Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2023.1232515
Martha G. Welch, Robert J. Ludwig, Amie A. Hane, Judy Austin, Elizabeth S. Markowitz, Marc E. Jaffe, Michael M. Myers
Introduction Based on the theory that increasing emotional connection and reducing emotional stress between mother and child at home will reduce dysregulated behavior in the classroom, we tested a novel family-based school intervention aimed at facilitating mother-child emotional connection. This question has gained great importance following the COVID-19 pandemic, as child mental health has been declared a national emergency. Methods Subjects were randomized into two groups; one (Control: n = 32) receiving the standard curriculum in a large community-based preschool education program, and another (MCEP) receiving the standard curriculum plus the Mother Child Emotional Preparation Program (MCEP: n = 30). Two to eight MCEP mother-child pairs participated in eight elective weekly 2-h group sessions over a 16-week period. During the 2-h sessions, the pairs were engaged in face to face calming sessions. At 6 months post-enrollment, we assessed mother-child emotional connection on the Welch Emotional Connection Screen (WECS). In addition, mothers and teachers completed validated questionnaires and instruments. Results We found that the percentage of MCEP mother-child pairs who became emotionally connected at 6 months was five-fold higher than Control pairs (47.4%, vs. 8.3% p = 0.004, effect size = 0.44). Also at six months, MCEP children had fewer behavioral symptoms ( p = 0.024)) (effect size >0.5); fewer autism symptoms ( p = 0.048) (effect size = 0.53); fewer emotional symptoms ( p = 0.01) (effect size >0.76); better personal, social skills ( p = 0.045) (effect size = 0.51); better executive function ( p = 0.032) (effect size = 0.59). Importantly, teachers reported MCEP children showed more improved behavior in the classroom, compared to controls. Discussion This trial was retrospectively registered in the clinicaltrial.gov registry (NCT02970565) on April 9, 2019.
{"title":"Preschool-based mother-child emotional preparation program improves emotional connection, behavior regulation in the home and classroom: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Martha G. Welch, Robert J. Ludwig, Amie A. Hane, Judy Austin, Elizabeth S. Markowitz, Marc E. Jaffe, Michael M. Myers","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2023.1232515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2023.1232515","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Based on the theory that increasing emotional connection and reducing emotional stress between mother and child at home will reduce dysregulated behavior in the classroom, we tested a novel family-based school intervention aimed at facilitating mother-child emotional connection. This question has gained great importance following the COVID-19 pandemic, as child mental health has been declared a national emergency. Methods Subjects were randomized into two groups; one (Control: n = 32) receiving the standard curriculum in a large community-based preschool education program, and another (MCEP) receiving the standard curriculum plus the Mother Child Emotional Preparation Program (MCEP: n = 30). Two to eight MCEP mother-child pairs participated in eight elective weekly 2-h group sessions over a 16-week period. During the 2-h sessions, the pairs were engaged in face to face calming sessions. At 6 months post-enrollment, we assessed mother-child emotional connection on the Welch Emotional Connection Screen (WECS). In addition, mothers and teachers completed validated questionnaires and instruments. Results We found that the percentage of MCEP mother-child pairs who became emotionally connected at 6 months was five-fold higher than Control pairs (47.4%, vs. 8.3% p = 0.004, effect size = 0.44). Also at six months, MCEP children had fewer behavioral symptoms ( p = 0.024)) (effect size >0.5); fewer autism symptoms ( p = 0.048) (effect size = 0.53); fewer emotional symptoms ( p = 0.01) (effect size >0.76); better personal, social skills ( p = 0.045) (effect size = 0.51); better executive function ( p = 0.032) (effect size = 0.59). Importantly, teachers reported MCEP children showed more improved behavior in the classroom, compared to controls. Discussion This trial was retrospectively registered in the clinicaltrial.gov registry (NCT02970565) on April 9, 2019.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction In sub-Saharan Africa, evidence shows that orphaned youth are exposed to more risky sexual behaviors than non-orphaned peers, which increases the chances of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. The fast rises in the prevalence of orphanhood are a result of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Methodology The data for this secondary analysis were collected through a cross-sectional, multi-stage, stratified, cluster randomized sampling design. Multivariable backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was fitted to determine the factors associated with risky sexual behaviors among male and female adolescents and youth aged 12–24 years. Results Of 2,556 orphaned participants, 18.3% (95% CI: 14.3–23.0) had two or more sexual partners in the last 12 months, 31.3% (95% CI: 26.3–36.6) reported no condom use at last sex, and 98.3% (95% CI: 96.6–99.2) reported no consistent condom use. The likelihood of reporting multiple sexual partnerships was significantly lower among female adolescents, those residing in rural formal/farm areas, and those who reported sexual debut at age 15 years and was higher among those who reported sexual partners 5 years and older than their age group. The odds of not using a condom at last sex were significantly higher among female adolescents and those who perceived themselves as being at high risk of HIV infection and were significantly lower among those who had sexual debut at age 15 years and older. Discussion The findings suggest that there is a need for sexual risk-reduction strategies targeted at orphans, especially male orphans and those residing in urban areas. Such efforts should include behavior change interventions for delaying the age of sexual debut, changing HIV risk perception, mitigating multiple sexual partnerships, age-disparate sexual relationships, and enhancing condom use.
{"title":"Risky sexual behaviors among orphaned youth in South Africa: findings of the 2017 population-based household survey","authors":"Noloyiso Vondo, Musawenkosi Mabaso, Vuyelwa Mehlomakulu, Ronel Sewpaul, Adlai Davids, Philisiwe Ndlovu, Derrick Sekgala, Londiwe Shandu, Sizulu Moyo","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2023.1033663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2023.1033663","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction In sub-Saharan Africa, evidence shows that orphaned youth are exposed to more risky sexual behaviors than non-orphaned peers, which increases the chances of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. The fast rises in the prevalence of orphanhood are a result of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Methodology The data for this secondary analysis were collected through a cross-sectional, multi-stage, stratified, cluster randomized sampling design. Multivariable backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was fitted to determine the factors associated with risky sexual behaviors among male and female adolescents and youth aged 12–24 years. Results Of 2,556 orphaned participants, 18.3% (95% CI: 14.3–23.0) had two or more sexual partners in the last 12 months, 31.3% (95% CI: 26.3–36.6) reported no condom use at last sex, and 98.3% (95% CI: 96.6–99.2) reported no consistent condom use. The likelihood of reporting multiple sexual partnerships was significantly lower among female adolescents, those residing in rural formal/farm areas, and those who reported sexual debut at age 15 years and was higher among those who reported sexual partners 5 years and older than their age group. The odds of not using a condom at last sex were significantly higher among female adolescents and those who perceived themselves as being at high risk of HIV infection and were significantly lower among those who had sexual debut at age 15 years and older. Discussion The findings suggest that there is a need for sexual risk-reduction strategies targeted at orphans, especially male orphans and those residing in urban areas. Such efforts should include behavior change interventions for delaying the age of sexual debut, changing HIV risk perception, mitigating multiple sexual partnerships, age-disparate sexual relationships, and enhancing condom use.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2023.1206922
Eszter Szekely, David P. Laplante, Henning Tiemeier, Jonathan Evans, Rebecca M. Pearson, Mona Bekkhus, Marian Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Ashley Wazana
Parenting is a key contributor to child development. The effects of parenting, however, also depend on child characteristics, including genetic factors. A more complete appraisal of the role of parenting thus requires a comprehensive developmental model which explores questions about parenting behavior, child susceptibility to parenting, and child psychopathology. Moving forward, we need to not only be concerned about sample sizes that limit testing of comprehensive models but also the need to replicate findings across multiple settings and samples. A consortium which harmonises key measures offers the opportunity to examine these questions. The Developmental Research in Environmental Adversity, Mental health, BIological susceptibility and Gender (DREAM BIG) consortium includes six international longitudinal prospective birth cohorts to explore the early life origins of major psychiatric disorders in childhood. Here, we will provide a brief overview of parental care research, methodological limitations, and two exciting recent attempts (i.e., the DREAM BIG consortium and the CATS-project), that address key methodological challenges.
{"title":"The DREAM BIG project as a model for harmonizing early measures of parental care and parent-child interactions across epidemiological cohorts","authors":"Eszter Szekely, David P. Laplante, Henning Tiemeier, Jonathan Evans, Rebecca M. Pearson, Mona Bekkhus, Marian Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Ashley Wazana","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2023.1206922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2023.1206922","url":null,"abstract":"Parenting is a key contributor to child development. The effects of parenting, however, also depend on child characteristics, including genetic factors. A more complete appraisal of the role of parenting thus requires a comprehensive developmental model which explores questions about parenting behavior, child susceptibility to parenting, and child psychopathology. Moving forward, we need to not only be concerned about sample sizes that limit testing of comprehensive models but also the need to replicate findings across multiple settings and samples. A consortium which harmonises key measures offers the opportunity to examine these questions. The Developmental Research in Environmental Adversity, Mental health, BIological susceptibility and Gender (DREAM BIG) consortium includes six international longitudinal prospective birth cohorts to explore the early life origins of major psychiatric disorders in childhood. Here, we will provide a brief overview of parental care research, methodological limitations, and two exciting recent attempts (i.e., the DREAM BIG consortium and the CATS-project), that address key methodological challenges.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2023.1200759
K. P. Seakamela, R. G. Mashaba, C. B. Ntimana, M. O. Mbombi, J. Tlouyamma, P. Mphekgwana, R. Nemuramba, K. Mothapo, L. Muthelo, L. N. Mabila, I. Dhau, E. Maimela
Background Pregnant teenagers have been reported to have an increased likelihood of experiencing depression than their non-pregnant peers. There is little research on the risk factors for depression in rural Black adolescents and young adults, especially after the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify the prevalence of probable depression and associated factors amongst pregnant and parenting young females. Method The study was a cross-sectional design, consisting of 362 pregnant and parenting adolescents and young adults aged 14–22. The study used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to measure probable depression. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS, version 27.0. Results The study found that the overall prevalence of probable depression was 42.8%. The study also found a relationship between alcohol consumption, lack of financial support, unplanned pregnancy, and probable depression in pregnant and parenting adolescents. The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy in the present study was 81.8%. Conclusion Furthermore, the present study indicated that participants from low socio-economic status families and those who were HIV positive were at a greater risk of depression in both groups. Therefore, we recommend that measures be put in place for early detection and treatment of depression and that social support be given to adolescent mothers.
{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of probable depression amongst pregnant and parenting young females: a comparison of adolescents and young adults in rural South Africa","authors":"K. P. Seakamela, R. G. Mashaba, C. B. Ntimana, M. O. Mbombi, J. Tlouyamma, P. Mphekgwana, R. Nemuramba, K. Mothapo, L. Muthelo, L. N. Mabila, I. Dhau, E. Maimela","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2023.1200759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2023.1200759","url":null,"abstract":"Background Pregnant teenagers have been reported to have an increased likelihood of experiencing depression than their non-pregnant peers. There is little research on the risk factors for depression in rural Black adolescents and young adults, especially after the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify the prevalence of probable depression and associated factors amongst pregnant and parenting young females. Method The study was a cross-sectional design, consisting of 362 pregnant and parenting adolescents and young adults aged 14–22. The study used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to measure probable depression. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS, version 27.0. Results The study found that the overall prevalence of probable depression was 42.8%. The study also found a relationship between alcohol consumption, lack of financial support, unplanned pregnancy, and probable depression in pregnant and parenting adolescents. The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy in the present study was 81.8%. Conclusion Furthermore, the present study indicated that participants from low socio-economic status families and those who were HIV positive were at a greater risk of depression in both groups. Therefore, we recommend that measures be put in place for early detection and treatment of depression and that social support be given to adolescent mothers.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2023.1265095
Landry Goodgame Huffman, Darian Lawrence-Sidebottom, Jennifer Huberty, Rachael Guerra, Monika Roots, Kurt Roots, Amit Parikh
Introduction Caregivers of children with mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder often experience heightened sleep problems, largely due to their children's disrupted sleep, and increased parental stress. Evidence suggests that mental and behavioral health care for children and adolescents has the potential to positively affect their caregivers; however, this has not been investigated in the context of pediatric digital mental health interventions (DMHIs). Therefore, the current study used caregivers' self-report measures to determine whether caregivers whose children are involved in a DMHI exhibit improvements in sleep problems and parental stress after initiation of their children's care. Methods Caregivers with a child or adolescent participating in behavioral coaching and/or therapy with Bend Health Inc., a pediatric DMHI that involves both the child and caregiver in care (e.g., coaching and therapy), were included in the study ( n = 662). Caregiver insomnia severity and parental stress were reported approximately every 30 days using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Parental Stress Scale (PSS). Changes in symptoms were assessed by comparing caregivers' symptom scores from baseline to first assessment after starting care. Results Among caregivers with elevated insomnia severity ( n = 88) and parental stress ( n = 119) at baseline, 77% showed improvements in sleep and 73% showed improvements in parental stress after the initiation of their child's care, with significant decreases in score from baseline to post-care (ISI: t 72 = −4.83, P < .001, d = 0.61; PSS: Z = −4.98, P < .001, d = 0.59). Discussion While extant research suggests ongoing links between child behavioral problems, parent sleep, and parent well-being, this is the first study to demonstrate improvements in caregiver sleep and stress when a child's mental health symptoms are addressed with behavioral care. Our findings offer promising preliminary evidence that caregivers experience significant secondary benefits to their sleep and parental stress when their children participate in a pediatric DMHI. Further research is warranted to investigate additional moderating and mediating factors, such as caregiver demographics and magnitude of child mental health improvement.
患有焦虑、抑郁、注意力缺陷/多动障碍等心理健康问题的儿童的照顾者经常会遇到严重的睡眠问题，这主要是由于他们的孩子睡眠中断，以及父母压力的增加。有证据表明，儿童和青少年的精神和行为卫生保健有可能对他们的照顾者产生积极影响;然而，这还没有在儿童数字心理健康干预(DMHIs)的背景下进行调查。因此，目前的研究使用照顾者的自我报告测量来确定孩子参与DMHI的照顾者是否在开始照顾孩子后表现出睡眠问题和父母压力的改善。方法有儿童或青少年参加本德健康公司(Bend Health Inc.)的行为指导和/或治疗的照顾者被纳入研究(n = 662)。本德健康公司是一家儿科DMHI，涉及儿童和照顾者的护理(例如，指导和治疗)。使用失眠严重程度指数(ISI)和父母压力量表(PSS)大约每30天报告一次照顾者失眠严重程度和父母压力。通过比较护理者从基线到开始护理后第一次评估的症状评分来评估症状的变化。结果在基线时失眠严重程度(n = 88)和父母压力(n = 119)升高的照顾者中，77%的人在开始照顾孩子后表现出睡眠改善，73%的人表现出父母压力改善，从基线到护理后得分显著下降(ISI: 72 = - 4.83, P <.001, d = 0.61;PSS: Z = - 4.98, P <.001, d = 0.59)。虽然现有的研究表明儿童行为问题、父母睡眠和父母幸福感之间存在持续的联系，但这是第一个证明通过行为护理解决儿童心理健康症状后，照顾者睡眠和压力得到改善的研究。我们的研究结果提供了有希望的初步证据，即当他们的孩子参加儿童DMHI时，照顾者在他们的睡眠和父母压力方面经历了显着的次要益处。有必要进一步研究其他调节和中介因素，如照顾者人口统计学和儿童心理健康改善的程度。
{"title":"Sleep problems and parental stress among caregivers of children and adolescents enrolled in a digital mental health intervention","authors":"Landry Goodgame Huffman, Darian Lawrence-Sidebottom, Jennifer Huberty, Rachael Guerra, Monika Roots, Kurt Roots, Amit Parikh","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2023.1265095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2023.1265095","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Caregivers of children with mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder often experience heightened sleep problems, largely due to their children's disrupted sleep, and increased parental stress. Evidence suggests that mental and behavioral health care for children and adolescents has the potential to positively affect their caregivers; however, this has not been investigated in the context of pediatric digital mental health interventions (DMHIs). Therefore, the current study used caregivers' self-report measures to determine whether caregivers whose children are involved in a DMHI exhibit improvements in sleep problems and parental stress after initiation of their children's care. Methods Caregivers with a child or adolescent participating in behavioral coaching and/or therapy with Bend Health Inc., a pediatric DMHI that involves both the child and caregiver in care (e.g., coaching and therapy), were included in the study ( n = 662). Caregiver insomnia severity and parental stress were reported approximately every 30 days using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Parental Stress Scale (PSS). Changes in symptoms were assessed by comparing caregivers' symptom scores from baseline to first assessment after starting care. Results Among caregivers with elevated insomnia severity ( n = 88) and parental stress ( n = 119) at baseline, 77% showed improvements in sleep and 73% showed improvements in parental stress after the initiation of their child's care, with significant decreases in score from baseline to post-care (ISI: t 72 = −4.83, P &lt; .001, d = 0.61; PSS: Z = −4.98, P &lt; .001, d = 0.59). Discussion While extant research suggests ongoing links between child behavioral problems, parent sleep, and parent well-being, this is the first study to demonstrate improvements in caregiver sleep and stress when a child's mental health symptoms are addressed with behavioral care. Our findings offer promising preliminary evidence that caregivers experience significant secondary benefits to their sleep and parental stress when their children participate in a pediatric DMHI. Further research is warranted to investigate additional moderating and mediating factors, such as caregiver demographics and magnitude of child mental health improvement.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135302448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2023.1173317
Annika Melinder, Astrid Brænden, Andrea Lebena, Åshild Olsen Faresjö, Elvar Theodorsson, Marit Coldevin, Jan Stubberud, Pål Zeiner
Parental stress may influence the assimilation of treatment strategies and affect a child's recovery trajectory. Thus, assessing parental stress is crucial for children requiring psychiatric care. The Parenting Stress Index (PSI) is widely utilized to gauge perceived parental stress. However, since the PSI does not quantify cortisol concentration (i.e., a biological marker for stress), it is vital to ascertain the alignment between these indicators. Moreover, understanding the correlation in cortisol concentrations between parents and children in clinical contexts can refine assessment and diagnostic methodologies. In an outpatient sample [mean age ( M age ) = 9.68 years], we examined the correlation between hair cortisol concentration (HCC) in 60 pairs of parents and children, analyzed the relationship between PSI scores and parent HCC ( n = 65), and used a regression model to probe the influence of child HCC and PSI scores on parent HCC ( n = 63). The results showed a significant relationship between parent and child HCC ( p < 0.001). The “Distraction and Hyperactivity” PSI subscale correlated significantly with parent HCC ( p = 0.02). None of the PSI scores correlated with child HCC ( p ≥ 0.07). The regression model, accounting for 44% of the variance, demonstrated that only child HCC significantly predicted parent HCC ( p < 0.001), while the “Distraction and Hyperactivity” subscale did not.
{"title":"The psychobiology of child and parental stress and the subjective perception of parental stress in a clinical sample of children","authors":"Annika Melinder, Astrid Brænden, Andrea Lebena, Åshild Olsen Faresjö, Elvar Theodorsson, Marit Coldevin, Jan Stubberud, Pål Zeiner","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2023.1173317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2023.1173317","url":null,"abstract":"Parental stress may influence the assimilation of treatment strategies and affect a child's recovery trajectory. Thus, assessing parental stress is crucial for children requiring psychiatric care. The Parenting Stress Index (PSI) is widely utilized to gauge perceived parental stress. However, since the PSI does not quantify cortisol concentration (i.e., a biological marker for stress), it is vital to ascertain the alignment between these indicators. Moreover, understanding the correlation in cortisol concentrations between parents and children in clinical contexts can refine assessment and diagnostic methodologies. In an outpatient sample [mean age ( M age ) = 9.68 years], we examined the correlation between hair cortisol concentration (HCC) in 60 pairs of parents and children, analyzed the relationship between PSI scores and parent HCC ( n = 65), and used a regression model to probe the influence of child HCC and PSI scores on parent HCC ( n = 63). The results showed a significant relationship between parent and child HCC ( p &lt; 0.001). The “Distraction and Hyperactivity” PSI subscale correlated significantly with parent HCC ( p = 0.02). None of the PSI scores correlated with child HCC ( p ≥ 0.07). The regression model, accounting for 44% of the variance, demonstrated that only child HCC significantly predicted parent HCC ( p &lt; 0.001), while the “Distraction and Hyperactivity” subscale did not.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135696151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2023.1171337
Younes Sadat-Nejad, Marlee M. Vandewouw, R. Cardy, J. Lerch, M. J. Taylor, A. Iaboni, C. Hammill, B. Syed, J. A. Brian, E. Kelley, M. Ayub, J. Crosbie, R. Schachar, S. Georgiades, R. Nicolson, E. Anagnostou, A. Kushki
Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism are multi-faceted neurodevelopmental conditions with limited biological markers. The clinical diagnoses of autism and ADHD are based on behavioural assessments and may not predict long-term outcomes or response to interventions and supports. To address this gap, data-driven methods can be used to discover groups of individuals with shared biological patterns. Methods In this study, we investigated measures derived from cortical/subcortical volume, surface area, cortical thickness, and structural covariance investigated of 565 participants with diagnoses of autism [ n = 262, median(IQR) age = 12.2(5.9), 22% female], and ADHD [ n = 171, median(IQR) age = 11.1(4.0), 21% female] as well neurotypical children [ n = 132, median(IQR) age = 12.1(6.7), 43% female]. We integrated cortical thickness, surface area, and cortical/subcortical volume, with a measure of single-participant structural covariance using a graph neural network approach. Results Our findings suggest two large clusters, which differed in measures of adaptive functioning ( χ 2 = 7.8, P = 0.004), inattention ( χ 2 = 11.169, P < 0.001), hyperactivity ( χ 2 = 18.44, P < 0.001), IQ ( χ 2 = 9.24, P = 0.002), age ( χ 2 = 70.87, P < 0.001), and sex ( χ 2 = 105.6, P < 0.001). Discussion These clusters did not align with existing diagnostic labels, suggesting that brain structure is more likely to be associated with differences in adaptive functioning, IQ, and ADHD features.
注意缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)和自闭症是多方面的神经发育疾病，生物标志物有限。自闭症和多动症的临床诊断基于行为评估，可能无法预测长期结果或对干预和支持的反应。为了解决这一差距，可以使用数据驱动的方法来发现具有共同生物模式的个体群体。方法在本研究中，我们调查了565名被诊断为自闭症(n = 262，中位年龄(IQR) = 12.2(5.9)， 22%女性)和ADHD (n = 171，中位年龄(IQR) = 11.1(4.0)， 21%女性)以及神经正常儿童(n = 132，中位年龄(IQR) = 12.1(6.7)， 43%女性)的参与者的皮质/皮质下体积、表面积、皮质厚度和结构协方差的测量结果。我们综合了皮质厚度、表面积和皮质/皮质下体积，并使用图神经网络方法测量单参与者结构协方差。结果我们的研究结果表明，在适应功能(χ 2 = 7.8, P = 0.004)、注意力不集中(χ 2 = 11.169, P <0.001)，多动症(χ 2 = 18.44, P <0.001)、智商(χ 2 = 9.24, P = 0.002)、年龄(χ 2 = 70.87, P <0.001)，性别(χ 2 = 105.6, P <0.001)。这些集群与现有的诊断标签不一致，这表明大脑结构更可能与适应功能、智商和ADHD特征的差异有关。
{"title":"Investigating heterogeneity across autism, ADHD, and typical development using measures of cortical thickness, surface area, cortical/subcortical volume, and structural covariance","authors":"Younes Sadat-Nejad, Marlee M. Vandewouw, R. Cardy, J. Lerch, M. J. Taylor, A. Iaboni, C. Hammill, B. Syed, J. A. Brian, E. Kelley, M. Ayub, J. Crosbie, R. Schachar, S. Georgiades, R. Nicolson, E. Anagnostou, A. Kushki","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2023.1171337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2023.1171337","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism are multi-faceted neurodevelopmental conditions with limited biological markers. The clinical diagnoses of autism and ADHD are based on behavioural assessments and may not predict long-term outcomes or response to interventions and supports. To address this gap, data-driven methods can be used to discover groups of individuals with shared biological patterns. Methods In this study, we investigated measures derived from cortical/subcortical volume, surface area, cortical thickness, and structural covariance investigated of 565 participants with diagnoses of autism [ n = 262, median(IQR) age = 12.2(5.9), 22% female], and ADHD [ n = 171, median(IQR) age = 11.1(4.0), 21% female] as well neurotypical children [ n = 132, median(IQR) age = 12.1(6.7), 43% female]. We integrated cortical thickness, surface area, and cortical/subcortical volume, with a measure of single-participant structural covariance using a graph neural network approach. Results Our findings suggest two large clusters, which differed in measures of adaptive functioning ( χ 2 = 7.8, P = 0.004), inattention ( χ 2 = 11.169, P &lt; 0.001), hyperactivity ( χ 2 = 18.44, P &lt; 0.001), IQ ( χ 2 = 9.24, P = 0.002), age ( χ 2 = 70.87, P &lt; 0.001), and sex ( χ 2 = 105.6, P &lt; 0.001). Discussion These clusters did not align with existing diagnostic labels, suggesting that brain structure is more likely to be associated with differences in adaptive functioning, IQ, and ADHD features.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2023.1286714
{"title":"Erratum: Therapeutic work to enhance parental mentalizing for parents with ACEs to support their children's mental health: a theoretical and clinical review","authors":"","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2023.1286714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2023.1286714","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139341085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2023.1176560
L. J. G. Krijnen, M. Verhoeven, A. L. van Baar
High quality of mother-child interaction is associated with better psychosocial outcomes in children. However, this association might depend on the context in which mother-child interaction is observed as well as specific child characteristics. In this study, we examine differences in the assessment of mother-child interaction in a free-play and a structured task context. In addition, it will be investigated whether the behaviors per context are differently associated with preterm vs. term born toddlers' psychosocial outcomes.A total of 201 Dutch mother-child dyads participated in the study, of whom 108 children were moderate to late preterm (MLP) and 93 were born at term. Mother-child interaction was observed in a free-play and a structured task context when the child was 18 months of (corrected) age. Six subscales of mother-child interaction were assessed using the Coding Interactive Behavior scheme: maternal stimulation, maternal warmth, child's negative affect, active mother and child engagement, dyadic synchrony and tense interaction. Psychosocial outcomes were assessed at 24 months of (corrected) age using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire – Social Emotional and the Child Behavior Checklist.Mother-child interaction was reliably assessed (α > .60) in each context, except for tense interaction during free-play (α = .41) and child's negative affect when averaged across contexts (α = 0.55). Compared to the free-play context, during the structured task, more child's negative affect, tense interaction and active mother and child engagement was observed in MLP and term born children, and less dyadic synchrony in MLP children (p's < .01). Only during a structured task and for term born children, active mother and child engagement was related to less social-emotional difficulties, internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Only during free-play and for MLP children, active mother and child engagement was related to less externalizing behaviors. Dyadic synchrony during a structured task was associated with less social-emotional difficulties in MLP and term born children, and dyadic synchrony during free-play was only associated with less social-emotional difficulties in term born children (all p's < .05).Most mother-child interactive behaviors can be reliably assessed in both contexts. The structured task context elicited more varied behaviors than the free-play context. With the observations in the structured task context, more associations with children's psychosocial outcomes were found than with the observations in the free-play context. Mother-child interactions characterized by active, engaged and synchronous behaviors were associated with better psychosocial outcomes in toddlers, with some differences observed for MLP vs. term born children and for the free-play vs. the structured task context. Suggestions for future research as well as clinical practice are provided.
{"title":"Observing mother-child interaction in a free-play vs. a structured task context and its relationship with preterm and term born toddlers' psychosocial outcomes","authors":"L. J. G. Krijnen, M. Verhoeven, A. L. van Baar","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2023.1176560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2023.1176560","url":null,"abstract":"High quality of mother-child interaction is associated with better psychosocial outcomes in children. However, this association might depend on the context in which mother-child interaction is observed as well as specific child characteristics. In this study, we examine differences in the assessment of mother-child interaction in a free-play and a structured task context. In addition, it will be investigated whether the behaviors per context are differently associated with preterm vs. term born toddlers' psychosocial outcomes.A total of 201 Dutch mother-child dyads participated in the study, of whom 108 children were moderate to late preterm (MLP) and 93 were born at term. Mother-child interaction was observed in a free-play and a structured task context when the child was 18 months of (corrected) age. Six subscales of mother-child interaction were assessed using the Coding Interactive Behavior scheme: maternal stimulation, maternal warmth, child's negative affect, active mother and child engagement, dyadic synchrony and tense interaction. Psychosocial outcomes were assessed at 24 months of (corrected) age using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire – Social Emotional and the Child Behavior Checklist.Mother-child interaction was reliably assessed (α > .60) in each context, except for tense interaction during free-play (α = .41) and child's negative affect when averaged across contexts (α = 0.55). Compared to the free-play context, during the structured task, more child's negative affect, tense interaction and active mother and child engagement was observed in MLP and term born children, and less dyadic synchrony in MLP children (p's < .01). Only during a structured task and for term born children, active mother and child engagement was related to less social-emotional difficulties, internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Only during free-play and for MLP children, active mother and child engagement was related to less externalizing behaviors. Dyadic synchrony during a structured task was associated with less social-emotional difficulties in MLP and term born children, and dyadic synchrony during free-play was only associated with less social-emotional difficulties in term born children (all p's < .05).Most mother-child interactive behaviors can be reliably assessed in both contexts. The structured task context elicited more varied behaviors than the free-play context. With the observations in the structured task context, more associations with children's psychosocial outcomes were found than with the observations in the free-play context. Mother-child interactions characterized by active, engaged and synchronous behaviors were associated with better psychosocial outcomes in toddlers, with some differences observed for MLP vs. term born children and for the free-play vs. the structured task context. Suggestions for future research as well as clinical practice are provided.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74346103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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