处理的太阳能干燥相比,在温度介于 50 至 80°C 之间时,微波处理可使干燥时间缩短 23.07% 至 70.37%。采用 Midilli-Kucuk 模型来阐明实验结果,结果显示拟合度很高,相关系数很高,标准误差值很低。与未经处理的松露切片相比,微波预处理提高了松露切片的干燥速率,使其有效水分扩散率更高。微波预处理后,干燥活化能也从 76.37 kJ/mol 降至 25.25 kJ/mol。对干燥过程的能量分析表明,提高干燥空气温度可降低能耗。此外,建议的微波预处理还影响了干燥过程的能效。
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引用次数: 0
Valorization of biomass for food protein via deep eutectic solvent extraction: Understanding the extraction mechanism and impact on protein structure and properties 通过深层共晶溶剂萃取使生物质中的食用蛋白质增值:了解萃取机制及其对蛋白质结构和特性的影响
Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.389
Mohamad Ariff Hanafi, Farooq Anwar, Nazamid Saari

The conventional techniques for protein extraction from biomass are not fully aligned with sustainability goals, so it is important to look for some alternate solutions. By simultaneously extracting both soluble and insoluble proteins, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) offer a viable method for valorizing protein-rich biomass from a variety of sources. Notably, the molecular crowding effects of DESs may have helped unfolded proteins acquire compact and stable conformations, facilitating solubilization and effective extraction. However, there is still a lack of information regarding how DESs interact with proteins and affect the structure and properties of the recovered proteins. To enable their widespread usage as a sustainable method for extracting dietary proteins, the safety of DES-extracted proteins must also be addressed. In this paper, we review the state of the science in DES-mediated protein extraction, focusing on the extraction mechanism and the interactions between DESs and proteins. Additionally, important aspects of DES-mediated protein extraction that could affect the structure, technofunctional, nutritional characteristics, and safety of extracted protein are explored. DES-based protein extraction could be helpful to valorize different biomasses for the production of food proteins due to the specific features.

从生物质中提取蛋白质的传统技术并不完全符合可持续发展的目标,因此必须寻找一些替代解决方案。深共晶溶剂(DES)可同时提取可溶性和不溶性蛋白质,为从各种来源中提取富含蛋白质的生物质提供了一种可行的方法。值得注意的是,DES 的分子拥挤效应可能有助于未折叠蛋白质获得紧凑稳定的构象,从而促进溶解和有效提取。然而,有关 DESs 如何与蛋白质相互作用并影响回收蛋白质的结构和特性的信息仍然缺乏。为了使DES作为一种可持续的膳食蛋白质提取方法得到广泛应用,还必须解决DES提取蛋白质的安全性问题。在本文中,我们回顾了DES介导的蛋白质提取的科学现状,重点介绍了提取机制以及DES与蛋白质之间的相互作用。此外,还探讨了DES介导的蛋白质萃取可能影响萃取蛋白质的结构、技术功能、营养特性和安全性的重要方面。基于DES的蛋白质萃取法因其特殊性,可帮助利用不同的生物质生产食品蛋白质。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of high-intensity ultrasonic treatment on emulsification, rheological properties, and flow behavior of liquid egg yolk 高强度超声波处理对液态蛋黄乳化、流变特性和流动行为的影响
Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.384
Tsujii Yoshimasa, Handa Akihiro, Po-Hsien Li, Jiunnye Wang, Ping-Hsiu Huang, Jou-Hsuan Ho

High-intensity ultrasonic (HIU) treatment has been used to improve and modify the functional properties of food. HIU potentially inactivates microorganisms in food and modifies the physicochemical properties via the cavitation effect. This study evaluated the combination of different HIU power intensities, temperatures, and times for their effects on diluted liquid egg yolks’ physicochemical properties and rheological and flow behavior. The results showed that Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli in the diluted liquid egg yolks were significantly destroyed as HIU power was increased, and complete destroyed conditions were achieved at 210 W, 60°C for 6 or 9 min. Moreover, the emulsifying activity index of the diluted liquid egg yolks increased significantly at 45 and 60°C under the 75 W HIU treatment, whereas the maximum emulsifying stability index was obtained at 30°C, 210 W for 9 min. Yolk viscosity was positively correlated with HIU power intensity and temperature; the same trend was observed for flow behavior and shear stress. The fluid dynamics of the storage modulus (G′) for the 150 and 210 W HIU treatments increased significantly following the increase in temperature to 45 and 60°C, and G′ > loss modulus (G″). However, free hydrogen sulfide group content also increased significantly after the HIU treatment. Thus, this study revealed that the HIU treatment effectively destroyed the bacteria population in the diluted liquid egg yolk while maintaining or improving the emulsification properties. Moreover, the diluted liquid egg yolk flow parameters apply to egg yolk product manufacturing processes.

高强度超声波(HIU)处理已被用于改善和改变食品的功能特性。高强度超声有可能灭活食品中的微生物,并通过空化效应改变食品的理化特性。本研究评估了不同的 HIU 功率强度、温度和时间组合对稀释液态蛋黄的理化性质、流变和流动行为的影响。结果表明,随着 HIU 功率的增加,稀释液体蛋黄中的肠炎沙门氏菌和大肠埃希氏菌被显著消灭,在 210 W、60°C、6 或 9 分钟的条件下达到了完全消灭的状态。此外,在 75 W HIU 处理条件下,稀释液体蛋黄的乳化活性指数在 45 和 60°C 时明显增加,而乳化稳定性指数在 30°C、210 W、9 分钟时达到最大。蛋黄粘度与 HIU 功率强度和温度呈正相关;在流动行为和剪切应力方面也观察到同样的趋势。温度升高到 45 和 60°C 后,150 W 和 210 W HIU 处理的流体动力学存储模量(G′)显著增加,且 G′ > 损失模量(G″)。然而,游离硫化氢基团含量在 HIU 处理后也明显增加。因此,这项研究表明,HIU 处理能有效地破坏稀释蛋黄液中的细菌群,同时保持或改善乳化特性。此外,稀释蛋黄液的流动参数也适用于蛋黄产品的生产过程。
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引用次数: 0
Recent progress of food-derived bioactive peptides: Extraction, purification, function, and encapsulation 食品生物活性肽的最新进展:提取、纯化、功能和封装
Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.383
Yunsong Jiang, Jinyuan Sun, Jayani Chandrapala, Mahsa Majzoobi, Charles Brennan, Xin-An Zeng, Baoguo Sun

Functional peptides constitute a class of small molecular peptide chains with specific functions in biology and are typically composed of various amino acids. The chemical-synthesis methods for preparation of functional peptides can bring high toxicity to the human body. Therefore, there is a growing need to explore alternative, safter sources to obtain bioactive peptides. Food-derived bioactive peptides (FBPs) stand out as an ideal substitution offering safety and accessibility that can be used in health products and pharmaceuticals to elicit their effects. Presently, the extraction, purification, functional properties, and bioavailability of FBPs have been poorly summarized. This review aims to address this gap by summarizing key aspects of FBPs, covering their source, methods of preparation, extraction, isolation, purification, and identification. Additionally, the review explores the functional characteristics and mechanism underlying FBPs. Emphasis is placed on strategies to enhance the stability and bioaccessibility of FBPs, crucial for their successful application in the food and medical industries. Existing research findings suggest that adopting appropriate methods can extract FBPs with high yield and purity. FBPs exhibit both in vitro and in vivo biological activities regulating relevant pathways, showcasing their potential in the medical field. In the quest for improved stability, the application of nanomaterials emerges as a promising strategy. These advancements collectively hint at a bright future for FBPs in both food and medical matrices. As the field progresses, further exploration and refinement of extraction techniques, functional properties, and bioavailability will contribute to unlocking the full potential of FBPs in various applications.

功能肽是一类在生物学中具有特定功能的小分子肽链,通常由多种氨基酸组成。制备功能肽的化学合成方法会对人体产生剧毒。因此,人们越来越需要探索其他更安全的来源来获取生物活性肽。食品来源的生物活性肽(FBPs)是一种理想的替代品,具有安全、易获得等特点,可用于保健品和药品中以激发其功效。目前,有关 FBPs 的提取、纯化、功能特性和生物利用度的总结还很少。本综述旨在通过总结枸杞多糖的主要方面,包括其来源、制备方法、提取、分离、纯化和鉴定,来填补这一空白。此外,该综述还探讨了 FBPs 的功能特征和内在机制。重点放在提高 FBPs 稳定性和生物可及性的策略上,这对它们在食品和医药行业的成功应用至关重要。现有研究结果表明,采用适当的方法可以提取高产率和高纯度的 FBPs。FBPs 在体外和体内都表现出调节相关途径的生物活性,显示出其在医疗领域的潜力。在寻求提高稳定性的过程中,纳米材料的应用成为一种前景广阔的策略。这些进步共同预示着 FBPs 在食品和医疗基质中的光明前景。随着该领域的不断进步,对提取技术、功能特性和生物利用率的进一步探索和完善将有助于释放枸杞多糖在各种应用中的全部潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Rapid, efficient, and accurate determination of aflatoxins and capsaicinoids in vegetable oils by immunomagnetic sorbents coupled with UHPLC–MS/MS 利用免疫磁性吸附剂和超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱联用技术快速、高效、准确地测定植物油中的黄曲霉毒素和辣椒素类化合物
Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.382
Di Yuan, Yuting Yuan, Liangxiao Zhang, Fei Ma, Peiwu Li

A fast, simple, and sensitive analytic method was proposed for the simultaneous quantification of aflatoxins (AFTs) and capsaicinoids in vegetable oils by immunomagnetic sorbent coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The immunomagnetic solid phase extraction (IMSPE) sorbents were synthesized with the monoclonal antibodies via cyanogen bromide magnetic sorbents, which could modify the surface magnetic sorbents under mild synthetic condition. The IMSPE procedure had the following aspects such as ease manipulation, easy disperse, quick isolation, eco-friendly, and cost-effective. The major conditions of IMSPE procedure were systemically studied, and the optimized pretreatment was accomplished in 15 min avoding complicated condition or sophisticated equipment. Excellent linearities were achieved by the correlation (R2) more than 0.9983. The limits of quantifications of all analytes ranged from 0.03 to 0.20 µg kg−1, and the recoveries were satisfactory ranging from 75.7% to 124.0% with the intra-day and inter-day precisions less than 10.1%. Additionally, the proposed method was used to analyze AFTs and capsaicinoids in retail oil samples. Overall, 25% of soybean and peanut oils and 12.5% of corn and blended oil were detected with AFTs, and no capsaicinoid was found. The content of AFTs was under the MRLs set by EU and China regulation for food quality and safety. The validated results indicated that this method could be utilized for a rapid, efficient, and accurate quantification of AFTs and capsaicinoids in complex lipid-based matrix.

采用免疫磁性吸附剂-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对植物油中的黄曲霉毒素和辣椒碱进行了快速、简便、灵敏的定量分析。免疫磁性固相萃取(IMSPE)吸附剂是用单克隆抗体通过溴化氰磁性吸附剂合成的,在温和的合成条件下可以修饰表面磁性吸附剂。IMSPE 工艺具有易操作、易分散、分离快、环保、成本低等优点。对 IMSPE 程序的主要条件进行了系统研究,并在 15 分钟内完成了优化预处理,无需复杂条件和精密设备。实验结果表明,该方法线性关系良好,相关系数(R2)大于 0.9983。所有分析物的定量限为 0.03 至 0.20 µg kg-1,回收率为 75.7% 至 124.0%,日内和日间精密度均小于 10.1%。此外,该方法还用于分析零售油类样品中的 AFTs 和辣椒素。总体而言,25% 的大豆油和花生油以及 12.5% 的玉米油和调和油中检测到了 AFTs,没有发现辣椒素。AFTs的含量低于欧盟和中国食品质量安全法规规定的最高残留限量。验证结果表明,该方法可用于快速、高效、准确地定量检测复杂脂质基质中的AFTs和辣椒素。
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引用次数: 0
Cover Image: Volume 5, Issue 2 封面图片:第 5 卷第 2 期
Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.393

The cover image is based on the Review Article Recent trends in the application of films and coatings based on starch, cellulose, chitin, chitosan, xanthan, gellan, pullulan, Arabic gum, alginate, pectin, and carrageenan in food packaging by Hadis Rostamabadi et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.342.

封面图片来自 Hadis Rostamabadi 等人撰写的综述文章《基于淀粉、纤维素、甲壳素、壳聚糖、黄原胶、结冷胶、葡聚糖、阿拉伯胶、海藻酸、果胶和卡拉胶的薄膜和涂层在食品包装中的最新应用趋势》,https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.342。
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引用次数: 0
Featured Cover: Volume 5, Issue 2 精选封面第 5 卷第 2 期
Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.391

The cover image is based on the Research Article Comparative genomics and fermentation flavor characterization of five selected lactic acid bacteria provide predictions for flavor biosynthesis metabolic pathways in fermented muskmelon puree by Lin Yuan et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.328.

封面图片根据研究文章《五种精选乳酸菌的比较基因组学和发酵风味表征为发酵麝香瓜泥的风味生物合成代谢途径提供预测》(作者:Lin Yuan 等)制作,https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.328。
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引用次数: 0
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