Health behavior research最新文献

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The American Academy of Health Behavior 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting: "The Science of Health Behaviors in Times of Crises" 美国健康行为学会2022年年度科学会议:“危机时期健康行为的科学”

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1159

E. Thompson, Sharice M. Preston, Jenny K. R. Francis, Serena A. Rodriquez, S. Pruitt, J. Blackwell, Jasmin A. Tiro, Midhat Z. Jafry, A. Tzuan, Chen, Michael, S., Businelle, Darla, E., Kendzor, Lorraine R. Reitzel

The American Academy of Health Behavior (AAHB) hosted its 22nd Annual Scientific Meeting at the Baker's Cay Resort in Key Largo, FL March 13-16, 2022. The meeting's theme was "The Science of Health Behaviors in Times of Crises". This publication describes the meeting theme and includes the refereed abstracts presented at the 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting.s presented at the 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting.

美国健康行为学会(AAHB)于2022年3月13日至16日在佛罗里达州基拉戈的贝克湾度假村举办了第22届年度科学会议。会议的主题是“危机时期健康行为的科学”。该出版物描述了会议主题，并包括在2022年年度科学会议上提交的经审阅的摘要。该报告将在2022年年度科学会议上发表。

引用次数: 0

Beliefs about Staying Home: Findings from a Nationally Representative Probability Sample of U.S. Adults in the Early Days of the COVID-19 Epidemic 关于呆在家里的信念:2019冠状病毒病流行初期美国成年人全国代表性概率样本的调查结果

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1118

Christopher Owens, S. Middlestadt, S. Dickinson, Kristina Hunter-Mullis, J. Macy

Understanding the beliefs about staying home is essential to inform stay-at-home policies to mitigate COVID-19 and future epidemics. This study (1) identified the salient advantages, disadvantages, and facilitating beliefs about staying home, and (2) examined the relationship between these beliefs and intention. U.S. adults from a nationally representative probability-based household panel completed an online reasoned action approach belief elicitation from April 10-20, 2020, about one month after stay-athome guidelines were implemented. First, we conducted an inductive content analysis to reveal salient beliefs about staying home. We identified eight advantages, 12 disadvantages, and 12 facilitators that broadly spanned across health domains: individual, population, interpersonal, occupational, financial, and leisure health. Then, we conducted three regression analyses, one for each of the three sets of beliefs, predicting intention to stay home for the next month from worker status and belief mentioned. In these regression analyses, four advantages, four disadvantages, and four facilitators made independent contributions to explaining intention. The breadth of the elicited beliefs suggests that COVID-19 is perceived to have impacted many dimensions of our lives, and that interventions need to be just as broad. Communication and educational interventions could help people understand the benefits of staying home to themselves, to their families, and to the wider community. Programs that keep essential supplies available could help people stay home. Structural interventions with financial safety nets and policies that help people stay employed during an epidemic might address people’s concerns about the impact of staying home on their financial and occupational health.

了解关于呆在家里的信念对于制定缓解新冠肺炎和未来流行病的居家政策至关重要。这项研究（1）确定了关于呆在家里的显著优势、劣势和促进信念，（2）检验了这些信念与意图之间的关系。2020年4月10日至20日，在居家指南实施约一个月后，来自一个具有全国代表性的基于概率的家庭小组的美国成年人完成了一项在线推理行动方法信念启发。首先，我们进行了归纳内容分析，以揭示关于呆在家里的显著信念。我们确定了8个优势、12个劣势和12个促进因素，这些因素广泛涉及健康领域：个人、人口、人际、职业、财务和休闲健康。然后，我们进行了三次回归分析，三组信念各一次，根据提到的工人状态和信念预测下个月留在家里的意愿。在这些回归分析中，四个优点、四个缺点和四个促进者对解释意图做出了独立贡献。引发的信念的广度表明，新冠肺炎被认为影响了我们生活的许多方面，干预措施也需要同样广泛。沟通和教育干预可以帮助人们了解呆在家里对自己、家人和更广泛的社区的好处。提供必需品的项目可以帮助人们呆在家里。通过金融安全网和帮助人们在疫情期间保持就业的政策进行结构性干预，可能会解决人们对呆在家里对财务和职业健康影响的担忧。

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引用次数: 0

Patterns and predictors of smoking by race and medical diagnosis during hospital admission: A latent class analysis 住院期间因种族和医学诊断而吸烟的模式和预测因素:潜在分类分析

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1129

Amanda M. Palmer, B. Toll, Georges J. Nahhas, Kayla Haire, Brandon T. Sanford, K. Cummings, A. Rojewski

Hospital-based tobacco treatment programs provide tobacco cessation for a diverse array of admitted patients. Person-centered approaches to classifying subgroups of individuals within large datasets are useful for evaluating the characteristics of the sample. This study categorized patients who received tobacco treatment while hospitalized and determined whether demographics and smoking-related health conditions were associated with group membership. Chart review data was obtained from 4854 patients admitted to a large hospital in South Carolina, USA, from July 2014 through December 2019 who completed a tobacco treatment visit. Smoking characteristics obtained from the visit interview were dichotomized, and then latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to categorize patients based on smoking history and interest in stopping smoking. Finally, logistic regressions were used to evaluate demographics and smoking-related health conditions as predictors of class membership. LCA generated 5 classes of patients, differentiated by heaviness of smoking and motivation to quit. Patients who were black/African American were more likely to be lighter smokers compared to white patients. Hospitalized patients with a history of hypertension, diabetes, and congestive heart failure were more likely to be motivated to quit and also were more likely to be lighter smokers at the time of hospitalization. Hospitalized patients who smoke and receive tobacco treatment are heterogeneous in terms of their smoking histories and motivation to quit. Understanding latent categories of patients provides insight for tailoring interventions and potentially improving tobacco treatment outcomes.

以医院为基础的烟草治疗项目为各种各样的入院患者提供戒烟服务。以人为中心的方法对大型数据集中的个体亚组进行分类，有助于评估样本的特征。这项研究对住院期间接受烟草治疗的患者进行了分类，并确定了人口统计学和吸烟相关的健康状况是否与群体成员有关。图表审查数据来自2014年7月至2019年12月美国南卡罗来纳州一家大型医院收治的4854名完成烟草治疗就诊的患者。将访视访谈中获得的吸烟特征进行二分，然后进行潜在类别分析（LCA），根据吸烟史和戒烟兴趣对患者进行分类。最后，使用逻辑回归来评估人口统计学和吸烟相关的健康状况，作为阶级成员的预测因素。LCA产生了5类患者，根据吸烟的严重程度和戒烟的动机进行区分。与白人患者相比，黑人/非裔美国人患者的吸烟者更轻。有高血压、糖尿病和充血性心力衰竭病史的住院患者更有可能戒烟，住院时吸烟者也更轻。在吸烟史和戒烟动机方面，吸烟和接受烟草治疗的住院患者是异质的。了解潜在的患者类别为制定干预措施和潜在改善烟草治疗结果提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Do impulsivity and biological sex moderate associations between alcohol-related sexual willingness and behavior among young adults? 冲动和生理性别是否缓和了年轻人与酒精有关的性意愿和行为之间的关联?

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1122

C. LoParco, Zheng-ta Zhou, D. Litt, Melissa A. Lewis

This study examined three-way interactions between baseline levels of willingness to engage in alcoholrelated sexual behaviors, facets of impulsivity (i.e., urgency, lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking) and biological sex on alcohol-related sexual behaviors 6 months later. Participants were a sample of highrisk 18–25 year olds (N = 321, mean age 22.44) from a larger randomized controlled trial with eligibility criteria including engaging in unprotected sexual behavior after drinking alcohol within the past month at baseline. Results indicated females reporting high urgency and willingness levels were the most likely to engage in alcohol-related sex and to use a condom/dental dam after drinking. Males reporting low urgency levels and high sensation seeking and willingness levels engaged in more alcohol-related sex compared to females. Interventions to decrease alcohol-related sexual behavior by reducing willingness could incorporate sex-specific and impulsivity-related content, particularly related to urgency.

这项研究考察了6个月后与酒精相关的性行为的基线意愿水平、冲动方面（即紧迫性、缺乏预谋和寻求感觉）和生物性行为之间的三方相互作用。参与者是来自一项大型随机对照试验的18-25岁高危人群样本（N=321，平均年龄22.44），其资格标准包括在过去一个月内基线饮酒后进行无保护的性行为。结果表明，报告具有高度紧迫感和意愿的女性最有可能进行与酒精相关的性行为，并在饮酒后使用避孕套/牙坝。报告称，与女性相比，男性的紧迫感水平较低，寻求感觉和意愿水平较高，与酒精相关的性行为较多。通过降低意愿来减少与酒精相关的性行为的干预措施可能包含特定性别和冲动相关的内容，尤其是与紧迫感相关的内容。

引用次数: 0

Home Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Neighborhood Support and Safety among U.S. School-aged Children. 美国学龄儿童的家庭烟草烟雾暴露与社区支持与安全

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1140

E Melinda Mahabee-Gittens, Rebecca A Vidourek, Keith A King, Ashley L Merianos

Children who are socioeconomically disadvantaged face a myriad of environmental hardships in the neighborhoods in which they live. This study examined the associations between home tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and neighborhood support, neighborhood safety, and school safety among U.S. school-aged children. Children ages 6-11 years were included in this secondary analysis of 2018-2019 National Survey of Children's Health data (N = 17,300). Children's home TSE status was categorized into three levels: (1) no TSE: Child did not live with a smoker; (2) Outside TSE only: Child lived with a smoker who did not smoke inside the home; and (3) Inside TSE: Child lived with a smoker who smoked inside the home. Parent-reported measures of perceived neighborhood support, and neighborhood and school safety were examined; covariates included the child's age, sex, and race/ethnicity; the parent's education; the family's household structure, and federal poverty level. Weighted logistic and ordinal regression models were built adjusting for the covariates. In total, 13.2% of children had outside TSE and 1.7% of children had inside TSE. Multivariable logistic regression model results indicated that children with outside TSE were at decreased odds (AOR = 0.79, 95%CI = 0.65-0.96) of living in a supportive neighborhood compared to children with no TSE. Ordinal regression model results indicated that children with outside TSE (AOR = 0.77, 95%CI = 0.61-0.97) and children with inside TSE were at decreased odds (AOR = 0.62, 95%CI = 0.39-0.99) of going to a school that was perceived as safe. Community-level programs, policies, and funding are needed to improve neighborhood characteristics among children with TSE to improve their future health outcomes.

社会经济处境不利的儿童在其生活的社区面临着无数的环境困难。本研究考察了美国学龄儿童的家庭烟草烟雾暴露（TSE）与邻里支持、邻里安全和学校安全之间的关联。这项对2018-2019年全国儿童健康调查数据（N = 17,300）的二次分析纳入了6-11岁的儿童。儿童的家庭TSE状况分为三个等级：（1）无TSE：儿童没有与吸烟者生活在一起；（2）仅有外部TSE：儿童与吸烟者同住，但不在室内吸烟；(3) 室内 TSE：儿童与吸烟者同住，但在室内吸烟。对家长报告的邻里支持感、邻里安全和学校安全进行了研究；协变量包括儿童的年龄、性别、种族/民族；家长的教育程度；家庭结构以及联邦贫困水平。根据协变量建立了加权逻辑和序数回归模型。共有 13.2% 的儿童患有室外 TSE，1.7% 的儿童患有室内 TSE。多变量逻辑回归模型结果表明，与没有 TSE 的儿童相比，患有室外 TSE 的儿童居住在支持性社区的几率降低（AOR = 0.79，95%CI = 0.65-0.96）。正序回归模型结果显示，患有室外 TSE 的儿童（AOR = 0.77，95%CI = 0.61-0.97）和患有室内 TSE 的儿童进入被认为安全的学校的几率降低（AOR = 0.62，95%CI = 0.39-0.99）。需要社区层面的计划、政策和资金来改善TSE儿童的社区特征，以改善他们未来的健康状况。

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引用次数: 0

Relation of Changes in Body Satisfaction with Propensities for Emotional Eating Within a Community-delivered Obesity Treatment for Women: Theory-based Mediators 在社区提供的女性肥胖治疗中，身体满意度变化与情绪饮食倾向的关系:基于理论的中介

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1113

J. Annesi

Because of social pressures for thinness in women, body image/body satisfaction is often problematic. Although associations between body satisfaction, emotional eating, and changes in both have been proposed, they are not well-understood and might have implications for weight loss treatments. Women participants of a community-based obesity treatment (Mage = 41.4 years) with either high (n = 65) or normal (n = 79) propensities for emotional eating at baseline were measured on body satisfaction, eatingrelated self-regulation, dimensions of negative mood and emotional eating, exercise and eating behaviors, and weight at baseline and Months 3 and 6. The high emotional eating group had significantly higher scores on the negative mood and emotional eating measures, and significantly lower body satisfaction. However, that group demonstrated significantly greater improvements on those measures, and on the intake of fruits/vegetables and sweets, than the normal emotional eating group. Body satisfaction change was significantly predicted by exercise, weight, and eating measure changes, unaffected by group. Changes in body satisfaction significantly predicted changes in emotional eating. However, when changes in self-regulation and the mood measures were entered as sequential mediators, the overall mediation models were significant but not those relationships. Findings will inform obesity treatment targets and improve potentials for reductions in the health risks of participants.

由于女性瘦的社会压力，身体形象/身体满意度经常是有问题的。虽然已经提出了身体满意度、情绪性饮食和两者变化之间的联系，但它们并没有得到很好的理解，可能对减肥治疗有影响。基线时情绪性饮食倾向高(n = 65)或正常(n = 79)的社区肥胖治疗女性参与者(年龄= 41.4岁)在身体满意度、饮食相关自我调节、负面情绪和情绪性饮食的维度、运动和饮食行为以及基线和第3个月和第6个月的体重方面进行了测量。高情绪饮食组在消极情绪和情绪饮食方面得分明显较高，身体满意度明显较低。然而，与正常的情绪化进食组相比，这一组在这些指标以及水果/蔬菜和糖果摄入量方面表现出了更大的改善。身体满意度的变化与运动、体重和饮食测量的变化有显著的关系，不受组的影响。身体满意度的变化显著预测了情绪化进食的变化。然而，当自我调节和情绪测量的变化作为顺序中介时，整体中介模型显着而不显着。研究结果将为肥胖治疗目标提供信息，并提高降低参与者健康风险的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Presidential Note: Celebrating the Academy 总统笔记:庆祝学院

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1135

Katie M Heinrich

引用次数: 0

Development and Validation of an Instrument Measuring Determinants of Bystander Intervention to Prevent Sexual Assault: An application of the Reasoned Action Approach 衡量旁观者干预预防性侵犯决定因素的工具的开发和验证：理性行动法的应用

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1114

Christine L Hackman, Sarah E Rush Griffin, Paul Branscum, Arden Castle, M. Katague

Bystander Intervention (BI) is an evidence-based approach that is considered the gold standard by governmental organizations to reduce sexual assault in college. Few survey instruments are available to measure the predispositions students have towards engaging in BI. Valid and reliable instruments are greatly needed, especially those tailored to BI. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument based on the reasoned action approach with college students at two U.S. universities. An elicitation of beliefs was accomplished to inform survey items (i.e., behavioral, normative, and control beliefs). Then, an initial draft was developed and sent to an expert panel to establish validity. The final instrument was administered to undergraduate students (n = 291), and further psychometric properties (construct validity and internal consistency reliability) were evaluated. Data were fit into two separate models to evaluate fit. In the first model, a four-factor solution was evaluated (intentions, attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control), and while results were modest, the second sevenfactor solution model contained a better fit (intentions, instrumental and experiential attitudes, injunctive and descriptive norms, capacity, and autonomy). Researchers and practitioners examining BI in college can use this instrument to measure theory-based determinants of BI to reduce sexual assault.

旁观者干预（BI）是一种基于证据的方法，被政府组织视为减少大学性侵的黄金标准。很少有调查工具可以用来衡量学生参与BI的倾向。非常需要有效可靠的工具，尤其是那些适合BI的工具。本研究的目的是在美国两所大学的大学生中开发和验证一种基于理性行动方法的工具。完成了信念的启发，以告知调查项目（即行为、规范和控制信念）。然后，制定了一份初稿，并将其发送给一个专家小组，以确定其有效性。对本科生（n=291）进行了最后的测试，并对进一步的心理测量特性（结构有效性和内部一致性可靠性）进行了评估。将数据拟合到两个独立的模型中以评估拟合度。在第一个模型中，评估了四因素解决方案（意图、态度、感知规范和感知行为控制），虽然结果不多，但第二个七因素解决方案模型包含更好的拟合（意图、工具和经验态度、禁令和描述性规范、能力和自主性）。在大学里检查BI的研究人员和从业者可以使用这一工具来衡量BI的基于理论的决定因素，以减少性侵犯。

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引用次数: 0

The Relationship between Grade-Level and Breakfast Skipping among Adolescents: The Mediating Effects of Dietary Autonomy 青少年年级水平与不吃早餐的关系：饮食自主性的中介作用

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1105

Jamil M Lane, S. Sörensen

Breakfast skipping among adolescents in the United States is a public health issue because it has adverse consequences on dietary intake and body mass index. The primary aim of this study is to examine the relationship between grade level and reported breakfast skipping among adolescents and whether it is mediated by dietary autonomy. Analyses were based on self-reported data from Wave I of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States surveyed in 1995. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of grade level and dietary autonomy on adolescents’ reported breakfast skipping. Following MacKinnon and Dwyer, we tested whether the effect of grade level on breakfast skipping was mediated by adolescents’ dietary autonomy. After controlling for sex, race, exercise, parental education, and household income, both grade level (OR = 2.005, 95% CI = 1.684-2.387) and dietary autonomy (OR = 1.435, 95% CI = 1.157-1.780) were each significant predictors of breakfast skipping when tested separately. Mediation analysis showed that dietary autonomy partially mediated the relationship between grade-level and breakfast skipping. Since adolescents in higher grades and those with more dietary autonomy are more likely to skip breakfast, nutritional messages may need to continue beyond the lower grades and emphasize that healthy eating habits can demonstrate autonomy.

在美国，青少年不吃早餐是一个公共卫生问题，因为它会对饮食摄入和体重指数产生不利影响。这项研究的主要目的是检验青少年的年级水平和报告的不吃早餐之间的关系，以及它是否由饮食自主性介导。分析基于国家青少年健康纵向研究第一波的自我报告数据，该研究是1995年调查的一个具有全国代表性的美国青少年样本。采用Logistic回归分析来评估年级水平和饮食自主性对青少年不吃早餐的影响。继MacKinnon和Dwyer之后，我们测试了年级水平对不吃早餐的影响是否由青少年的饮食自主性介导。在控制了性别、种族、锻炼、父母教育和家庭收入后，单独测试时，年级水平（OR=2.05，95%CI=1.684-2.387）和饮食自主性（OR=1.435，95%CI=1.157-1.780）都是不吃早餐的显著预测因素。中介分析表明，饮食自主性在一定程度上介导了年级水平与不吃早餐之间的关系。由于高年级和饮食自主性更强的青少年更有可能不吃早餐，营养信息可能需要在低年级之后继续，并强调健康的饮食习惯可以表现出自主性。

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引用次数: 0

The Association Between Body Mass Index and Anxious Arousal, Depressive, and Insomnia Symptoms Among World Trade Center Responders. 体重指数与世贸中心受访者焦虑、抑郁和失眠症状之间的关系。

Health behavior research

Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1107

Brooke Y Kauffman, Roman Kotov, Lorra Garey, Camilo J Ruggero, Benjamin J Luft, Michael J Zvolensky

Elevations in body mass index (BMI) among World Trade Center (WTC) responders may be associated with poor mental health outcomes. The current study examined the association of BMI with anxious arousal, depressive, and insomnia symptoms among this group. Participants were 412 WTC responders (89.4% male, M_age = 55.3 years, SD = 8.66) who completed health monitoring assessments (self-report and objective) as part of the Long Island site of the WTC Health Program (LI-WTC-HP). Results suggested BMI was statistically significant only in relation to anxious arousal (sr² = .02, p = .008), after accounting for age and sex. The current study suggests that weight management programs may aid in promoting additional benefits for WTC responders by reducing anxious arousal symptoms as a function of reduced BMI.

世界贸易中心（WTC）响应者的体重指数（BMI）升高可能与不良的心理健康结果有关。目前的研究调查了这一群体中BMI与焦虑、抑郁和失眠症状的关系。参与者是412名WTC响应者（89.4%男性，Mage=55.3岁，SD=8.66），他们完成了健康监测评估（自我报告和目标），作为WTC健康计划（LI-WTC-HP）长岛站点的一部分。结果表明，在考虑了年龄和性别后，BMI仅与焦虑唤醒有关（sr2=.02，p=.008），具有统计学意义。目前的研究表明，体重管理计划可能有助于通过减少BMI降低引起的焦虑唤醒症状，为WTC反应者带来额外的好处。

引用次数: 0

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