Because of social pressures for thinness in women, body image/body satisfaction is often problematic. Although associations between body satisfaction, emotional eating, and changes in both have been proposed, they are not well-understood and might have implications for weight loss treatments. Women participants of a community-based obesity treatment (Mage = 41.4 years) with either high (n = 65) or normal (n = 79) propensities for emotional eating at baseline were measured on body satisfaction, eatingrelated self-regulation, dimensions of negative mood and emotional eating, exercise and eating behaviors, and weight at baseline and Months 3 and 6. The high emotional eating group had significantly higher scores on the negative mood and emotional eating measures, and significantly lower body satisfaction. However, that group demonstrated significantly greater improvements on those measures, and on the intake of fruits/vegetables and sweets, than the normal emotional eating group. Body satisfaction change was significantly predicted by exercise, weight, and eating measure changes, unaffected by group. Changes in body satisfaction significantly predicted changes in emotional eating. However, when changes in self-regulation and the mood measures were entered as sequential mediators, the overall mediation models were significant but not those relationships. Findings will inform obesity treatment targets and improve potentials for reductions in the health risks of participants.
{"title":"Relation of Changes in Body Satisfaction with Propensities for Emotional Eating Within a Community-delivered Obesity Treatment for Women: Theory-based Mediators","authors":"J. Annesi","doi":"10.4148/2572-1836.1113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2572-1836.1113","url":null,"abstract":"Because of social pressures for thinness in women, body image/body satisfaction is often problematic. Although associations between body satisfaction, emotional eating, and changes in both have been proposed, they are not well-understood and might have implications for weight loss treatments. Women participants of a community-based obesity treatment (Mage = 41.4 years) with either high (n = 65) or normal (n = 79) propensities for emotional eating at baseline were measured on body satisfaction, eatingrelated self-regulation, dimensions of negative mood and emotional eating, exercise and eating behaviors, and weight at baseline and Months 3 and 6. The high emotional eating group had significantly higher scores on the negative mood and emotional eating measures, and significantly lower body satisfaction. However, that group demonstrated significantly greater improvements on those measures, and on the intake of fruits/vegetables and sweets, than the normal emotional eating group. Body satisfaction change was significantly predicted by exercise, weight, and eating measure changes, unaffected by group. Changes in body satisfaction significantly predicted changes in emotional eating. However, when changes in self-regulation and the mood measures were entered as sequential mediators, the overall mediation models were significant but not those relationships. Findings will inform obesity treatment targets and improve potentials for reductions in the health risks of participants.","PeriodicalId":73205,"journal":{"name":"Health behavior research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45803073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christine L Hackman, Sarah E Rush Griffin, Paul Branscum, Arden Castle, M. Katague
Bystander Intervention (BI) is an evidence-based approach that is considered the gold standard by governmental organizations to reduce sexual assault in college. Few survey instruments are available to measure the predispositions students have towards engaging in BI. Valid and reliable instruments are greatly needed, especially those tailored to BI. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument based on the reasoned action approach with college students at two U.S. universities. An elicitation of beliefs was accomplished to inform survey items (i.e., behavioral, normative, and control beliefs). Then, an initial draft was developed and sent to an expert panel to establish validity. The final instrument was administered to undergraduate students (n = 291), and further psychometric properties (construct validity and internal consistency reliability) were evaluated. Data were fit into two separate models to evaluate fit. In the first model, a four-factor solution was evaluated (intentions, attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control), and while results were modest, the second sevenfactor solution model contained a better fit (intentions, instrumental and experiential attitudes, injunctive and descriptive norms, capacity, and autonomy). Researchers and practitioners examining BI in college can use this instrument to measure theory-based determinants of BI to reduce sexual assault.
{"title":"Development and Validation of an Instrument Measuring Determinants of Bystander Intervention to Prevent Sexual Assault: An application of the Reasoned Action Approach","authors":"Christine L Hackman, Sarah E Rush Griffin, Paul Branscum, Arden Castle, M. Katague","doi":"10.4148/2572-1836.1114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2572-1836.1114","url":null,"abstract":"Bystander Intervention (BI) is an evidence-based approach that is considered the gold standard by governmental organizations to reduce sexual assault in college. Few survey instruments are available to measure the predispositions students have towards engaging in BI. Valid and reliable instruments are greatly needed, especially those tailored to BI. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument based on the reasoned action approach with college students at two U.S. universities. An elicitation of beliefs was accomplished to inform survey items (i.e., behavioral, normative, and control beliefs). Then, an initial draft was developed and sent to an expert panel to establish validity. The final instrument was administered to undergraduate students (n = 291), and further psychometric properties (construct validity and internal consistency reliability) were evaluated. Data were fit into two separate models to evaluate fit. In the first model, a four-factor solution was evaluated (intentions, attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control), and while results were modest, the second sevenfactor solution model contained a better fit (intentions, instrumental and experiential attitudes, injunctive and descriptive norms, capacity, and autonomy). Researchers and practitioners examining BI in college can use this instrument to measure theory-based determinants of BI to reduce sexual assault.","PeriodicalId":73205,"journal":{"name":"Health behavior research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48477305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breakfast skipping among adolescents in the United States is a public health issue because it has adverse consequences on dietary intake and body mass index. The primary aim of this study is to examine the relationship between grade level and reported breakfast skipping among adolescents and whether it is mediated by dietary autonomy. Analyses were based on self-reported data from Wave I of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States surveyed in 1995. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of grade level and dietary autonomy on adolescents’ reported breakfast skipping. Following MacKinnon and Dwyer, we tested whether the effect of grade level on breakfast skipping was mediated by adolescents’ dietary autonomy. After controlling for sex, race, exercise, parental education, and household income, both grade level (OR = 2.005, 95% CI = 1.684-2.387) and dietary autonomy (OR = 1.435, 95% CI = 1.157-1.780) were each significant predictors of breakfast skipping when tested separately. Mediation analysis showed that dietary autonomy partially mediated the relationship between grade-level and breakfast skipping. Since adolescents in higher grades and those with more dietary autonomy are more likely to skip breakfast, nutritional messages may need to continue beyond the lower grades and emphasize that healthy eating habits can demonstrate autonomy.
{"title":"The Relationship between Grade-Level and Breakfast Skipping among Adolescents: The Mediating Effects of Dietary Autonomy","authors":"Jamil M Lane, S. Sörensen","doi":"10.4148/2572-1836.1105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2572-1836.1105","url":null,"abstract":"Breakfast skipping among adolescents in the United States is a public health issue because it has adverse consequences on dietary intake and body mass index. The primary aim of this study is to examine the relationship between grade level and reported breakfast skipping among adolescents and whether it is mediated by dietary autonomy. Analyses were based on self-reported data from Wave I of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States surveyed in 1995. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of grade level and dietary autonomy on adolescents’ reported breakfast skipping. Following MacKinnon and Dwyer, we tested whether the effect of grade level on breakfast skipping was mediated by adolescents’ dietary autonomy. After controlling for sex, race, exercise, parental education, and household income, both grade level (OR = 2.005, 95% CI = 1.684-2.387) and dietary autonomy (OR = 1.435, 95% CI = 1.157-1.780) were each significant predictors of breakfast skipping when tested separately. Mediation analysis showed that dietary autonomy partially mediated the relationship between grade-level and breakfast skipping. Since adolescents in higher grades and those with more dietary autonomy are more likely to skip breakfast, nutritional messages may need to continue beyond the lower grades and emphasize that healthy eating habits can demonstrate autonomy.","PeriodicalId":73205,"journal":{"name":"Health behavior research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43969091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brooke Y Kauffman, Roman Kotov, Lorra Garey, Camilo J Ruggero, Benjamin J Luft, Michael J Zvolensky
Elevations in body mass index (BMI) among World Trade Center (WTC) responders may be associated with poor mental health outcomes. The current study examined the association of BMI with anxious arousal, depressive, and insomnia symptoms among this group. Participants were 412 WTC responders (89.4% male, Mage = 55.3 years, SD = 8.66) who completed health monitoring assessments (self-report and objective) as part of the Long Island site of the WTC Health Program (LI-WTC-HP). Results suggested BMI was statistically significant only in relation to anxious arousal (sr2 = .02, p = .008), after accounting for age and sex. The current study suggests that weight management programs may aid in promoting additional benefits for WTC responders by reducing anxious arousal symptoms as a function of reduced BMI.
{"title":"The Association Between Body Mass Index and Anxious Arousal, Depressive, and Insomnia Symptoms Among World Trade Center Responders.","authors":"Brooke Y Kauffman, Roman Kotov, Lorra Garey, Camilo J Ruggero, Benjamin J Luft, Michael J Zvolensky","doi":"10.4148/2572-1836.1107","DOIUrl":"10.4148/2572-1836.1107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elevations in body mass index (BMI) among World Trade Center (WTC) responders may be associated with poor mental health outcomes. The current study examined the association of BMI with anxious arousal, depressive, and insomnia symptoms among this group. Participants were 412 WTC responders (89.4% male, <i>M</i><sub><i>age</i></sub> = 55.3 years, <i>SD</i> = 8.66) who completed health monitoring assessments (self-report and objective) as part of the Long Island site of the WTC Health Program (LI-WTC-HP). Results suggested BMI was statistically significant only in relation to anxious arousal (<i>sr</i><sup>2</sup> = .02, <i>p</i> = .008), after accounting for age and sex. The current study suggests that weight management programs may aid in promoting additional benefits for WTC responders by reducing anxious arousal symptoms as a function of reduced BMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":73205,"journal":{"name":"Health behavior research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ed/75/nihms-1854124.PMC10554616.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41159245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kara Manning, Brooke Y Kauffman, Lorra Garey, Michael J Zvolensky
Rates of obesity are continuing to rise, contributing to several negative health outcomes and economic burden. Past work suggests that individuals with greater body mass index (BMI) are more likely to report feeling fatigue and are less likely to follow an exercise regimen, which may lead to weight-related problems. Psychological inflexibility, a rigid thinking style in which individuals attempt to over-control psychological reactions to discomfort, may be an underrecognized explanatory factor underlying greater fatigue and lower rates of exercise among individuals with weight-related concerns. The aim of the current study was to explore the relationship between psychological inflexibility and both exercise self-efficacy and fatigue severity among adults seeking treatment for weight-related behaviors. The current study is a secondary analysis and included 162 treatment-seeking adults who attended a baseline appointment for a larger randomized-controlled trial for weight-related behaviors. Results indicated that greater psychological inflexibility was significantly related to greater fatigue severity and lower exercise self-efficacy. These results provide initial empirical evidence that psychological inflexibility may be an important individual difference factor in terms of fatigue and exercise beliefs among adults seeking treatment for weight-related behaviors.
{"title":"Associations of Psychological Inflexibility with Exercise Self-Efficacy and Fatigue Severity among Individuals Seeking Treatment for Weight-Related Behaviors.","authors":"Kara Manning, Brooke Y Kauffman, Lorra Garey, Michael J Zvolensky","doi":"10.4148/2572-1836.1155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2572-1836.1155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rates of obesity are continuing to rise, contributing to several negative health outcomes and economic burden. Past work suggests that individuals with greater body mass index (BMI) are more likely to report feeling fatigue and are less likely to follow an exercise regimen, which may lead to weight-related problems. Psychological inflexibility, a rigid thinking style in which individuals attempt to over-control psychological reactions to discomfort, may be an underrecognized explanatory factor underlying greater fatigue and lower rates of exercise among individuals with weight-related concerns. The aim of the current study was to explore the relationship between psychological inflexibility and both exercise self-efficacy and fatigue severity among adults seeking treatment for weight-related behaviors. The current study is a secondary analysis and included 162 treatment-seeking adults who attended a baseline appointment for a larger randomized-controlled trial for weight-related behaviors. Results indicated that greater psychological inflexibility was significantly related to greater fatigue severity and lower exercise self-efficacy. These results provide initial empirical evidence that psychological inflexibility may be an important individual difference factor in terms of fatigue and exercise beliefs among adults seeking treatment for weight-related behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":73205,"journal":{"name":"Health behavior research","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10544826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41161520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mary Hrywna, Christopher Ackerman, Cristine D Delnevo
Despite rapid diffusion of Tobacco 21 (T21) laws in the last several years, research examining T21 compliance remains limited. This pilot study examined retailer compliance with carding before and after T21 as well as sales violations after T21 in New Jersey. A 19-year-old buyer made alternating cigar and cigarette purchase attempts in 15 licensed tobacco retailers weekly for five weeks before and 10 weeks following the T21 effective date for a total of 222 visits. We analyzed carding pre and post T21 and sales violations post T21, by store and product type. Failure to card declined post T21 (81.3% to 69.4%), particularly for cigarettes, but not cigars. Overall, 63.3% of retailers sold tobacco to the underage buyer post T21. Following New Jersey's T21 law, compliance with carding improved, but underage sales persisted. Future research examining T21 compliance should consider using a familiarity protocol to mimic real word conditions.
{"title":"A Pilot Study to Examine Retailer Compliance Before and After Tobacco 21 in New Jersey.","authors":"Mary Hrywna, Christopher Ackerman, Cristine D Delnevo","doi":"10.4148/2572-1836.1117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2572-1836.1117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite rapid diffusion of Tobacco 21 (T21) laws in the last several years, research examining T21 compliance remains limited. This pilot study examined retailer compliance with carding before and after T21 as well as sales violations after T21 in New Jersey. A 19-year-old buyer made alternating cigar and cigarette purchase attempts in 15 licensed tobacco retailers weekly for five weeks before and 10 weeks following the T21 effective date for a total of 222 visits. We analyzed carding pre and post T21 and sales violations post T21, by store and product type. Failure to card declined post T21 (81.3% to 69.4%), particularly for cigarettes, but not cigars. Overall, 63.3% of retailers sold tobacco to the underage buyer post T21. Following New Jersey's T21 law, compliance with carding improved, but underage sales persisted. Future research examining T21 compliance should consider using a familiarity protocol to mimic real word conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73205,"journal":{"name":"Health behavior research","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9645773/pdf/nihms-1818706.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40465626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The American Academy of Health Behavior (AAHB) hosted it's 21th Annual Scientific Meeting online in March 2021. The meeting's theme was "Transforming the Narrative to Meet Emerging Health Behavior Challenges". This publication describes the meeting theme and includes the refereed abstracts presented at the 2021 Annual Scientific Meeting.
{"title":"The American Academy of Health Behavior 2021 Annual Scientific Meeting: \"Transforming the Narrative to Meet Emerging Health Behavior Challenges\"","authors":"L. Ann","doi":"10.4148/2572-1836.1121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2572-1836.1121","url":null,"abstract":"The American Academy of Health Behavior (AAHB) hosted it's 21th Annual Scientific Meeting online in March 2021. The meeting's theme was \"Transforming the Narrative to Meet Emerging Health Behavior Challenges\". This publication describes the meeting theme and includes the refereed abstracts presented at the 2021 Annual Scientific Meeting.","PeriodicalId":73205,"journal":{"name":"Health behavior research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47121346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jordan L. Nelon, Mandy N. Spadine, Meg Patterson, Sydney E. Brown, Christina L Bookout, Lauren M. Woods, Sara K. Fehr
Abstract The ‘me too’ movement originated to help survivors of sexual violence by providing resources and building a community of advocates to exemplify the magnitude of sexual violence victimization. This movement gained momentum via Twitter due to the viral hashtag—#metoo. YouTube is often used as a means of expression in younger generations, thus sexual violence survivors began using the platform as a way to disseminate ‘me too’ narratives. Therefore, this study aimed to examine how sexual violence narratives resulting from the ‘me too’ movement are being told on YouTube and understand the components of the narratives related to self-blaming mindsets. Based on predetermined search criteria, researchers identified and screened YouTube videos of people sharing ‘me too’ narratives, and developed themes and codes (e.g., type of violence, perpetrator characteristics). Descriptive statistics and a logistic regression were conducted using demographic, experience, and attitudinal data to predict self-blaming mindsets. Sixty-two YouTube videos were included, consisting of 96 individual ‘me too’ stories. The sample was mostly female, and perpetrators were predominately strangers. The model explained 19.3% of the variance in self-blaming attitudes. Odds of self-blaming rose 4.589 times for those who experienced sexual harassment, and 6.109 times for those who experienced rape. If the perpetrator was not mentioned in the video, odds of self-blaming dropped by 89.4%. This study suggests self-blaming beliefs are prominent among victims, even when they have the space to share their story. Overall, our findings support the continued need for further education and support for victims. Abstract The ‘me too’ movement originated to help survivors of sexual violence by providing resources and building a community of advocates to exemplify the magnitude of sexual violence victimization. This movement gained momentum via Twitter due to the viral hashtag—#metoo. YouTube is often used as a means of expression in younger generations, thus sexual violence survivors began using the platform as a way to disseminate ‘me too’ narratives. Therefore, this study aimed to examine how sexual violence narratives resulting from the ‘me too’ movement are being told on YouTube and understand the components of the narratives related to self-blaming mindsets. Based on predetermined search criteria, researchers identified and screened YouTube videos of people sharing ‘me too’ narratives, and developed themes and codes (e.g., type of violence, perpetrator characteristics). Descriptive statistics and a logistic regression were conducted using demographic, experience, and attitudinal data to predict self-blaming mindsets. Sixty-two YouTube videos were included, consisting of 96 individual ‘me too’ stories. The sample was mostly female, and perpetrators were predominately strangers. The model explained 19.3% of the variance in self-blaming attitudes. Odds of self-blaming rose 4.589 times f
{"title":"An Observational Analysis of ‘Me Too’ Narratives from YouTube","authors":"Jordan L. Nelon, Mandy N. Spadine, Meg Patterson, Sydney E. Brown, Christina L Bookout, Lauren M. Woods, Sara K. Fehr","doi":"10.4148/2572-1836.1088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2572-1836.1088","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ‘me too’ movement originated to help survivors of sexual violence by providing resources and building a community of advocates to exemplify the magnitude of sexual violence victimization. This movement gained momentum via Twitter due to the viral hashtag—#metoo. YouTube is often used as a means of expression in younger generations, thus sexual violence survivors began using the platform as a way to disseminate ‘me too’ narratives. Therefore, this study aimed to examine how sexual violence narratives resulting from the ‘me too’ movement are being told on YouTube and understand the components of the narratives related to self-blaming mindsets. Based on predetermined search criteria, researchers identified and screened YouTube videos of people sharing ‘me too’ narratives, and developed themes and codes (e.g., type of violence, perpetrator characteristics). Descriptive statistics and a logistic regression were conducted using demographic, experience, and attitudinal data to predict self-blaming mindsets. Sixty-two YouTube videos were included, consisting of 96 individual ‘me too’ stories. The sample was mostly female, and perpetrators were predominately strangers. The model explained 19.3% of the variance in self-blaming attitudes. Odds of self-blaming rose 4.589 times for those who experienced sexual harassment, and 6.109 times for those who experienced rape. If the perpetrator was not mentioned in the video, odds of self-blaming dropped by 89.4%. This study suggests self-blaming beliefs are prominent among victims, even when they have the space to share their story. Overall, our findings support the continued need for further education and support for victims. Abstract The ‘me too’ movement originated to help survivors of sexual violence by providing resources and building a community of advocates to exemplify the magnitude of sexual violence victimization. This movement gained momentum via Twitter due to the viral hashtag—#metoo. YouTube is often used as a means of expression in younger generations, thus sexual violence survivors began using the platform as a way to disseminate ‘me too’ narratives. Therefore, this study aimed to examine how sexual violence narratives resulting from the ‘me too’ movement are being told on YouTube and understand the components of the narratives related to self-blaming mindsets. Based on predetermined search criteria, researchers identified and screened YouTube videos of people sharing ‘me too’ narratives, and developed themes and codes (e.g., type of violence, perpetrator characteristics). Descriptive statistics and a logistic regression were conducted using demographic, experience, and attitudinal data to predict self-blaming mindsets. Sixty-two YouTube videos were included, consisting of 96 individual ‘me too’ stories. The sample was mostly female, and perpetrators were predominately strangers. The model explained 19.3% of the variance in self-blaming attitudes. Odds of self-blaming rose 4.589 times f","PeriodicalId":73205,"journal":{"name":"Health behavior research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49204693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reliance on social media for health information is widespread, yet impacts of social media use (SMU) on health behaviors during infectious disease pandemics are poorly understood. We used a random sample from a university student directory to invite students to take a cross-sectional online survey during the coronavirus pandemic. Survey questions assessed adherence to public health guidelines, knowledge of COVID-19/SARS-CoV2, and mental health symptoms. Students were classified based on their level of SMU for information on COVID-19 as: (1) none, (2) some use, or (3) main source. Weighted regressions were used to relate SMU to adherence (five-point scale) and knowledge (six-point scale), with higher scores representing higher adherence/knowledge, and to mental health (PHQ-8 and GAD-7 scales). The weighted prevalence of SMU for COVD-19 information was 71.3%, and 17.1% of students identified SMU as their main source of COVID-19 information (total N = 181). Mean adherence ranged from 3.71±0.17 (SEM) for none, to 3.94±0.14 (SEM) for main source, and differences were not statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Knowledge scores decreased from 5.44±0.11 (SEM) for none, to 5.38±0.08 for some, and 5.23±0.16 for main source (p = 0.056). The weighted prevalence of depression was 38.7%, 43.1%, and 51.9% for none, some use, and main source; weighted prevalence of anxiety was 19.7%, 27.0%, and 36.7%, respectively. Effects of SMU for information during pandemics on health behavior merits further research, especially regarding adherence to public health guidelines. In the case of COVID-19, SMU may be negatively correlated with knowledge and mental health.
{"title":"Social Media Use and COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study Examining Health Behaviors, Knowledge, and Mental Health Among University of Nevada, Reno Students","authors":"Molly M. Hagen, S. Hartzell, Paul G. Devereux","doi":"10.4148/2572-1836.1100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2572-1836.1100","url":null,"abstract":"Reliance on social media for health information is widespread, yet impacts of social media use (SMU) on health behaviors during infectious disease pandemics are poorly understood. We used a random sample from a university student directory to invite students to take a cross-sectional online survey during the coronavirus pandemic. Survey questions assessed adherence to public health guidelines, knowledge of COVID-19/SARS-CoV2, and mental health symptoms. Students were classified based on their level of SMU for information on COVID-19 as: (1) none, (2) some use, or (3) main source. Weighted regressions were used to relate SMU to adherence (five-point scale) and knowledge (six-point scale), with higher scores representing higher adherence/knowledge, and to mental health (PHQ-8 and GAD-7 scales). The weighted prevalence of SMU for COVD-19 information was 71.3%, and 17.1% of students identified SMU as their main source of COVID-19 information (total N = 181). Mean adherence ranged from 3.71±0.17 (SEM) for none, to 3.94±0.14 (SEM) for main source, and differences were not statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Knowledge scores decreased from 5.44±0.11 (SEM) for none, to 5.38±0.08 for some, and 5.23±0.16 for main source (p = 0.056). The weighted prevalence of depression was 38.7%, 43.1%, and 51.9% for none, some use, and main source; weighted prevalence of anxiety was 19.7%, 27.0%, and 36.7%, respectively. Effects of SMU for information during pandemics on health behavior merits further research, especially regarding adherence to public health guidelines. In the case of COVID-19, SMU may be negatively correlated with knowledge and mental health.","PeriodicalId":73205,"journal":{"name":"Health behavior research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41816054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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