Pub Date : 2009-08-15DOI: 10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04289.X
H. Gnarpe, L. Olding
Ascending urinary tract infections with Proteus were induced in rabbits by intravesical inoculation of bacteria. The urinary findings of leucocytes, bacteria, alterations in the urinary pH and the morphological lesions in the urinary tract were studied. In spite of heavy growth of bacteria in urine and in the kidneys and inflammatory lesions in the urinary tract there were remarkably low concentrations of leucocytes in the urine at pH values above 7.75. This was the case in most of the rabbits infected with P. vulgaris. When the urinary pH was below 7.75, there was a considerable concentration of leucocytes. This was observed in some of the rabbits infected with P. vulgaris and in most of those infected with E. coli. The demonstration of leucocytes in urinary sediments as a criterium of urinary tract infection must be reconsidered, especially in infections due to proteus bacteria as there is evidence that they cause leucocyte disintegration in vivo.
{"title":"The inflammatory reaction and urinary leucocytes in ascending urinary-tract infections. An experimental study on rabbits infected with Proteus vulgaris X 19 and Escherichia coli 06.","authors":"H. Gnarpe, L. Olding","doi":"10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04289.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04289.X","url":null,"abstract":"Ascending urinary tract infections with Proteus were induced in rabbits by intravesical inoculation of bacteria. The urinary findings of leucocytes, bacteria, alterations in the urinary pH and the morphological lesions in the urinary tract were studied. In spite of heavy growth of bacteria in urine and in the kidneys and inflammatory lesions in the urinary tract there were remarkably low concentrations of leucocytes in the urine at pH values above 7.75. This was the case in most of the rabbits infected with P. vulgaris. When the urinary pH was below 7.75, there was a considerable concentration of leucocytes. This was observed in some of the rabbits infected with P. vulgaris and in most of those infected with E. coli. The demonstration of leucocytes in urinary sediments as a criterium of urinary tract infection must be reconsidered, especially in infections due to proteus bacteria as there is evidence that they cause leucocyte disintegration in vivo.","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"41 1","pages":"208-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74136770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-15DOI: 10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04320.X
P. Krogh, E. Hasselager, P. Friis
Nephrotoxic compounds were isolated from a strain of Penicillium viridicatum Westling. This strain was isolated from a batch of barley which by feeding caused a chronic kidney degeneration in pigs and rats. Liquid corn steep medium was inoculated and incubated as stationary culture. After fractionation of the liquid medium fractions and isolated compounds were perorally administered to rats during a period of 2–3 weeks. Two compounds were found nephrotoxic: Citrinin and oxalic acid. Oxalates cause in rats during a long-term experiment a chronic kidney damage, characterized by dilated tubules, formation of cysts and connective tissue and crystals of calcium oxalate in the tubules. No nuclear alterations were observed. Citrinin-induced kidney damage is characterized by enlarged kidneys. Degeneration of the proximal tubules in the form of hydropic degeneration, loss of brush border, and pyknotic nuclei are observed. These lesions are accompanied by thickening of the tubular basement membranes, activation of interstitial cells and formation of collagen. Some tubules are dilated into cysts. This kidney degeneration is comparable to the kidney damage in rats and pigs caused by feeding barley inoculated with P. viridicatum as well as by feeding the batch of barley from which the fungus was isolated. The kidney damage in pigs is comparable to the chronic kidney degeneration observed among Danish pigs fed mouldy feed. Thus it is assumed that the kidney degeneration naturally occurring among Danish pigs is a mycotoxicosis caused by citrinin, although a synergistic effect with other compounds may exist.
{"title":"Studies on fungal nephrotoxicity. 2. Isolation of two nephrotoxic compounds from Penicillium viridicatum Westling: citrinin and oxalic acid.","authors":"P. Krogh, E. Hasselager, P. Friis","doi":"10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04320.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04320.X","url":null,"abstract":"Nephrotoxic compounds were isolated from a strain of Penicillium viridicatum Westling. This strain was isolated from a batch of barley which by feeding caused a chronic kidney degeneration in pigs and rats. Liquid corn steep medium was inoculated and incubated as stationary culture. After fractionation of the liquid medium fractions and isolated compounds were perorally administered to rats during a period of 2–3 weeks. Two compounds were found nephrotoxic: Citrinin and oxalic acid. Oxalates cause in rats during a long-term experiment a chronic kidney damage, characterized by dilated tubules, formation of cysts and connective tissue and crystals of calcium oxalate in the tubules. No nuclear alterations were observed. Citrinin-induced kidney damage is characterized by enlarged kidneys. Degeneration of the proximal tubules in the form of hydropic degeneration, loss of brush border, and pyknotic nuclei are observed. These lesions are accompanied by thickening of the tubular basement membranes, activation of interstitial cells and formation of collagen. Some tubules are dilated into cysts. This kidney degeneration is comparable to the kidney damage in rats and pigs caused by feeding barley inoculated with P. viridicatum as well as by feeding the batch of barley from which the fungus was isolated. The kidney damage in pigs is comparable to the chronic kidney degeneration observed among Danish pigs fed mouldy feed. Thus it is assumed that the kidney degeneration naturally occurring among Danish pigs is a mycotoxicosis caused by citrinin, although a synergistic effect with other compounds may exist.","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"78 4 1","pages":"401-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88122228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-15DOI: 10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02334.X
K. Skaug, E. Tjøtta
A modified, indirect immunofluorescent technique for the detection of specific serum Herpes simplex virus IgM antibodies is described. The previously necessary long incubation period with the serum for the determination of the IgM fluorescent antibody titre, is reduced from 3 to 1 hour after staphylococcal adsorption of IgG. This IgM test will also, in contrast to the previous procedure with untreated sera, give a more reliable and easy determination of the IgM titres, because the IgM fluorescence is more intense. Paired sera from 34 patients, taken approximately 6 and 15 days after the onset of symptoms, were examined. Sera from 11 patients showed a fourfold or greater rise in titre in the CFT and the IgG fluorescent antibody test, and 7 of these showed also a fourfold or greater rise in the IgM fluorescent antibody titre. The sera from the other patients, however, showed a constant titre in the CFT and the IgG fluorescent antibody test and were negative in the IgM test. The results show that in many cases a current Herpes simplex infection rapidly can be identified by this immunofluorescent technique.
{"title":"Diagnosis of recent Herpes simplex infections. A modified immunofluorescent test for the detection of specific Herpes simplex IgM antibodies after staphylococcal adsorption of IgG.","authors":"K. Skaug, E. Tjøtta","doi":"10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02334.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02334.X","url":null,"abstract":"A modified, indirect immunofluorescent technique for the detection of specific serum Herpes simplex virus IgM antibodies is described. The previously necessary long incubation period with the serum for the determination of the IgM fluorescent antibody titre, is reduced from 3 to 1 hour after staphylococcal adsorption of IgG. This IgM test will also, in contrast to the previous procedure with untreated sera, give a more reliable and easy determination of the IgM titres, because the IgM fluorescence is more intense. Paired sera from 34 patients, taken approximately 6 and 15 days after the onset of symptoms, were examined. Sera from 11 patients showed a fourfold or greater rise in titre in the CFT and the IgG fluorescent antibody test, and 7 of these showed also a fourfold or greater rise in the IgM fluorescent antibody titre. The sera from the other patients, however, showed a constant titre in the CFT and the IgG fluorescent antibody test and were negative in the IgM test. The results show that in many cases a current Herpes simplex infection rapidly can be identified by this immunofluorescent technique.","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"14 1","pages":"323-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87622612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-15DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1970.tb04268.x
M. Degré
{"title":"Synergistic effect in viral-bacterial infection. 2. Influence of viral infection on the phagocytic ability of alveolar macrophages.","authors":"M. Degré","doi":"10.1111/j.1699-0463.1970.tb04268.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1970.tb04268.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"33 1","pages":"41-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89847506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-15DOI: 10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04342.X
K. Bøvre
Pulse-RNA-3H extracted from 4 species of moraxellae and neisseriae were hybridized to DNA from 14 species of rodshaped and coccal organisms belonging to these groups, one species of Acinetobacter and from Escherichia coli, in 44 out of 64 possible combinations. The affinities observed ranged from zero to 34.2 per cent of autologous hybridization activity (DNA and RNA from the same strain). In the combinations of strains studied, the hybridization affinities were essentially of the same relative order as in transformation of streptomycin resistance. Additional evidence was provided in favour of a recent redefinition of the genera Moraxella and Neisseria, in which each genus contains both rodshaped and coccal organisms.
{"title":"Pulse-RNA-DNA hybridization between rodshaped and coccal species of the Moraxella-Neisseria groups.","authors":"K. Bøvre","doi":"10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04342.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04342.X","url":null,"abstract":"Pulse-RNA-3H extracted from 4 species of moraxellae and neisseriae were hybridized to DNA from 14 species of rodshaped and coccal organisms belonging to these groups, one species of Acinetobacter and from Escherichia coli, in 44 out of 64 possible combinations. The affinities observed ranged from zero to 34.2 per cent of autologous hybridization activity (DNA and RNA from the same strain). In the combinations of strains studied, the hybridization affinities were essentially of the same relative order as in transformation of streptomycin resistance. Additional evidence was provided in favour of a recent redefinition of the genera Moraxella and Neisseria, in which each genus contains both rodshaped and coccal organisms.","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"94 1","pages":"565-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77495122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-15DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1971.tb00041.x
K. Fossum
It was demonstrated with the aid of the casein precipitating inhibition test (CPI-test) that chicken egg white, colostrum from different animal species, and extracts of grain and potato, contained inhibitory substances against trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, a number of microbial proteinases, and ficin and papain. Extracts of Ascaris suum contained inhibitory substances which were active against the animal, and several of the microbial proteinases tested, but not against ficin and papain. A semiquantitative measure for the inhibitory capacity of chicken egg white, different colostrum species, extracts of wheat, barley, rye, and corn flours, and extracts of potato upon various enzymes, is given. By combination of paper electrophoresis of the inhibitor-containing materials with the CPI-test (electrophoretic CPI-test), it was found that each of the materials investigated contained several electrophoretically distinguishable inhibitors, with different inhibitory spectra. Some of these inhibitors were active against one single enzyme of animal or microbial origin, others seemed to be active against two enzymes, such as trypsin and α-chymotrypsin, proteinases from Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae, or ficin and papain, while still others affected a variety of different enzymes. Some inhibitors seemed to affect swine trypsin but not bovine trypsin. Of the two enzyme fractions in the crude Aspergillus oryzae proteinase, only one was affected by many of the inhibitory substances. The number of inhibitors, as well as the pattern of the different inhibitors in colostrum from different individuals of the same species, seemed also to differ. Many of the inhibitors demonstrated have not been reported previously.
{"title":"Proteolytic enzymes and biological inhibitors. VI. Antibodies in animal sera against the proteinase of Corynebacterium pyogenes.","authors":"K. Fossum","doi":"10.1111/j.1699-0463.1971.tb00041.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1971.tb00041.x","url":null,"abstract":"It was demonstrated with the aid of the casein precipitating inhibition test (CPI-test) that chicken egg white, colostrum from different animal species, and extracts of grain and potato, contained inhibitory substances against trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, a number of microbial proteinases, and ficin and papain. Extracts of Ascaris suum contained inhibitory substances which were active against the animal, and several of the microbial proteinases tested, but not against ficin and papain. A semiquantitative measure for the inhibitory capacity of chicken egg white, different colostrum species, extracts of wheat, barley, rye, and corn flours, and extracts of potato upon various enzymes, is given. By combination of paper electrophoresis of the inhibitor-containing materials with the CPI-test (electrophoretic CPI-test), it was found that each of the materials investigated contained several electrophoretically distinguishable inhibitors, with different inhibitory spectra. Some of these inhibitors were active against one single enzyme of animal or microbial origin, others seemed to be active against two enzymes, such as trypsin and α-chymotrypsin, proteinases from Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae, or ficin and papain, while still others affected a variety of different enzymes. Some inhibitors seemed to affect swine trypsin but not bovine trypsin. Of the two enzyme fractions in the crude Aspergillus oryzae proteinase, only one was affected by many of the inhibitory substances. The number of inhibitors, as well as the pattern of the different inhibitors in colostrum from different individuals of the same species, seemed also to differ. Many of the inhibitors demonstrated have not been reported previously.","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"13 1","pages":"117-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81512115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-15DOI: 10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02369.X
A. Laurell, U. Mårtensson
The presence of Ca++ changed the electrophoretic mobility of CIs. Incubation of purified preparations of Clr and CIs in the presence of Ca++ resulted in the formation of a Clr–CIs complex, which by crossed immunoelectrophoresis was demonstrated in the β-region. In mixtures of purified Clq, Clr and CIs containing Ca++ a complex consisting of Clq, r, s was obtained, which crossed immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated in the γ-region. No complex formation was found between Clq and CIs in the absence of Clr.
{"title":"INTERACTION BETWEEN Clq, Clr and Cls FROM HUMAN SERUM","authors":"A. Laurell, U. Mårtensson","doi":"10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02369.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02369.X","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of Ca++ changed the electrophoretic mobility of CIs. Incubation of purified preparations of Clr and CIs in the presence of Ca++ resulted in the formation of a Clr–CIs complex, which by crossed immunoelectrophoresis was demonstrated in the β-region. In mixtures of purified Clq, Clr and CIs containing Ca++ a complex consisting of Clq, r, s was obtained, which crossed immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated in the γ-region. No complex formation was found between Clq and CIs in the absence of Clr.","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"75 1","pages":"585-589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86791994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-15DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1970.tb04314.x
K. Fossum
{"title":"Proteolytic enzymes and biological inhibitors. I. Comparison between the Kunitz method and the agar gel casein precipitating reaction for determination of the activity of some commercial proteolytic enzymes and inhibitors.","authors":"K. Fossum","doi":"10.1111/j.1699-0463.1970.tb04314.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1970.tb04314.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"19 1","pages":"350-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90235665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-15DOI: 10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02326.X
Mogens Kjær
{"title":"THE CAPILLARY TUBE LEUCOCYTE MIGRATION TECHNIQUE (LMT) AS A METHOD FOR DETECTION OF SERUM INHIBITING ACTIVITY OF TUMOUR-DIRECTED, CELLULAR HYPERSENSITIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL CARCINOMAS","authors":"Mogens Kjær","doi":"10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02326.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1699-0463.1974.TB02326.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"17 1","pages":"294-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87251481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-15DOI: 10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04335.X
J. Lamvik
The reported experiments show that while α- and β-globulins are formed in the cultured leucocytes in sheep red cell stimulated as well as non-stimulated cultures containing primed as well as non-primed cells, immunoglobulins mainly of γG type are formed and liberated into the culture medium following antigen stimulation of primed cells. The amount of newly synthesized immunoglobulin of γG type was found to be correlated to the agglutinin titres. De novo synthesis of γM was also found, but only in minute amounts and without any close relation to culture time or agglutinin titres.
{"title":"Anamnestic response in rabbit blood leucocyte cultures. Autoradiographic analysis of proteins synthesized in the cells and liberated to the culture medium.","authors":"J. Lamvik","doi":"10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04335.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1699-0463.1970.TB04335.X","url":null,"abstract":"The reported experiments show that while α- and β-globulins are formed in the cultured leucocytes in sheep red cell stimulated as well as non-stimulated cultures containing primed as well as non-primed cells, immunoglobulins mainly of γG type are formed and liberated into the culture medium following antigen stimulation of primed cells. The amount of newly synthesized immunoglobulin of γG type was found to be correlated to the agglutinin titres. De novo synthesis of γM was also found, but only in minute amounts and without any close relation to culture time or agglutinin titres.","PeriodicalId":7323,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B: Microbiology and immunology","volume":"23 1","pages":"509-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84413536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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