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Malaria control in Ghana and sub-Saharan Africa is threatened by widespread insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l., undermining the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying. A longitudinal survey was conducted between 2023 and 2025 across 20 urban and suburban sites spanning the coastal savannah, forest, and Sahel savannah zones. Of the 1,008 An. gambiae s.l. sampled, An. coluzzii was the dominant species (65.1%), followed by An. gambiae s.s. (18.9%) and An. arabiensis (10.9%). WHO bioassays revealed high pyrethroid resistance (mortality rate = 20-45%). Full susceptibility to pirimiphos-methyl (mortality rate = 99-100%) and chlorfenapyr was observed at most sites, though resistance to clothianidin was observed in Obuasi, Tema, and Abossey Okai. Intensity assays confirmed strong pyrethroid resistance even at 10× diagnostic concentrations. Genotyping showed near-fixation of the kdrL995F allele and the presence of additional resistance markers, including N1570Y, V402L, I1527T, and Ace-1R G280S.

Arboviral diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever are of increasing endemicity and public health concern in Africa. Understanding the spatial distribution and dynamics of insecticide resistance in the Aedes vector could guide effective control interventions. We conducted larval surveys and WHO adult susceptibility bioassays on emerged adults from January 2019 to December 2023 in Ghana. Bioassays revealed widespread resistance in Ae. aegypti to pyrethroids, with 33.8-88.8% mortality for deltamethrin and 65-89% for permethrin. Ae. aegypti from Paga, Takoradi, and Accra was susceptible to pirimiphos-methyl. Ae. vittatus exhibited confirmed or possible resistance to pyrethroids. Ae. albopictus was found susceptible to all insecticides tested. Genotyping of mosquitoes (n = 887) identified high allelic frequencies of the F1534C kdr mutation in the pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti populations. These findings highlight widespread pyrethroid resistance in the Ghanaian Aedes populations driven primarily by target-site insensitivity, and emphasize the urgent need for evidence-based vector-management strategies.

In Africa, Culex is an important vector that transmits West Nile virus, whilst Aedes mosquitoes transmit dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika. However, very limited data is available on their bionomics and ecology. Here, we provide data on the abundance and distribution of Culex and Aedes mosquitoes in Ghana between 2017 and 2025. We collected 39,761 Culex and 6,047 Aedes mosquitoes using various mosquito-trapping tools. Both vectors were predominantly observed outdoors. Aedes aegypti was the most dominant Aedes vector observed in Ghana. The invasive Aedes albopictus was sampled in 2023, whereas Aedes vittatus was observed in Accra. Our data provides important information to support vector surveillance, ecological risk assessments, and integrated vector-management strategies.

From May to October 2024, Cuba experienced an outbreak of Oropouche virus (OROV), an Orthobunyavirus previously restricted to the Amazon region. As no Orthobunyavirus circulation had been previously reported in Cuba, the local vector involvement was uncertain. Entomo-virological surveys were conducted in active transmission areas across three provinces. Adult insects collected with traps and aspirators were screened for OROV by real-time RT-qPCR. A total of 2,180 specimens representing six dipteran species or families were identified. Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti occurred in all provinces, with Cx. quinquefasciatus predominating (n = 1,785), followed by Ae. aegypti (n = 285) and Ceratopogonidae (n = 49). Eleven pools containing these taxa tested positive for OROV RNA. Detection of OROV in various species suggests possible involvement of multiple vectors in the Cuban outbreak. Further studies are needed to assess vector competence and elucidate OROV transmission dynamics in the Caribbean region.

Vector-borne diseases, primarily those transmitted by mosquitoes, are a serious public health problem. Some, such as dengue, put half of the world's population at risk. Combating these diseases requires multifaceted strategies, with vector surveillance and control playing key roles. Robust and predictive surveillance systems for vector-borne diseases, based on risk stratification, enable the implementation of appropriate interventions across time and space. Here, we present a collection of entomological, demographic, water and sanitation, and climatic data from Praia (Cabo Verde), a hotspot for mosquito-borne diseases. These data were collected from June to November 2022, at 40 sentinel points scattered across the urban area of Praia. They constitute a valuable source of information for developing predictive scenarios of arbovirus outbreak risk using statistical models applied to spatial and non-spatial indicators. These data demonstrate the utility of GBIF in transforming large volumes of occurrence data into valuable information for arbovirus surveillance and vector control.

In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Aedes mosquitoes are vectors of medically important arboviruses, mediating the transmission of yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya. However, systematic surveillance of these species remains limited, preventing the rapid detection of changes in distribution, abundance, and behaviour. Here, we present a geo-referenced dataset of 6,577 entomological occurrence records collected in 2024 throughout urban and peri-urban areas of Kinshasa city, DRC, using Larval dipping, Human landing catches, Prokopack aspirator, and BG-Sentinel traps. Our records include Aedes albopictus (n = 2,694), Aedes aegypti (n = 1,939), Aedes vittatus (n = 2), and Aedes spp. (n = 1,942), annotated with species, sex, life stage, reproductive status, and spatial coordinates. Our dataset is published as a Darwin Core archive in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. This dataset, the most detailed spatial record of Aedes mosquitoes in Kinshasa to date, provides a robust foundation for entomological research and data-driven arbovirus vector control in DRC.

Insecticide-based interventions continue to serve as the cornerstone of Aedes mosquito control, the primary vectors of arboviruses. This study assessed the insecticide resistance profiles of four Aedes mosquitoes in three rural areas in southern Nigeria, where arbovirus outbreaks recently occurred. Using WHO tube tests and CDC bottle bioassays, four Aedes species (Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. simpsoni complex and Ae. luteocephalus) were evaluated for susceptibility to commonly used public health insecticides, including deltamethrin, alphacypermethrin, permethrin, pirimiphos-methyl, chlorfenapyr and clothianidin. Biochemical assays were conducted using Ae. albopictus to establish the role of metabolic resistance mechanism. Amplification and sequencing of fragment of Ae. luteocephalus ITS1 gene molecularly confirmed its species identity. Aedes aegypti exhibited possible resistance to pirimiphos-methyl but remained susceptible to all other insecticides across study sites. Aedes albopictus showed resistance to DDT and possible resistance to pirimiphos-methyl, while remaining susceptible to pyrethroids. Aedes luteocephalus was resistant to pirimiphos-methyl but susceptible to all other insecticides. Aedes simpsoni complex was fully susceptible to all insecticides. Biochemical assays revealed elevated 𝛼-esterase and monooxygenase activities (3.4-fold and 2.54-fold, respectively) in exposed females of Ae. albopictus compared to the unexposed cohort. Overall, the low resistance levels observed underscore the need for sustained insecticide resistance monitoring and management to maintain the effectiveness of insecticide-based vector control strategies in Nigeria.

Non-mosquito Diptera of medical and veterinary importance, including both biting and non-biting species in the order Diptera, play a significant role in the transmission of disease pathogens, either as mechanical or biological vectors. In this review, a total of 3,492 records across seven families were identified, comprising 2,512 biting flies and 980 non-biting flies. Among the biting flies, the most frequently recorded family was Simuliidae, followed by Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Psychodidae, and Tabanidae. The majority of these records originated from northern Thailand and were previously published in various peer-reviewed journals.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.46471/gigabyte.123.].

Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to mammals, including humans, mainly by insects of the subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Also known as "kissing bugs", the subfamily includes 159 species in 18 genera and five tribes. Although most species are in the Americas, here we present the first compilation of non-American triatomine occurrences. The data (396 records) corresponds to 16 species of the genera Linschosteus and Triatoma from Africa, Asia, and Oceania collected between 1926 and 2022, and include verified records with geographic coordinates, collection dates, and ecological information. The key novelties of our dataset regard (i) temporal and geographical updates of non-American species, (ii) records of T. rubrofasciata hundreds of kilometers inland, and (iii) geographical records of the last two described Triatoma species (T. atrata and T. picta). Our resource supports global surveillance, ecological modeling, and risk assessment by providing evidence of potential vectors for Chagas disease control outside the Americas.