Pub Date : 2009-08-15DOI: 10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02303.X
Christian Bender Koch
A modified method for evaluation of human neutrophil granulocyte function in vitro, based upon the combined determination of total and intracellular surviving bacteria in a reaction system of leucocytes and Staphylococcus aureus, is described. Analysis of the system reveals a close relationship between the processes of ingestion and intraleucocytic killing on a functional level, and points towards dependence of intraleucocytic killing rate upon the rate of ingestion. Defects in intraleucocytic killing are disclosed readily by an increase in the number of surviving intracellular bacteria which will not be caused by increased ingestion under normal conditions. Greatly impaired ingestion will cause an increase in total surviving bacteria with a near normal number of intracellular surviving bacteria. On the basis of these studies it can be concluded that this type of method is particularly suitable for the detection of defects in intraleucocytic killing whereas defects in ingestion are less readily disclosed.
{"title":"Neutrophil granulocyte function in vitro. Evaluation of a fluid-phase leucocyte-bacteria reaction system.","authors":"Christian Bender Koch","doi":"10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02303.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02303.X","url":null,"abstract":"A modified method for evaluation of human neutrophil granulocyte function in vitro, based upon the combined determination of total and intracellular surviving bacteria in a reaction system of leucocytes and Staphylococcus aureus, is described. Analysis of the system reveals a close relationship between the processes of ingestion and intraleucocytic killing on a functional level, and points towards dependence of intraleucocytic killing rate upon the rate of ingestion. Defects in intraleucocytic killing are disclosed readily by an increase in the number of surviving intracellular bacteria which will not be caused by increased ingestion under normal conditions. Greatly impaired ingestion will cause an increase in total surviving bacteria with a near normal number of intracellular surviving bacteria. On the basis of these studies it can be concluded that this type of method is particularly suitable for the detection of defects in intraleucocytic killing whereas defects in ingestion are less readily disclosed.","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"24 1","pages":"127-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84557242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-15DOI: 10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02285.X
E. Korpinen, M. Kurkinen, M. Nummi, T. Enari
{"title":"Studies on Stachybotrys alternans. 3. Chromatographic separation and tissue culture toxicity test of Stachybotrys toxins.","authors":"E. Korpinen, M. Kurkinen, M. Nummi, T. Enari","doi":"10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02285.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02285.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"23 1","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81856788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-15DOI: 10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04292.X
Björn Blotii
Simple methods for the purification of secretory and high-polymer serum IgA are described. Gel filtration on exceptionally tall agarose columns was an essential step in these purification procedures. The presence of s-IgA-albumin complexes was noted in some colostrum samples. These complexes could be dissociated by mild reduction. Colostral IgA and high-polymer serum IgA from individuals vaccinated with poliovirus contained virus-neutralizing antibodies in modest titres. The ultrastructure of secretory IgA resembled a wishbone and the mean dimensions of the molecule were approximately 125 A x 30 A. The ultrastructural findings are compatible with a molecular model in which two IgA monomers are superimposed upon each other in a close-packed state with the secretory piece inserted in the constant region of the α-chains. The high-polymer serum IgA studied was made up of four filamentous structures joined at a central point. The total span of the molecule was approximately 100 A and the dimensions of subunits protruding from the centre were 50 to 55 A x 20 A.
介绍了纯化分泌型和高聚物型血清IgA的简单方法。凝胶过滤在特别高琼脂糖柱是在这些净化程序的重要步骤。在一些初乳样品中发现了s- iga -白蛋白复合物。这些配合物可以通过轻微的还原解离。接种脊髓灰质炎病毒个体的初侧IgA和高聚物血清IgA含有中等滴度的病毒中和抗体。分泌IgA的超微结构类似于叉骨，分子的平均尺寸约为125 a x 30 a。超微结构的发现与分子模型相一致，其中两个IgA单体在紧密堆积状态下相互叠加，分泌片段插入α-链的恒定区域。研究的高聚物血清IgA由四个丝状结构组成，在中心点连接。分子的总跨度约为100 A，从中心突出的亚基的尺寸为50至55 A x 20 A。
{"title":"PURIFICATION, ANTIBODY ACTIVITY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SECRETORY AND HIGH‐POLYMER IgA","authors":"Björn Blotii","doi":"10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04292.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04292.X","url":null,"abstract":"Simple methods for the purification of secretory and high-polymer serum IgA are described. Gel filtration on exceptionally tall agarose columns was an essential step in these purification procedures. The presence of s-IgA-albumin complexes was noted in some colostrum samples. These complexes could be dissociated by mild reduction. Colostral IgA and high-polymer serum IgA from individuals vaccinated with poliovirus contained virus-neutralizing antibodies in modest titres. The ultrastructure of secretory IgA resembled a wishbone and the mean dimensions of the molecule were approximately 125 A x 30 A. The ultrastructural findings are compatible with a molecular model in which two IgA monomers are superimposed upon each other in a close-packed state with the secretory piece inserted in the constant region of the α-chains. The high-polymer serum IgA studied was made up of four filamentous structures joined at a central point. The total span of the molecule was approximately 100 A and the dimensions of subunits protruding from the centre were 50 to 55 A x 20 A.","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"19 1","pages":"226-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78422888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-15DOI: 10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04285.X
E. Bindseil
In one experiment mice were immunized by repeated oral inoculations with Ascaris suum eggs. Immune mice and controls were challenged in 2 ways, viz., orally with eggs and intravenously with in vitro hatched second-stage larvae of Ascaris suum. In a second experiment immune mice and controls were sacrificed 8 hrs after an oral challenge with eggs. It is concluded that the intestine is important for immunity against Ascaris suum, and that the defence mechanism is acting by interfering with the process of hatching and the larval penetration of the gut mucosa. It became evident from Experiment 1 that the large majority of the third-stage larvae detected in the lungs after oral challenge had not developed from second-stage larvae in the lungs, but was most likely coming from the liver.
{"title":"Immunity to Ascaris suum. 3. The importance of the gut for immunity in mice.","authors":"E. Bindseil","doi":"10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04285.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04285.X","url":null,"abstract":"In one experiment mice were immunized by repeated oral inoculations with Ascaris suum eggs. Immune mice and controls were challenged in 2 ways, viz., orally with eggs and intravenously with in vitro hatched second-stage larvae of Ascaris suum. In a second experiment immune mice and controls were sacrificed 8 hrs after an oral challenge with eggs. It is concluded that the intestine is important for immunity against Ascaris suum, and that the defence mechanism is acting by interfering with the process of hatching and the larval penetration of the gut mucosa. It became evident from Experiment 1 that the large majority of the third-stage larvae detected in the lungs after oral challenge had not developed from second-stage larvae in the lungs, but was most likely coming from the liver.","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":"183-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74645366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-15DOI: 10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02353.X
E. Korpinen
Low doses of stachybotrys toxin were administered per os to groups of mice in early pregnancy. The toxic material was given either in the form of infected grain, liquid growth medium or partly purified toxin preparation. The administration took place mostly either as a single dose on the 3rd or 5th day of pregnancy or during a five-day period in the feed. The toxin amounts administered varied from 3 to 4000 tissue culture units (TCU), measured by the mouse fibroblast tissue culture test. The proportion of pregnant mice in all toxin treated groups was 70.7 per cent and that in the control group was 90.5 per cent. The difference is statistically significant. Statistically significant differences were also demonstrated in the frequency of dead, resorbed and stunted foetuses and in the average litter size of live normal foetuses between the control group and the groups administered 100–4000 TCU of the stachybotrys toxin. The results thus provide experimental evidence that stachybotrys toxin can affect detrimentally foetuses in doses low enough not to cause any definite clinical signs of illness in pregnant females. The histopathological study revealed uteroplacental haemorrhages in toxin treated animals. This finding may be indicative of the mechanism of action by toxin.
{"title":"STUDIES ONSTACHYBOTRYS ALTERNANS","authors":"E. Korpinen","doi":"10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02353.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02353.X","url":null,"abstract":"Low doses of stachybotrys toxin were administered per os to groups of mice in early pregnancy. The toxic material was given either in the form of infected grain, liquid growth medium or partly purified toxin preparation. The administration took place mostly either as a single dose on the 3rd or 5th day of pregnancy or during a five-day period in the feed. The toxin amounts administered varied from 3 to 4000 tissue culture units (TCU), measured by the mouse fibroblast tissue culture test. The proportion of pregnant mice in all toxin treated groups was 70.7 per cent and that in the control group was 90.5 per cent. The difference is statistically significant. Statistically significant differences were also demonstrated in the frequency of dead, resorbed and stunted foetuses and in the average litter size of live normal foetuses between the control group and the groups administered 100–4000 TCU of the stachybotrys toxin. The results thus provide experimental evidence that stachybotrys toxin can affect detrimentally foetuses in doses low enough not to cause any definite clinical signs of illness in pregnant females. The histopathological study revealed uteroplacental haemorrhages in toxin treated animals. This finding may be indicative of the mechanism of action by toxin.","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"27 1","pages":"457-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91379664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-15DOI: 10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02367.X
I. Seppälä
Mice were rendered tolerant to a haptenic determinant NIP by cyclophosphamide treatment and subsequent multiple intraperitoneal injections of NIP coupled to mouse serum albumin. Control mice received no antigen. The mice were challenged with immunogenic NIP-conjugates 20 days after stopping the tolerance inducing treatment. The response to the hapten was reduced, while the response to the carrier was normal. A second challenge showed absence of memory cell development towards the hapten. To study antibody affinity in tolerance rats were rendered tolerant to NNP-human serum albumin and challenged later with the tolerogen. The rats developed very little anti-NNP antibodies until 3 months after the tolerance inducing treatment. Then the affinity of antibodies was low in the tolerant group. A partial tolerance lasted one year, which is remarkably long when compared to other works on the length of B cell tolerance. Tolerant animals had only weakly specific antibody to the tolerogen in contrast to the controls. Maturation of antibody affinity was paralleled by increase in specificity in the control rats.
{"title":"Hapten-carrier relationships in immunological unresponsiveness. II. Decrease of antibody affinity and specificity in B cell tolerance.","authors":"I. Seppälä","doi":"10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02367.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02367.X","url":null,"abstract":"Mice were rendered tolerant to a haptenic determinant NIP by cyclophosphamide treatment and subsequent multiple intraperitoneal injections of NIP coupled to mouse serum albumin. Control mice received no antigen. The mice were challenged with immunogenic NIP-conjugates 20 days after stopping the tolerance inducing treatment. The response to the hapten was reduced, while the response to the carrier was normal. A second challenge showed absence of memory cell development towards the hapten. To study antibody affinity in tolerance rats were rendered tolerant to NNP-human serum albumin and challenged later with the tolerogen. The rats developed very little anti-NNP antibodies until 3 months after the tolerance inducing treatment. Then the affinity of antibodies was low in the tolerant group. A partial tolerance lasted one year, which is remarkably long when compared to other works on the length of B cell tolerance. Tolerant animals had only weakly specific antibody to the tolerogen in contrast to the controls. Maturation of antibody affinity was paralleled by increase in specificity in the control rats.","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"30 1","pages":"567-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88275640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mycoplasmosis: experimental pyelonephritis in rats; Demonstration of antibody in urine and serum.","authors":"S Rosendal, A C Thomsen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"82 6","pages":"895-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15633379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gas chromatography of bacterial whole cell methanolysates; IV. A procedure for fractionation and identification of fatty acids and monosaccharides of cellular structures.","authors":"E Jantzen, K Bryn, K Bovre","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"82 6","pages":"753-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15329095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gas chromatography of bacterial whole cell methanolysates; VI. Fatty acid composition of strains within Micrococcaceae;.","authors":"E Jantzen, T Bergan, K Bovre","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"82 6","pages":"785-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15633374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Purine metabolism in Neisseria meningitidis. 2. Utilization of exogenous adenosine, guanosine and inosine.","authors":"S Jyssum","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"82 6","pages":"885-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15329100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：