Background: Restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) is a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The structure of RRB subcategories and their relationship with atypical sensory processing in Japan are not well understood. This study examined subcategories of the RRB in Japanese children with ASD and explored their relationship with sensory processing.
Methods: A total of 103 children and adolescents with ASD participated in this study, with more than 70% having a co-occurring intellectual disability. First, exploratory factor analysis of the RRB items of the Social Responsiveness Scale second edition (SRS-2) was conducted to identify RRB subcategories. Second, Spearman correlation and multiple regression analysis were run to examine relationships between the RRB subcategories of SRS-2 and subsections of the Short Sensory Profile.
Results: Exploratory factor analysis indicated a two factors solution; repetitive sensory and motor behavior and insistence on sameness. Multiple regression analysis suggested that Movement Sensitivity and Auditory Filtering were associated with insistence on sameness. Furthermore, Underresponsive/Seeks Sensation, Visual/Auditory Sensitivity, and diagnosis of intellectual disabilities were associated with repetitive sensory and motor behavior.
Conclusions: Findings indicate that RRB subcategories are differently related to sensory processing patterns in children with ASD. These results suggested that RRB subcategories are beneficial to consider the relationship between RRB and sensory processing.
{"title":"Sensory processing associated with subcategories of restricted and repetitive behaviors in Japanese children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Haruka Noda, Naoto Yoneda, Ken Kamogawa, Goro Tanaka, Masakazu Ide, Ryoichiro Iwanaga","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1411445","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1411445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) is a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The structure of RRB subcategories and their relationship with atypical sensory processing in Japan are not well understood. This study examined subcategories of the RRB in Japanese children with ASD and explored their relationship with sensory processing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 103 children and adolescents with ASD participated in this study, with more than 70% having a co-occurring intellectual disability. First, exploratory factor analysis of the RRB items of the Social Responsiveness Scale second edition (SRS-2) was conducted to identify RRB subcategories. Second, Spearman correlation and multiple regression analysis were run to examine relationships between the RRB subcategories of SRS-2 and subsections of the Short Sensory Profile.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory factor analysis indicated a two factors solution; repetitive sensory and motor behavior and insistence on sameness. Multiple regression analysis suggested that Movement Sensitivity and Auditory Filtering were associated with insistence on sameness. Furthermore, Underresponsive/Seeks Sensation, Visual/Auditory Sensitivity, and diagnosis of intellectual disabilities were associated with repetitive sensory and motor behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings indicate that RRB subcategories are differently related to sensory processing patterns in children with ASD. These results suggested that RRB subcategories are beneficial to consider the relationship between RRB and sensory processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"3 ","pages":"1411445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2024.1415497
Hannah McDowell, Sophie Barriault, T. Afifi, Elisa Romano, Nicole Racine
As societies worldwide addressed the numerous challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, a troubling concern emerged—the possible rise of child maltreatment, which is a pernicious risk factor for child and adolescent mental health difficulties. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the many changes and challenges associated with the pandemic influenced worldwide occurrences of child maltreatment and, subsequently, the mental health of children and adolescents. First, we present the well-established evidence regarding the impact of child maltreatment on the mental health of children and adolescents both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Next, we examine the existing literature on the prevalence of child maltreatment during the pandemic, explanations for conflicting findings, and key mechanisms influencing the prevalence of maltreatment. Using a heuristic model of child maltreatment and its downstream influence on child mental health, we discuss risk and protective factors for maltreatment as well as mechanisms by which maltreatment operates to influence child and adolescent mental health. Finally, based on the accumulated evidence, we provide important recommendations for advancing research on child maltreatment, emphasizing the necessity for routine monitoring of maltreatment exposure at a population level, and discussing the implications for the field of child protection. This comprehensive review aims to contribute to the understanding of the challenges arising from the intersection of the COVID-19 pandemic and child maltreatment, with the goal of informing effective interventions in the domain of child welfare.
{"title":"Child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for child and adolescent mental health","authors":"Hannah McDowell, Sophie Barriault, T. Afifi, Elisa Romano, Nicole Racine","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1415497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1415497","url":null,"abstract":"As societies worldwide addressed the numerous challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, a troubling concern emerged—the possible rise of child maltreatment, which is a pernicious risk factor for child and adolescent mental health difficulties. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the many changes and challenges associated with the pandemic influenced worldwide occurrences of child maltreatment and, subsequently, the mental health of children and adolescents. First, we present the well-established evidence regarding the impact of child maltreatment on the mental health of children and adolescents both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Next, we examine the existing literature on the prevalence of child maltreatment during the pandemic, explanations for conflicting findings, and key mechanisms influencing the prevalence of maltreatment. Using a heuristic model of child maltreatment and its downstream influence on child mental health, we discuss risk and protective factors for maltreatment as well as mechanisms by which maltreatment operates to influence child and adolescent mental health. Finally, based on the accumulated evidence, we provide important recommendations for advancing research on child maltreatment, emphasizing the necessity for routine monitoring of maltreatment exposure at a population level, and discussing the implications for the field of child protection. This comprehensive review aims to contribute to the understanding of the challenges arising from the intersection of the COVID-19 pandemic and child maltreatment, with the goal of informing effective interventions in the domain of child welfare.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-28eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2024.1276154
V Konok, M-A Binet, Á Korom, Á Pogány, Á Miklósi, C Fitzpatrick
Introduction: Parents often use digital devices to regulate their children's negative emotions, e.g., to stop tantrums. However, this could hinder child development of self-regulatory skills. The objective of the study was to observe bidirectional longitudinal associations between parents' reliance on digital devices to regulate their child's emotions and self-regulatory tendencies (anger/frustration management, effortful control, impulsivity).
Methods: Parents (N = 265) filled out the Child Behavior Questionnaire-Short Form and the Media Assessment Questionnaire twice: the initial assessment (T1) took place in 2020 (mean child age = 3.5 years old), and follow-up (T2) occurred a year later in 2021 (mean child age = 4.5 years old).
Results: Higher occurrence of parental digital emotion regulation (PDER) in T1 predicts higher anger and lower effortful control in T2, but not impulsivity. Higher anger in T1, but not impulsivity and effortful control, predicts higher PDER in T2.
Discussion: Our results suggest that parents of children with greater temperament-based anger use digital devices to regulate the child's emotions (e.g., anger). However, this strategy hinders development of self-regulatory skills, leading to poorer effortful control and anger management in the child.
{"title":"Cure for tantrums? Longitudinal associations between parental digital emotion regulation and children's self-regulatory skills.","authors":"V Konok, M-A Binet, Á Korom, Á Pogány, Á Miklósi, C Fitzpatrick","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1276154","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1276154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Parents often use digital devices to regulate their children's negative emotions, e.g., to stop tantrums. However, this could hinder child development of self-regulatory skills. The objective of the study was to observe bidirectional longitudinal associations between parents' reliance on digital devices to regulate their child's emotions and self-regulatory tendencies (anger/frustration management, effortful control, impulsivity).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Parents (<i>N</i> = 265) filled out the Child Behavior Questionnaire-Short Form and the Media Assessment Questionnaire twice: the initial assessment (T1) took place in 2020 (mean child age = 3.5 years old), and follow-up (T2) occurred a year later in 2021 (mean child age = 4.5 years old).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher occurrence of parental digital emotion regulation (PDER) in T1 predicts higher anger and lower effortful control in T2, but not impulsivity. Higher anger in T1, but not impulsivity and effortful control, predicts higher PDER in T2.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our results suggest that parents of children with greater temperament-based anger use digital devices to regulate the child's emotions (e.g., anger). However, this strategy hinders development of self-regulatory skills, leading to poorer effortful control and anger management in the child.</p>","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"3 ","pages":"1276154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2024.1376872
Milou Looijmans, Elke Elzinga, Arne Popma, Diana van Bergen, Renske Gilissen, Saskia Mérelle
Introduction: Suicide rates among adolescents and young people are increasing, especially in Western countries. Suicidal ideation often precedes suicide attempts and suicide. Yet, research involving individuals with lived experience in suicide prevention, especially among young adults, remains scarce. Understanding their needs is crucial for effective interventions. This qualitative study aims to explore the needs and perspectives of young adults with lived experience to provide tailored recommendations for suicide prevention.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 19 young adults who had experienced suicidal ideation within the past two years. Open-ended questions addressed the needs for help and support regarding suicide prevention. Data was thematically analyzed and, through an iterative process involving discussion among all authors, categorized into six themes.
Results: The results indicated needs around more openness and understanding of suicide among the general public, advocating mental health education starting from a young age, reducing barriers in mental health care such as long waiting lists and enhancing informal support systems by facilitating online and offline peer connections. Participants also highlighted contemporary concerns such as social welfare, academic pressure, and social media as significant needs in the current time.
Conclusion: This study highlights the necessity for comprehensive suicide prevention approaches catering to the diverse needs of young adults with recent suicidal ideation. It highlights the urgency of societal awareness, early mental health education, and improved access to services. Informal support networks and addressing societal stressors are also deemed crucial. Structural changes are urged to create supportive environments.
{"title":"Understanding the needs and perspectives of young adults with recent suicidal ideation: insights for suicide prevention.","authors":"Milou Looijmans, Elke Elzinga, Arne Popma, Diana van Bergen, Renske Gilissen, Saskia Mérelle","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1376872","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1376872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Suicide rates among adolescents and young people are increasing, especially in Western countries. Suicidal ideation often precedes suicide attempts and suicide. Yet, research involving individuals with lived experience in suicide prevention, especially among young adults, remains scarce. Understanding their needs is crucial for effective interventions. This qualitative study aims to explore the needs and perspectives of young adults with lived experience to provide tailored recommendations for suicide prevention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 19 young adults who had experienced suicidal ideation within the past two years. Open-ended questions addressed the needs for help and support regarding suicide prevention. Data was thematically analyzed and, through an iterative process involving discussion among all authors, categorized into six themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated needs around more openness and understanding of suicide among the general public, advocating mental health education starting from a young age, reducing barriers in mental health care such as long waiting lists and enhancing informal support systems by facilitating online and offline peer connections. Participants also highlighted contemporary concerns such as social welfare, academic pressure, and social media as significant needs in the current time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the necessity for comprehensive suicide prevention approaches catering to the diverse needs of young adults with recent suicidal ideation. It highlights the urgency of societal awareness, early mental health education, and improved access to services. Informal support networks and addressing societal stressors are also deemed crucial. Structural changes are urged to create supportive environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"3 ","pages":"1376872"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2024.1320688
E. Dozio, Cécile Bizouerne, Valdes Wamba, Ninon Atienza
The mental health of children living in humanitarian crisis situations is a major issue. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) causes great psychological suffering and has negative consequences on children's development. The aim of the study was to analyze retrospective data collected in a mental health and psychosocial support program for children in the Central African Republic, and to compare results of two trauma-focused treatment interventions: the narrative protocol Action contre la Faim (ACF)/KONO; and the EMDR-based Group Trauma Episode Protocol (G-TEP). Both protocols are proposed in a group setting and led by paraprofessionals.In the program, 884 children attended a psychoeducation session and after that, 661 children (290 for ACF/KONO and 371 for G-TEP) benefited from all treatment sessions. PTSD was measured by the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8). General distress was measured by the Child Psychosocial Distress Screener (CPDS). Data were collected before and after treatment, and measured 5 months after the end of treatment for 185 children.Participants in the ACF/KONO group show a significant reduction on CRIES-8 (t = 44.8; p < 0.001, effect size = 2.63) and CPDS (t = 38.2; p < 0.001, effect size = 2.24). Participants to the G-TEP protocol show a significant effect with reduced scores on the CRIES-8 (t = 49.2; p < 0.001, effect size = 2.55) and CPDS (t = 57.2; p < 0.001, effect size = 2.97). A Student's t-test comparing the ACF/KONO and G-TEP groups shows no significant difference between the two types of treatment between pre- and post-treatment CRIES-8 scores (t = 1.744; p = 0.514, effect size = 0.040) and CPDS scores (t = 1.688; p = 0.092, effect size = 0.323). An analysis of the follow-up data for the 185 children shows that the effects of both protocols are maintained over time with mean scores after treatment and follow-up below the clinical cut-off for both CPDS (<8) and CRIES-8 (<17).Both protocols have been shown to be effective in reducing traumatic symptoms in children exposed to conflict; they can be conducted by paraprofessionals and used in humanitarian crisis situations.
{"title":"Comparing the effectiveness of narrative therapy and EMDR-GTEP protocols in the treatment of post-traumatic stress in children exposed to humanitarian crises","authors":"E. Dozio, Cécile Bizouerne, Valdes Wamba, Ninon Atienza","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1320688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1320688","url":null,"abstract":"The mental health of children living in humanitarian crisis situations is a major issue. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) causes great psychological suffering and has negative consequences on children's development. The aim of the study was to analyze retrospective data collected in a mental health and psychosocial support program for children in the Central African Republic, and to compare results of two trauma-focused treatment interventions: the narrative protocol Action contre la Faim (ACF)/KONO; and the EMDR-based Group Trauma Episode Protocol (G-TEP). Both protocols are proposed in a group setting and led by paraprofessionals.In the program, 884 children attended a psychoeducation session and after that, 661 children (290 for ACF/KONO and 371 for G-TEP) benefited from all treatment sessions. PTSD was measured by the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8). General distress was measured by the Child Psychosocial Distress Screener (CPDS). Data were collected before and after treatment, and measured 5 months after the end of treatment for 185 children.Participants in the ACF/KONO group show a significant reduction on CRIES-8 (t = 44.8; p < 0.001, effect size = 2.63) and CPDS (t = 38.2; p < 0.001, effect size = 2.24). Participants to the G-TEP protocol show a significant effect with reduced scores on the CRIES-8 (t = 49.2; p < 0.001, effect size = 2.55) and CPDS (t = 57.2; p < 0.001, effect size = 2.97). A Student's t-test comparing the ACF/KONO and G-TEP groups shows no significant difference between the two types of treatment between pre- and post-treatment CRIES-8 scores (t = 1.744; p = 0.514, effect size = 0.040) and CPDS scores (t = 1.688; p = 0.092, effect size = 0.323). An analysis of the follow-up data for the 185 children shows that the effects of both protocols are maintained over time with mean scores after treatment and follow-up below the clinical cut-off for both CPDS (<8) and CRIES-8 (<17).Both protocols have been shown to be effective in reducing traumatic symptoms in children exposed to conflict; they can be conducted by paraprofessionals and used in humanitarian crisis situations.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"11 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141098792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2024.1331016
Maria Licata-Dandel, Susanne Kristen-Antonow, Sarah Marx, Volker Mall
Excessive crying, sleeping, and eating disorders are among the most prevalent mental health diagnoses in the first 3 years of life and involve significant health service use. Parents of infants with excessive crying/sleeping/eating disorders report high levels of stress, since they feel incapable of soothing and/or nurturing their baby. Infants' distress can lead to a breakdown in parents' mentalizing abilities and, more specifically, parental mind-mindedness in the parent-child interaction. Moreover, the signals of infants with excessive crying/sleeping/eating disorders tend to be equivocal and difficult to read. This also might contribute to lower parent-child interaction quality. Until now, parental mind-mindedness, which is regarded as a prerequisite for sensitivity, has not been investigated in mothers of infants with excessive crying/sleeping/eating disorders. We investigated whether mind-mindedness in mothers of infants with excessive crying, sleeping and/or eating disorders differed from a healthy control group. We supposed that mothers of infants with excessive crying/sleeping/eating disorders would use (1) less appropriate mind-related comments (AMRCs), and (2) more non-attuned mind-related comments (NAMRCs) than mothers in the control group.Our sample consisted of 44 mothers and their infants who were patients in a socio-paediatric clinic in Germany. The children were diagnosed with excessive crying, sleeping and/or eating disorders according to DC:0-5 (= clinical group). The control group was composed of 64 healthy children and their mothers. Maternal mind-mindedness was coded during a free-play interaction.Results showed that mothers of infants with excessive crying, sleeping and/or eating disorders used both more AMRCs (p = .029) as well as more NAMRCs (p = .006) than mothers in the control group.The findings are discussed in terms of implications for interventions (e.g., enhancing mind-mindedness trough video-feedback).
{"title":"Mind-mindedness in mothers of infants with excessive crying/sleeping/eating disorders","authors":"Maria Licata-Dandel, Susanne Kristen-Antonow, Sarah Marx, Volker Mall","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1331016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1331016","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive crying, sleeping, and eating disorders are among the most prevalent mental health diagnoses in the first 3 years of life and involve significant health service use. Parents of infants with excessive crying/sleeping/eating disorders report high levels of stress, since they feel incapable of soothing and/or nurturing their baby. Infants' distress can lead to a breakdown in parents' mentalizing abilities and, more specifically, parental mind-mindedness in the parent-child interaction. Moreover, the signals of infants with excessive crying/sleeping/eating disorders tend to be equivocal and difficult to read. This also might contribute to lower parent-child interaction quality. Until now, parental mind-mindedness, which is regarded as a prerequisite for sensitivity, has not been investigated in mothers of infants with excessive crying/sleeping/eating disorders. We investigated whether mind-mindedness in mothers of infants with excessive crying, sleeping and/or eating disorders differed from a healthy control group. We supposed that mothers of infants with excessive crying/sleeping/eating disorders would use (1) less appropriate mind-related comments (AMRCs), and (2) more non-attuned mind-related comments (NAMRCs) than mothers in the control group.Our sample consisted of 44 mothers and their infants who were patients in a socio-paediatric clinic in Germany. The children were diagnosed with excessive crying, sleeping and/or eating disorders according to DC:0-5 (= clinical group). The control group was composed of 64 healthy children and their mothers. Maternal mind-mindedness was coded during a free-play interaction.Results showed that mothers of infants with excessive crying, sleeping and/or eating disorders used both more AMRCs (p = .029) as well as more NAMRCs (p = .006) than mothers in the control group.The findings are discussed in terms of implications for interventions (e.g., enhancing mind-mindedness trough video-feedback).","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2024.1411265
Ann H. Farrell, Heather L. Brittain, Amanda L. Krygsman, Tracy Vaillancourt
Bullying victimization is associated with numerous mental health difficulties yet studies from early in the COVID-19 pandemic revealed significant decreases in bullying victimization but significant increases in mental health difficulties for many children and adolescents. It is unclear whether the decrease in bullying victimization early in the pandemic translated to weaker associations between bullying victimization and mental health difficulties.Using a population-based design, we examined whether the correlations between bullying victimization and mental health difficulties were significantly weaker in magnitude during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the pandemic in a sample of 6,578 Canadian students in grades 4–12. Students were randomly assigned to report on their bullying and mental health experiences either during the school year before the pandemic or the school year during the pandemic. Only students who reported experiences of victimization were included in the present study as questions on mental health were specifically on difficulties experienced due to victimization.As expected, overall bullying victimization and mental health difficulties were significantly correlated before and during the pandemic, but correlations were significantly weaker in magnitude during the pandemic for girls and secondary students. Significant decreases in correlation magnitude were also found predominately for general, verbal, and social forms of bullying victimization, but not for physical and cyber victimization. Among students who reported victimization, we also found significantly lower means for mental health difficulties and most forms of bullying victimization during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic.Findings indicate a strong coupling of bullying victimization and mental health difficulties, particularly before the pandemic, and the need to reduce these associations to improve the well-being of children and adolescents.
{"title":"Bullying victimization and mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Ann H. Farrell, Heather L. Brittain, Amanda L. Krygsman, Tracy Vaillancourt","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1411265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1411265","url":null,"abstract":"Bullying victimization is associated with numerous mental health difficulties yet studies from early in the COVID-19 pandemic revealed significant decreases in bullying victimization but significant increases in mental health difficulties for many children and adolescents. It is unclear whether the decrease in bullying victimization early in the pandemic translated to weaker associations between bullying victimization and mental health difficulties.Using a population-based design, we examined whether the correlations between bullying victimization and mental health difficulties were significantly weaker in magnitude during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the pandemic in a sample of 6,578 Canadian students in grades 4–12. Students were randomly assigned to report on their bullying and mental health experiences either during the school year before the pandemic or the school year during the pandemic. Only students who reported experiences of victimization were included in the present study as questions on mental health were specifically on difficulties experienced due to victimization.As expected, overall bullying victimization and mental health difficulties were significantly correlated before and during the pandemic, but correlations were significantly weaker in magnitude during the pandemic for girls and secondary students. Significant decreases in correlation magnitude were also found predominately for general, verbal, and social forms of bullying victimization, but not for physical and cyber victimization. Among students who reported victimization, we also found significantly lower means for mental health difficulties and most forms of bullying victimization during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic.Findings indicate a strong coupling of bullying victimization and mental health difficulties, particularly before the pandemic, and the need to reduce these associations to improve the well-being of children and adolescents.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"53 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141109305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technoference, namely parental screen use in the presence of a child, is a widespread phenomenon that has negative effects on parent-child interaction and communication. When parents use screens around their children there are fewer interactions and parents are less contingent and responsive to the child. Additionally, children show more negative behaviors, such as whining, frustration, and outbursts. Communication is also affected—parents speak and gesture less towards their children and, in turn, children are less likely to develop their language abilities. It remains unclear, however, if parental distraction due to screen use affects parent-child interaction and communication more negatively compared to non-digital parental distraction. Fifty-two parent-child dyads (mean child age = 22 months, range 12–36 months) first played for 5 min (Time 1); then (Time 2), the parent was asked to fill out a questionnaire on a tablet (screen condition), on a printed form (paper-pen condition) or was not interrupted (control condition). Interactive quality was assessed at Time 1 and Time 2 using the Coding Interactive Behavior scale. Communication was assessed by coding the number of word tokens and types during Time 1 and Time 2; child gestures were also coded. Results revealed that when parents were distracted—either by the paper-pen or the screen questionnaire—the quality of the interaction significantly deteriorated (ps ≤ .01) and the quantity of parental communication significantly declined (ps ≤ .012). Importantly, the nature of the distraction did not matter: there were no significant differences between the paper-pen and the screen distraction conditions across Time 2 (ps ≥ .59). Findings suggest that parental distraction matters for the quality of interaction and the amount of communicative bids, independently on whether parents were distracted by a digital or non-digital activity. These findings likely relate to complex factors related to young children's experiences and habits with parental screen use.
{"title":"Effects of digital and non-digital parental distraction on parent-child interaction and communication","authors":"Souhir Chamam, Alexia Forcella, Nadia Musio, Florence Quinodoz, Nevena Dimitrova","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1330331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1330331","url":null,"abstract":"Technoference, namely parental screen use in the presence of a child, is a widespread phenomenon that has negative effects on parent-child interaction and communication. When parents use screens around their children there are fewer interactions and parents are less contingent and responsive to the child. Additionally, children show more negative behaviors, such as whining, frustration, and outbursts. Communication is also affected—parents speak and gesture less towards their children and, in turn, children are less likely to develop their language abilities. It remains unclear, however, if parental distraction due to screen use affects parent-child interaction and communication more negatively compared to non-digital parental distraction. Fifty-two parent-child dyads (mean child age = 22 months, range 12–36 months) first played for 5 min (Time 1); then (Time 2), the parent was asked to fill out a questionnaire on a tablet (screen condition), on a printed form (paper-pen condition) or was not interrupted (control condition). Interactive quality was assessed at Time 1 and Time 2 using the Coding Interactive Behavior scale. Communication was assessed by coding the number of word tokens and types during Time 1 and Time 2; child gestures were also coded. Results revealed that when parents were distracted—either by the paper-pen or the screen questionnaire—the quality of the interaction significantly deteriorated (ps ≤ .01) and the quantity of parental communication significantly declined (ps ≤ .012). Importantly, the nature of the distraction did not matter: there were no significant differences between the paper-pen and the screen distraction conditions across Time 2 (ps ≥ .59). Findings suggest that parental distraction matters for the quality of interaction and the amount of communicative bids, independently on whether parents were distracted by a digital or non-digital activity. These findings likely relate to complex factors related to young children's experiences and habits with parental screen use.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"38 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2024.1259038
Sanobar Jaka, Sandesh Pokhrel, Archna Patel, Albulena Sejdiu, Sanjana Taneja, Sreshatha Vashist, A. Arisoyin, Anil K. Bachu, Senthil Vel Rajan Rajaram Manoharan, Raja Mogallapu, Rikinkumar S. Patel
The aim of our study was to delineate the differences in demographics, comorbidities, and hospital outcomes by eating disorder types in adolescents and transitional-age youth (15–26 years), and measure the association with psychiatric comorbidities.We conducted a cross-sectional study using the nationwide inpatient sample (2018–2019) and included 7,435 inpatients (age 12–24 years) with a primary diagnosis of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa (AN, 71.7%), bulimia nervosa (BN, 4.7%), avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID, 9.5%), and other. We used independent logistic regression models controlled for demographics to evaluate the adjusted odds ratio association of comorbidities with eating disorder types.The mean age of BN inpatients was 17.5 years, which was significantly higher compared to the total number of inpatients with eating disorders (15.9 years). Approximately four-fifths of the inpatients with AN and BN were female patients whereas ARFID was seen in a higher proportion of male patients (32.6% vs. 13.7% overall). Anxiety (57.5%) and depressive (47.3%) disorders were prevalent in the total number of inpatients with eating disorders, with suicidal behaviors seen significantly higher in BN (25.7% vs. 12.9% overall). The likelihood of obsessive compulsive–related disorder was higher in all eating disorder types, i.e., AN (OR 2.14), BN (OR 1.79), and ARFID (OR 1.74); however, anxiety (OR 1.52) and neurodevelopmental (OR 1.70) disorders were significantly higher in ARFID. In terms of hospital outcomes, inpatients with ARFID had a longer mean length of stay (13.7 days vs. 8.4 days in BN) and higher mean total charges ($87,747 vs. $44,882 in BN).Our findings identify notable demographic and clinical distinctions within inpatients diagnosed with AN, BN, and ARFID. Specifically, inpatients with BN belonging to older age brackets manifest elevated occurrences of depressive disorders and suicidal tendencies. ARFID is linked to prolonged hospitalization and increased costs, underscoring distinctive complexities in care. This highlights the significance of personalized interventions that account for demographic variations and psychiatric comorbidities, aiming to improve outcomes for diverse populations affected by eating disorders.
{"title":"Demographics, psychiatric comorbidities, and hospital outcomes across eating disorder types in adolescents and youth: insights from US hospitals data","authors":"Sanobar Jaka, Sandesh Pokhrel, Archna Patel, Albulena Sejdiu, Sanjana Taneja, Sreshatha Vashist, A. Arisoyin, Anil K. Bachu, Senthil Vel Rajan Rajaram Manoharan, Raja Mogallapu, Rikinkumar S. Patel","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1259038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1259038","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our study was to delineate the differences in demographics, comorbidities, and hospital outcomes by eating disorder types in adolescents and transitional-age youth (15–26 years), and measure the association with psychiatric comorbidities.We conducted a cross-sectional study using the nationwide inpatient sample (2018–2019) and included 7,435 inpatients (age 12–24 years) with a primary diagnosis of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa (AN, 71.7%), bulimia nervosa (BN, 4.7%), avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID, 9.5%), and other. We used independent logistic regression models controlled for demographics to evaluate the adjusted odds ratio association of comorbidities with eating disorder types.The mean age of BN inpatients was 17.5 years, which was significantly higher compared to the total number of inpatients with eating disorders (15.9 years). Approximately four-fifths of the inpatients with AN and BN were female patients whereas ARFID was seen in a higher proportion of male patients (32.6% vs. 13.7% overall). Anxiety (57.5%) and depressive (47.3%) disorders were prevalent in the total number of inpatients with eating disorders, with suicidal behaviors seen significantly higher in BN (25.7% vs. 12.9% overall). The likelihood of obsessive compulsive–related disorder was higher in all eating disorder types, i.e., AN (OR 2.14), BN (OR 1.79), and ARFID (OR 1.74); however, anxiety (OR 1.52) and neurodevelopmental (OR 1.70) disorders were significantly higher in ARFID. In terms of hospital outcomes, inpatients with ARFID had a longer mean length of stay (13.7 days vs. 8.4 days in BN) and higher mean total charges ($87,747 vs. $44,882 in BN).Our findings identify notable demographic and clinical distinctions within inpatients diagnosed with AN, BN, and ARFID. Specifically, inpatients with BN belonging to older age brackets manifest elevated occurrences of depressive disorders and suicidal tendencies. ARFID is linked to prolonged hospitalization and increased costs, underscoring distinctive complexities in care. This highlights the significance of personalized interventions that account for demographic variations and psychiatric comorbidities, aiming to improve outcomes for diverse populations affected by eating disorders.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2024.1384439
M. van de Koppel, S. Mérelle, Y. A. J. Stikkelbroek, P. T. van der Heijden, J. Spijker, A. Popma, D. H. M. Creemers
Within the Dutch clinical field of specialized mental health care for youth, an increasing subgroup of female adolescents with severe chronic suicidal behavior is recognized. This group was also identified in a Dutch psychological autopsy study among 35 relatives of adolescents (aged 10–19 years old) who died by suicide. There seems to be a lack of knowledge and consensus how to treat this severe chronic suicidal behavior, resulting in stagnation of care and growing demoralization among patients, parents, and mental health care providers. The aim of this paper is to describe characteristics of the suicidal process, to identify challenges experienced in providing mental health care for this subgroup, and to formulate preliminary recommendations.A case description from the psychological autopsy study and a review of the relevant literature.The persistent suicidal threat and the resulting despair of the patient and their parents are forcing the mental health care provider into an impasse: the primary focus of treatment slowly moves to guarantee the patient's safety, which leaves the treatment of underlying problems underexposed. Due to the chronicity of the suicidal ideation and behavior in a phase in which identity formation and developing cognitive and emotional regulation skills are important developmental tasks, we identify a risk of developing a suicidal identity.Based on expert knowledge, we make recommendations on (1) treating suicidality as a transdiagnostic phenomenon with its own meaning and function, (2) implementing treatment considerations promoting the autonomy, (3) aiming at continuity of care and prevention of repeated patient referrals by creating a multidisciplinary network of care providers, and (4) making chronic suicidality tolerable for the care provider.We propose preliminary practical recommendations in our quest for optimal mental health care for chronically suicidal adolescents.
{"title":"Case Report: Treatment policy for female adolescents in the grip of chronic suicidality","authors":"M. van de Koppel, S. Mérelle, Y. A. J. Stikkelbroek, P. T. van der Heijden, J. Spijker, A. Popma, D. H. M. Creemers","doi":"10.3389/frcha.2024.1384439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1384439","url":null,"abstract":"Within the Dutch clinical field of specialized mental health care for youth, an increasing subgroup of female adolescents with severe chronic suicidal behavior is recognized. This group was also identified in a Dutch psychological autopsy study among 35 relatives of adolescents (aged 10–19 years old) who died by suicide. There seems to be a lack of knowledge and consensus how to treat this severe chronic suicidal behavior, resulting in stagnation of care and growing demoralization among patients, parents, and mental health care providers. The aim of this paper is to describe characteristics of the suicidal process, to identify challenges experienced in providing mental health care for this subgroup, and to formulate preliminary recommendations.A case description from the psychological autopsy study and a review of the relevant literature.The persistent suicidal threat and the resulting despair of the patient and their parents are forcing the mental health care provider into an impasse: the primary focus of treatment slowly moves to guarantee the patient's safety, which leaves the treatment of underlying problems underexposed. Due to the chronicity of the suicidal ideation and behavior in a phase in which identity formation and developing cognitive and emotional regulation skills are important developmental tasks, we identify a risk of developing a suicidal identity.Based on expert knowledge, we make recommendations on (1) treating suicidality as a transdiagnostic phenomenon with its own meaning and function, (2) implementing treatment considerations promoting the autonomy, (3) aiming at continuity of care and prevention of repeated patient referrals by creating a multidisciplinary network of care providers, and (4) making chronic suicidality tolerable for the care provider.We propose preliminary practical recommendations in our quest for optimal mental health care for chronically suicidal adolescents.","PeriodicalId":73074,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"49 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140980680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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