Yuta Fujiki, Takahisa Tanaka, Kyosuke Yakabe, Natsumi Seki, Masahiro Akiyama, Ken Uchida, Yun-Gi Kim
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
{"title":"Hydrogen gas and the gut microbiota are potential biomarkers for the development of experimental colitis in mice","authors":"Yuta Fujiki, Takahisa Tanaka, Kyosuke Yakabe, Natsumi Seki, Masahiro Akiyama, Ken Uchida, Yun-Gi Kim","doi":"10.1017/gmb.2023.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gmb.2023.17","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":73187,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
{"title":"GUT METABOLOMIC PROFILES IN PEDIATRIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS PATIENTS PRIOR TO AND AFTER RECEIVING FECAL MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANTS","authors":"Parastou S. Khalessi Hosseini, Beibei Wang, Yihui Luan, Fengzhu Sun, Sonia Michail","doi":"10.1017/gmb.2023.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gmb.2023.15","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":73187,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Coprococcus as a potential biomarker and modulator of neurological disorders. 1. Ingestion of C. eutactus spores during early infancy. 2. Germination of spores in the gut. 3. A fibre-rich diet strengthens colonisation of C. eutactus. 4. C. eutactus produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) during fibre fermentation. It has multiple butyrate production pathways. 5. Colonocytes take up SCFAs via facilitated diffusion or via free fatty acid receptors (FFARs). Butyrate metabolism by colonocytes improves the epithelial barrier function. 6. The uptake of SCFAs leads to the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and anorexigenic peptide YY (PYY). These peptides suppress appetite and may have neurological effects. 7. The gut–brain axis constitutes SCFAs and peptides transported via the blood or SCFA signalling via the vagus nerve. The implied neurological effects are indicated in the top-right corner. *Specifically associated with C. eutactus. a.a., amino acids; BBB, blood–brain barrier; HPA, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal; OCD, obsessive–compulsive disorder. Created with BioRender.com. Abstract The host–intestinal microbiome interaction has gained much scientific attention in the past two decades, boosted by advances in DNA sequencing and cultivation techniques. An accumulating amount of evidence shows that gut microbes play crucial roles in gut homeostasis, immune system education, and are associated with quality-of-life indicators. Beneficial health factors are associated with the digestion of dietary fibres in the colon and the subsequent production of short-chain fatty acids, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Coprococcus is a butyrate-producing genus in the phylum Firmicutes, and its abundance is inversely correlated with several neuropsychological and neurodegenerative disorders. Case–control studies provide strong evidence of decreased abundance of Coprococcus spp. in depressed individuals. The species Coprococcus eutactus has the unique capacity to use two separate pathways for butyrate synthesis and has been found to be depleted in children with delayed language development and adults with Parkinson’s disease. The combined literature on Coprococcus and the gut microbiota–brain axis points towards enhanced butyrate production and reduced colonisation of pathogenic clades as factors explaining its association with health effects. The genus Coprococcus is a promising candidate for a mental health biomarker and an interesting lead for novel dietary-based preventive therapies for specific neurological disorders.
{"title":"The butyrate-producing and spore-forming bacterial genus Coprococcus as a potential biomarker for neurological disorders","authors":"F. Notting, W. Pirovano, W. Sybesma, R. Kort","doi":"10.1017/gmb.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gmb.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Coprococcus as a potential biomarker and modulator of neurological disorders. 1. Ingestion of C. eutactus spores during early infancy. 2. Germination of spores in the gut. 3. A fibre-rich diet strengthens colonisation of C. eutactus. 4. C. eutactus produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) during fibre fermentation. It has multiple butyrate production pathways. 5. Colonocytes take up SCFAs via facilitated diffusion or via free fatty acid receptors (FFARs). Butyrate metabolism by colonocytes improves the epithelial barrier function. 6. The uptake of SCFAs leads to the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and anorexigenic peptide YY (PYY). These peptides suppress appetite and may have neurological effects. 7. The gut–brain axis constitutes SCFAs and peptides transported via the blood or SCFA signalling via the vagus nerve. The implied neurological effects are indicated in the top-right corner. *Specifically associated with C. eutactus. a.a., amino acids; BBB, blood–brain barrier; HPA, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal; OCD, obsessive–compulsive disorder. Created with BioRender.com. Abstract The host–intestinal microbiome interaction has gained much scientific attention in the past two decades, boosted by advances in DNA sequencing and cultivation techniques. An accumulating amount of evidence shows that gut microbes play crucial roles in gut homeostasis, immune system education, and are associated with quality-of-life indicators. Beneficial health factors are associated with the digestion of dietary fibres in the colon and the subsequent production of short-chain fatty acids, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Coprococcus is a butyrate-producing genus in the phylum Firmicutes, and its abundance is inversely correlated with several neuropsychological and neurodegenerative disorders. Case–control studies provide strong evidence of decreased abundance of Coprococcus spp. in depressed individuals. The species Coprococcus eutactus has the unique capacity to use two separate pathways for butyrate synthesis and has been found to be depleted in children with delayed language development and adults with Parkinson’s disease. The combined literature on Coprococcus and the gut microbiota–brain axis points towards enhanced butyrate production and reduced colonisation of pathogenic clades as factors explaining its association with health effects. The genus Coprococcus is a promising candidate for a mental health biomarker and an interesting lead for novel dietary-based preventive therapies for specific neurological disorders.","PeriodicalId":73187,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46753227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Lampeter, Charles Love, T. T. Tang, Aditi Marella, H. Y. Lee, Armani K Oganyan, Devin Moffat, Anisha Kareem, Matthew Rusling, Aubrey Massmann, Melanie Orr, C. Bongiorno, Lilian Yuan
Abstract Risk of bias assessment is a critical step of any meta-analysis or systematic review. Given the low sample count of many microbiome studies, especially observational or cohort studies involving human subjects, many microbiome studies have low power. This increases the importance of performing meta-analysis and systematic review for microbiome research in order to enhance the relevance and applicability of microbiome results. This work proposes a method based on the ROBINS-I tool to systematically consider sources of bias in microbiome research seeking to perform meta-analysis or systematic review for microbiome studies.
{"title":"Risk of bias assessment tool for systematic review and meta-analysis of the gut microbiome","authors":"Thomas Lampeter, Charles Love, T. T. Tang, Aditi Marella, H. Y. Lee, Armani K Oganyan, Devin Moffat, Anisha Kareem, Matthew Rusling, Aubrey Massmann, Melanie Orr, C. Bongiorno, Lilian Yuan","doi":"10.1017/gmb.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gmb.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Risk of bias assessment is a critical step of any meta-analysis or systematic review. Given the low sample count of many microbiome studies, especially observational or cohort studies involving human subjects, many microbiome studies have low power. This increases the importance of performing meta-analysis and systematic review for microbiome research in order to enhance the relevance and applicability of microbiome results. This work proposes a method based on the ROBINS-I tool to systematically consider sources of bias in microbiome research seeking to perform meta-analysis or systematic review for microbiome studies.","PeriodicalId":73187,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48581923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Houtkamp, M. van Zijll Langhout, M. Bessem, W. Pirovano, R. Kort
Abstract Abstract We carried out a comparative analysis between the bacterial microbiota composition of zoo-housed western lowland gorillas and their wild counterparts through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. In addition, we characterised the carbohydrate-active and methanogenic potential of the zoo-housed gorilla (ZHG) microbiome through shotgun metagenomics and RNA sequencing. The ZHG microbiota showed increased alpha diversity in terms of bacterial species richness and a distinct composition from that of the wild gorilla microbiota, including a loss of abundant fibre-degrading and hydrogenic Chloroflexi. Metagenomic analysis of the CAZyome indicated predominant oligosaccharide-degrading activity, while RNA sequencing revealed diverse cellulase and hemi-cellulase activities in the ZHG gut, contributing to a total of 268 identified carbohydrate-active enzymes. Metatranscriptome analysis revealed a substantial contribution of 38% of the transcripts from anaerobic fungi and archaea to the gorilla microbiome. This activity originates from cellulose-degrading and hydrogenic fungal species belonging to the class Neocallimastigomycetes, as well as from methylotrophic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic archaea belonging to the classes Thermoplasmata and Methanobacteria, respectively. Our study shows the added value of RNA sequencing in a multiomics approach and highlights the contribution of eukaryotic and archaeal activities to the gut microbiome of gorillas.
{"title":"Multiomics characterisation of the zoo-housed gorilla gut microbiome reveals bacterial community compositions shifts, fungal cellulose-degrading, and archaeal methanogenic activity","authors":"I. Houtkamp, M. van Zijll Langhout, M. Bessem, W. Pirovano, R. Kort","doi":"10.1017/gmb.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gmb.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Abstract We carried out a comparative analysis between the bacterial microbiota composition of zoo-housed western lowland gorillas and their wild counterparts through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. In addition, we characterised the carbohydrate-active and methanogenic potential of the zoo-housed gorilla (ZHG) microbiome through shotgun metagenomics and RNA sequencing. The ZHG microbiota showed increased alpha diversity in terms of bacterial species richness and a distinct composition from that of the wild gorilla microbiota, including a loss of abundant fibre-degrading and hydrogenic Chloroflexi. Metagenomic analysis of the CAZyome indicated predominant oligosaccharide-degrading activity, while RNA sequencing revealed diverse cellulase and hemi-cellulase activities in the ZHG gut, contributing to a total of 268 identified carbohydrate-active enzymes. Metatranscriptome analysis revealed a substantial contribution of 38% of the transcripts from anaerobic fungi and archaea to the gorilla microbiome. This activity originates from cellulose-degrading and hydrogenic fungal species belonging to the class Neocallimastigomycetes, as well as from methylotrophic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic archaea belonging to the classes Thermoplasmata and Methanobacteria, respectively. Our study shows the added value of RNA sequencing in a multiomics approach and highlights the contribution of eukaryotic and archaeal activities to the gut microbiome of gorillas.","PeriodicalId":73187,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41930133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kylene Guse, A. Sharma, Emily Weyenberg, Samuel Davison, Yiwei Ma, Yuni Choi, A. Johnson, Chi Chen, A. Gomez
Abstract The industrialisation of Western food systems has reduced the regular consumption of lacto-fermented vegetables (LFV). Consuming LFV may exert health benefits through the alteration of the gut microbiome, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. To start understanding the possible benefits of LFV, we compared faecal microbial diversity and composition, as well as dietary habits between individuals who regularly consume LFV (n = 23) and those who do not (n = 24). We utilised microbial DNA amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA and ITS2) and untargeted metabolomics (LC–MS) to analyse stool samples. Study participants also provided three consecutive days of dietary data. Results show minor effects on microbiome composition; with the enrichment of a few microorganisms potentially associated with vegetable ferments, such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (P < 0.05), in LFV consumers. However, LFV consumption had greater effects on the faecal metabolome, with higher abundances of butyrate, acetate, and valerate (P < 0.05) and significantly greater metabolome diversity (P < 0.001). Overall, the observations of minor changes in the faecal microbiome and greater effects on the faecal metabolome from LFV consumption warrant further investigations on the health significance of LFV as regular components of the daily diet in humans.
{"title":"Regular consumption of lacto-fermented vegetables has greater effects on the gut metabolome compared with the microbiome","authors":"Kylene Guse, A. Sharma, Emily Weyenberg, Samuel Davison, Yiwei Ma, Yuni Choi, A. Johnson, Chi Chen, A. Gomez","doi":"10.1017/gmb.2023.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gmb.2023.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The industrialisation of Western food systems has reduced the regular consumption of lacto-fermented vegetables (LFV). Consuming LFV may exert health benefits through the alteration of the gut microbiome, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. To start understanding the possible benefits of LFV, we compared faecal microbial diversity and composition, as well as dietary habits between individuals who regularly consume LFV (n = 23) and those who do not (n = 24). We utilised microbial DNA amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA and ITS2) and untargeted metabolomics (LC–MS) to analyse stool samples. Study participants also provided three consecutive days of dietary data. Results show minor effects on microbiome composition; with the enrichment of a few microorganisms potentially associated with vegetable ferments, such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (P < 0.05), in LFV consumers. However, LFV consumption had greater effects on the faecal metabolome, with higher abundances of butyrate, acetate, and valerate (P < 0.05) and significantly greater metabolome diversity (P < 0.001). Overall, the observations of minor changes in the faecal microbiome and greater effects on the faecal metabolome from LFV consumption warrant further investigations on the health significance of LFV as regular components of the daily diet in humans.","PeriodicalId":73187,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49226842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The evolution of the understanding of the intestinal microbiota and its influence on our organism leverages it as a potential protagonist in therapies aimed at diseases that affect not only the intestine but also neural pathways and the central nervous system itself. This study, developed from a thorough systematic review, sought to demonstrate the influence of the intervention on the intestinal microbiota in subjects with Alzheimer’s disease. Clinical trials using different classes of probiotics have depicted noteworthy remission of symptoms, whose measurement was performed based on screenings and scores applied before, during, and after the period of probiotics use, allowing the observation of changes in functionality and symptomatology of patients. On the other hand, faecal microbiota transplantation requires further validation through clinical trials, even though it has already been reported in case studies as promising from the symptomatology point of view. The current compilation of studies made it possible to demonstrate the potential influence of the intestinal microbiota on Alzheimer’s pathology. However, new clinical studies with a larger number of participants are needed to obtain further clarification on pathophysiological correlations.
{"title":"The intestinal microbiota as an ally in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Sabrina Sehn Hilgert, D. Dias","doi":"10.1017/gmb.2023.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gmb.2023.8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The evolution of the understanding of the intestinal microbiota and its influence on our organism leverages it as a potential protagonist in therapies aimed at diseases that affect not only the intestine but also neural pathways and the central nervous system itself. This study, developed from a thorough systematic review, sought to demonstrate the influence of the intervention on the intestinal microbiota in subjects with Alzheimer’s disease. Clinical trials using different classes of probiotics have depicted noteworthy remission of symptoms, whose measurement was performed based on screenings and scores applied before, during, and after the period of probiotics use, allowing the observation of changes in functionality and symptomatology of patients. On the other hand, faecal microbiota transplantation requires further validation through clinical trials, even though it has already been reported in case studies as promising from the symptomatology point of view. The current compilation of studies made it possible to demonstrate the potential influence of the intestinal microbiota on Alzheimer’s pathology. However, new clinical studies with a larger number of participants are needed to obtain further clarification on pathophysiological correlations.","PeriodicalId":73187,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48841928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Nawarathna, K. Fakhruddin, A. Shorbagi, L. Samaranayake
Abstract Environmental stressors can disrupt the gut–brain relationship and alter the gut microbial composition, potentially leading to chronic pain, including neuropathic pain (NP). To understand this complex relationship, we conducted a systematic scoping review to examine the gut microbial-neuroimmune connection to NP and the potential therapeutic targets. The review includes English-language manuscripts in databases such as MEDLINE, Cochrane, and DOAJ between January 2000 and April 2022. Out of the 48 full texts examined, only 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. These included a randomised controlled trial involving 327 individuals, an in vitro, and 13 animal model studies. The findings suggest that the gut flora plays a role in the immunological, neurological, and metabolic signalling pathways associated with NP. Animal studies have been the primary focus in this area, indicating that an imbalanced-gut microbiome and subsequent activation of biochemical and neuro-immunologic pathways may influence the development of NP. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the gut microbiome-immune-NP axis and identifies potential therapeutic targets. However, since most of the evidence comes from animal studies, future research should include clinical trials to gain a better understanding of the role of gut microbiota in NP and discover new therapeutic strategies.
{"title":"The gut microbiota-neuroimmune crosstalk and neuropathic pain: a scoping review","authors":"G. Nawarathna, K. Fakhruddin, A. Shorbagi, L. Samaranayake","doi":"10.1017/gmb.2023.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gmb.2023.7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Environmental stressors can disrupt the gut–brain relationship and alter the gut microbial composition, potentially leading to chronic pain, including neuropathic pain (NP). To understand this complex relationship, we conducted a systematic scoping review to examine the gut microbial-neuroimmune connection to NP and the potential therapeutic targets. The review includes English-language manuscripts in databases such as MEDLINE, Cochrane, and DOAJ between January 2000 and April 2022. Out of the 48 full texts examined, only 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. These included a randomised controlled trial involving 327 individuals, an in vitro, and 13 animal model studies. The findings suggest that the gut flora plays a role in the immunological, neurological, and metabolic signalling pathways associated with NP. Animal studies have been the primary focus in this area, indicating that an imbalanced-gut microbiome and subsequent activation of biochemical and neuro-immunologic pathways may influence the development of NP. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the gut microbiome-immune-NP axis and identifies potential therapeutic targets. However, since most of the evidence comes from animal studies, future research should include clinical trials to gain a better understanding of the role of gut microbiota in NP and discover new therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":73187,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48871637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a rising global health problem that affects approximately 6% of pregnant women. Lifestyle interventions, particularly diet, and exercise are the first-line treatment, followed by pharmacotherapy, but with associated side effects to both mother and offspring. Modulation of gut microbiota may help prevent or manage GDM. Some gut bacterial groups associated with GDM are also associated with inflammatory biomarkers and gut dysbiosis. Available literature reports that low-glycaemic index diet reduces maternal fasting and 2-hour postprandial glucose and maintains a beneficial gut bacterial composition. Pre- and probiotics can aid GDM therapy by modulating gut microbiota to eubiotic status and improving glucose metabolism. Probiotics as adjuvant GDM therapy should consider bacterial strains, dosage, and treatment duration. Limitations in their use require further studies to develop specific probiotic-based GDM supplement therapy that impacts glycaemic control and inflammatory status by reducing fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance, and improving lipid profiles of pregnant women.
{"title":"Modulation of gut microbiota by diet and probiotics: potential approaches to prevent gestational diabetes mellitus","authors":"M. Cruz, Sarah Azinheiro, S. Pereira","doi":"10.1017/gmb.2023.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gmb.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a rising global health problem that affects approximately 6% of pregnant women. Lifestyle interventions, particularly diet, and exercise are the first-line treatment, followed by pharmacotherapy, but with associated side effects to both mother and offspring. Modulation of gut microbiota may help prevent or manage GDM. Some gut bacterial groups associated with GDM are also associated with inflammatory biomarkers and gut dysbiosis. Available literature reports that low-glycaemic index diet reduces maternal fasting and 2-hour postprandial glucose and maintains a beneficial gut bacterial composition. Pre- and probiotics can aid GDM therapy by modulating gut microbiota to eubiotic status and improving glucose metabolism. Probiotics as adjuvant GDM therapy should consider bacterial strains, dosage, and treatment duration. Limitations in their use require further studies to develop specific probiotic-based GDM supplement therapy that impacts glycaemic control and inflammatory status by reducing fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance, and improving lipid profiles of pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":73187,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47641360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Houghton, O. Shannon, P. Chater, M. Wilcox, J. Pearson, Kyle J. Stanforth, C. Jordan, L. Avery, A. Blain, Abraham Joel, Ruth Jeffers, R. Nolan, A. Nelson, C. Stewart, F. Malcomson
Abstract White kidney bean extract (WKBE) is a nutraceutical often advocated as an anti-obesity agent. The main proposed mechanism for these effects is alpha-amylase inhibition, thereby slowing carbohydrate digestion and absorption. Thus, it is possible that WKBE could impact the gut microbiota and modulate gut health. We investigated the effects of supplementing 20 healthy adults with WKBE for 1 week in a randomised, placebo-controlled crossover trial on the composition of the gut microbiota, gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation (faecal calprotectin), GI symptoms, and stool habits. We conducted in vitro experiments and used a gut model system to explore potential inhibition of alpha-amylase. We gained qualitative insight into participant experiences of using WKBE via focus groups. WKBE supplementation decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and increased that of Firmicutes, however, there were no significant differences in post-intervention gut microbiota measurements between the WKBE and control. There were no significant effects on GI inflammation or symptoms related to constipation, or stool consistency or frequency. Our in vitro and gut model system analyses showed no effects of WKBE on alpha-amylase activity. Our findings suggest that WKBE may modulate the gut microbiota in healthy adults, however, the underlying mechanism is unlikely due to active site inhibition of alpha-amylase.
{"title":"White kidney bean extract as a nutraceutical: effects on gut microbiota, alpha-amylase inhibition, and user experiences","authors":"D. Houghton, O. Shannon, P. Chater, M. Wilcox, J. Pearson, Kyle J. Stanforth, C. Jordan, L. Avery, A. Blain, Abraham Joel, Ruth Jeffers, R. Nolan, A. Nelson, C. Stewart, F. Malcomson","doi":"10.1017/gmb.2023.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gmb.2023.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract White kidney bean extract (WKBE) is a nutraceutical often advocated as an anti-obesity agent. The main proposed mechanism for these effects is alpha-amylase inhibition, thereby slowing carbohydrate digestion and absorption. Thus, it is possible that WKBE could impact the gut microbiota and modulate gut health. We investigated the effects of supplementing 20 healthy adults with WKBE for 1 week in a randomised, placebo-controlled crossover trial on the composition of the gut microbiota, gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation (faecal calprotectin), GI symptoms, and stool habits. We conducted in vitro experiments and used a gut model system to explore potential inhibition of alpha-amylase. We gained qualitative insight into participant experiences of using WKBE via focus groups. WKBE supplementation decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and increased that of Firmicutes, however, there were no significant differences in post-intervention gut microbiota measurements between the WKBE and control. There were no significant effects on GI inflammation or symptoms related to constipation, or stool consistency or frequency. Our in vitro and gut model system analyses showed no effects of WKBE on alpha-amylase activity. Our findings suggest that WKBE may modulate the gut microbiota in healthy adults, however, the underlying mechanism is unlikely due to active site inhibition of alpha-amylase.","PeriodicalId":73187,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49657845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：