Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common globally, impacting quality of life and creating financial and medical difficulties. They are a concern in both community and hospital settings. The purpose of the study was to assess the bacteriological profile, risk factors, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of UTIs in pregnant women attending antenatal care in East Wallaga, Ethiopia.
Methods
Institutional-based cross-sectional research was carried out among pregnant women. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique was used to identify bacterial profiles and evaluate them for antibiotic sensitivity. A 95% confidence interval was used, and a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
In this study, the total prevalence of UTIs was 14.9% (95% confidence interval: 11.0-18.8%) (n = 44/296). Most of the isolated organisms were gram-negative (61.4%). Escherichia coli was the most predominant isolate (40%). Eighty-seven percent of the bacterial isolates were ampicillin-resistant. Multidrug resistance was seen in 77.3% of the isolated bacteria. A history of catheterization and a history of UTI were identified as significant predictors of UTI.
Conclusions
In pregnant women, bacterial isolates from the current investigation indicated an alarming level of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, it's critical to identify the drug-susceptibility pattern of the causative agents of UTIs and diagnose them early and routinely.
{"title":"Bacterial agent, antibiotic resistance profile and predictors of urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Ethiopia","authors":"Milkias Abebe , Abdi Negash , Shimelis Kebede , Fedasan Alemu , Deresa Jemma , Desta Amansisa , Seifu Gizaw","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common globally, impacting quality of life and creating financial and medical difficulties. They are a concern in both community and hospital settings. The purpose of the study was to assess the bacteriological profile, risk factors, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of UTIs in pregnant women attending antenatal care in East Wallaga, Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Institutional-based cross-sectional research was carried out among pregnant women. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique was used to identify bacterial profiles and evaluate them for antibiotic sensitivity. A 95% confidence interval was used, and a <em>P</em>-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this study, the total prevalence of UTIs was 14.9% (95% confidence interval: 11.0-18.8%) (n = 44/296). Most of the isolated organisms were gram-negative (61.4%). <em>Escherichia coli</em> was the most predominant isolate (40%). Eighty-seven percent of the bacterial isolates were ampicillin-resistant. Multidrug resistance was seen in 77.3% of the isolated bacteria. A history of catheterization and a history of UTI were identified as significant predictors of UTI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In pregnant women, bacterial isolates from the current investigation indicated an alarming level of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, it's critical to identify the drug-susceptibility pattern of the causative agents of UTIs and diagnose them early and routinely.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100787"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100795
Mbwiga Sote Aloni
Objectives
Most pregnant women in Tanzania do not adhere to the recommended use of SP/Fansidar for malaria prevention, posing a significant challenge to malaria control efforts. The study examines zonal heterogeneities in the uptake of SP/Fansidar doses in Tanzania.
Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed 2022 TDHS-MIS data to examine sociodemographic and geographic determinants of sufficient SP/Fansidar uptake among pregnant women in Tanzania.
Results
Among 4157 women aged 15-49, those with secondary or higher education were 1.37 times more likely to take three or more SP/Fansidar doses, while women aged 35-39 were 34% less likely than those aged 15-19. SP/Fansidar doses uptake was higher in the Northern (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.78), Lake (aOR = 1.57), Southern (aOR = 1.44), and Eastern (aOR = 1.38) zones but 73% lower in Zanzibar (aOR = 0.27).
Conclusions
Uptake of ≥3 SP/Fansidar doses among women in Tanzania remains generally low, with significant disparities across geographic zones and sociodemographic groups. The Northern, Southern, Lake, and Eastern zones show higher coverage, while Zanzibar lags substantially behind. Factors such as place of residence, education, maternal age, wealth status, and parity are key determinants, underscoring the need for carefully designed, geographically targeted interventions to improve SP/Fansidar adherence in the most affected zones.
{"title":"Spatial heterogeneities in women’s adherence to sulfadoxine pyrimethamine prophylaxis in Tanzania: Findings from the 2022 TDHS–MIS","authors":"Mbwiga Sote Aloni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Most pregnant women in Tanzania do not adhere to the recommended use of SP/Fansidar for malaria prevention, posing a significant challenge to malaria control efforts. The study examines zonal heterogeneities in the uptake of SP/Fansidar doses in Tanzania.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study analyzed 2022 TDHS-MIS data to examine sociodemographic and geographic determinants of sufficient SP/Fansidar uptake among pregnant women in Tanzania.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 4157 women aged 15-49, those with secondary or higher education were 1.37 times more likely to take three or more SP/Fansidar doses, while women aged 35-39 were 34% less likely than those aged 15-19. SP/Fansidar doses uptake was higher in the Northern (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.78), Lake (aOR = 1.57), Southern (aOR = 1.44), and Eastern (aOR = 1.38) zones but 73% lower in Zanzibar (aOR = 0.27).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Uptake of ≥3 SP/Fansidar doses among women in Tanzania remains generally low, with significant disparities across geographic zones and sociodemographic groups. The Northern, Southern, Lake, and Eastern zones show higher coverage, while Zanzibar lags substantially behind. Factors such as place of residence, education, maternal age, wealth status, and parity are key determinants, underscoring the need for carefully designed, geographically targeted interventions to improve SP/Fansidar adherence in the most affected zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100795"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100791
Fanny Quenard , Francis Pecout , Thierno A Barry , Romain Mortier , Marie-Paule Ferdinand , Ornella Cabras , André Cabie
Objectives
The incidence of chikungunya and dengue is increasing worldwide. Vaccines are now available against these two arboviral diseases.
Methods
We evaluated the acceptability of live chikungunya and dengue vaccines (VLA1553 and TAK-003) among users of Martinique’s travel clinics from January to April 2025. We asked whether they would want these vaccines for travel to areas with exposure risk and/or for their home territory.
Results
While planning travel, 41% of respondents expressed interest in the chikungunya vaccine, and 55% were interested in the dengue vaccine. For the Martinique territory, 55% were willing to receive the chikungunya vaccine, and 58% were willing to receive the dengue vaccine.
Conclusions
In both contexts (travel and home territory), acceptability was higher for dengue than for chikungunya vaccination. Acceptability for both vaccines was also higher for the home territory than for travel to areas with exposure risk. Few data are available on chikungunya vaccine acceptability. We found similar acceptability for this vaccine in Martinique as reported in the United States Virgin Islands (56%), an overseas territory of the United States in the Caribbean, and in La Réunion, another French overseas territory in the Indian Ocean (60.5% in the hypothetical full-reimbursement scenario).
{"title":"Acceptability of a chikungunya vaccine and dengue vaccine among travelers in Martinique (French West Indies), for the travel and for their home territory","authors":"Fanny Quenard , Francis Pecout , Thierno A Barry , Romain Mortier , Marie-Paule Ferdinand , Ornella Cabras , André Cabie","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The incidence of chikungunya and dengue is increasing worldwide. Vaccines are now available against these two arboviral diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We evaluated the acceptability of live chikungunya and dengue vaccines (VLA1553 and TAK-003) among users of Martinique’s travel clinics from January to April 2025. We asked whether they would want these vaccines for travel to areas with exposure risk and/or for their home territory.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>While planning travel, 41% of respondents expressed interest in the chikungunya vaccine, and 55% were interested in the dengue vaccine. For the Martinique territory, 55% were willing to receive the chikungunya vaccine, and 58% were willing to receive the dengue vaccine.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In both contexts (travel and home territory), acceptability was higher for dengue than for chikungunya vaccination. Acceptability for both vaccines was also higher for the home territory than for travel to areas with exposure risk. Few data are available on chikungunya vaccine acceptability. We found similar acceptability for this vaccine in Martinique as reported in the United States Virgin Islands (56%), an overseas territory of the United States in the Caribbean, and in La Réunion, another French overseas territory in the Indian Ocean (60.5% in the hypothetical full-reimbursement scenario).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to assess the immune response to a three-dose primary series of COVID-19 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), a population vulnerable to infection due to immunosuppression.
Methods
This study was a longitudinal evaluation of neutralizing antibody (nAB) dynamics in 43 KTRs in a lower-middle-income setting receiving a three-dose homologous (messenger RNA [mRNA]-1273-mRNA-1273- BNT162b2) vaccination against COVID-19. Samples were obtained at time points (TP) as follows: TP0, pre-vaccination; TP1, 1-month post-first dose (mRNA-1273); TP2, 1-month post-second dose (mRNA-1273); TP3, 4 months post-second dose; TP4, 2 weeks post-third dose (BNT162b2); TP5, 5 months post-third dose; and TP6, 12 months post-third dose. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 nAB were detected using the Genscript cPassTM pseudoviral neutralization kit. Demographic and clinical details were obtained through interviewer-administered questionnaires.
Results
Pre-vaccination serum analysis showed n = 7 KTRs had prior COVID-19 infection, classified as ‘infected + vaccinated,’ while others were ‘vaccinated.’ Both groups were similar in age (41.7 years vs 46.7 years, P = 0.2383), gender, and transplant characteristics. Seroconversion and mean/ median antibody level (MAB) in the vaccinated and infected + vaccinated KTRs were: TP1, 8.3% vs 100% (P <0.001), MAB = 64.3 IU/mL vs 1424 IU/mL (P = 0.0167); TP2, 52.7% vs 100% (P = 0.0194), MAB = 175 IU/mL vs 2790 IU/mL (P <0.0001); TP3, 100% vs 100%, MAB = 106IU/mL vs 2153 IU/mL (P = 0.0002); TP4, 100% vs 100%, MAB = 736 IU/mL vs 2152 IU/mL (P = 0.0307); and TP6, 100% vs 100%, MAB > 2565 IU/mL vs > 3028 IU/mL (P = 0.5238). No factors were associated with seroconversion or MAB.
Conclusions
KTRs receiving a three-dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccine regimen maintained strong nAB levels at 1-year follow-up, with comparable antibody levels seen between KTRs with prior infection + vaccination and vaccination alone.
本研究旨在评估肾移植受者（KTRs）对COVID-19疫苗接种三剂的免疫反应，这是一个由于免疫抑制而易感染的人群。方法对43例接受三剂同源（信使RNA [mRNA]-1273-mRNA-1273- BNT162b2）抗COVID-19疫苗接种的中低收入地区的ktr患者进行中和抗体（nAB）动态的纵向评价。在以下时间点（TP）取样：t0，预接种；TP1，首次给药后1个月（mRNA-1273）；TP2，第二次后1个月剂量（mRNA-1273）；TP3，第二剂后4个月；TP4，第三剂后2周（BNT162b2）；TP5，第三剂后5个月；第三次注射后12个月注射TP6。采用Genscript cPassTM伪病毒中和试剂盒检测抗sars - cov -2 nAB。人口统计和临床细节通过访谈者填写的问卷获得。结果接种前血清分析显示，n = 7例ktr患者既往感染COVID-19，分为“感染+接种”组，其余为“接种”组。两组患者在年龄（41.7岁vs 46.7岁，P = 0.2383）、性别和移植特征方面相似。接种疫苗和感染+接种疫苗的KTRs血清转化和平均/中位抗体水平（MAB）为：TP1, 8.3% vs 100% (P <0.001), MAB = 64.3 IU/mL vs 1424 IU/mL (P = 0.0167)；TP2, 52.7% vs 100% (P = 0.0194)，单克隆抗体= 175 IU/mL vs 2790 IU/mL (P <0.0001)；TP3, 100% vs 100%, MAB = 106IU/mL vs 2153 IU/mL (P = 0.0002)；TP4, 100% vs 100%，单抗= 736 IU/mL vs 2152 IU/mL (P = 0.0307)；TP6, 100% vs 100%，单克隆抗体2565 IU/mL vs 3028 IU/mL （P = 0.5238）。没有与血清转化或单克隆抗体相关的因素。结论接受三剂mRNA - COVID-19疫苗方案的KTRs在1年随访期间保持较强的nAB水平，先前感染+接种疫苗的KTRs与单独接种疫苗的KTRs之间的抗体水平相当。
{"title":"Longitudinal evaluation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels in 3-dose homologous (mRNA-1273- mRNA-1273- BNT162b2) vaccinated kidney transplant population: 18-month follow-up","authors":"Kankanamalage Ridma Prasadini Karunathilake , Roshan Athula Kumara , Amali Karunathilaka , Abdul Wahid Mohamed Wazil , Nishantha Nanayakkara , Chandana Keerthi Bandara , Rajitha Asanga Abeysekera , Faseeha Noordeen , Indika Bandara Gawarammana , Champa Neelakanthi Ratnatunga","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the immune response to a three-dose primary series of COVID-19 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), a population vulnerable to infection due to immunosuppression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study was a longitudinal evaluation of neutralizing antibody (nAB) dynamics in 43 KTRs in a lower-middle-income setting receiving a three-dose homologous (messenger RNA [mRNA]-1273-mRNA-1273- BNT162b2) vaccination against COVID-19. Samples were obtained at time points (TP) as follows: TP0, pre-vaccination; TP1, 1-month post-first dose (mRNA-1273); TP2, 1-month post-second dose (mRNA-1273); TP3, 4 months post-second dose; TP4, 2 weeks post-third dose (BNT162b2); TP5, 5 months post-third dose; and TP6, 12 months post-third dose. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 nAB were detected using the Genscript cPass<sup>TM</sup> pseudoviral neutralization kit. Demographic and clinical details were obtained through interviewer-administered questionnaires.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Pre-vaccination serum analysis showed n = 7 KTRs had prior COVID-19 infection, classified as ‘infected + vaccinated,’ while others were ‘vaccinated.’ Both groups were similar in age (41.7 years vs 46.7 years, <em>P</em> = 0.2383), gender, and transplant characteristics. Seroconversion and mean/ median antibody level (MAB) in the vaccinated and infected + vaccinated KTRs were: TP1, 8.3% vs 100% (<em>P</em> <0.001), MAB = 64.3 IU/mL vs 1424 IU/mL (<em>P</em> = 0.0167); TP2, 52.7% vs 100% (<em>P</em> = 0.0194), MAB = 175 IU/mL vs 2790 IU/mL (<em>P</em> <0.0001); TP3, 100% vs 100%, MAB = 106IU/mL vs 2153 IU/mL (<em>P</em> = 0.0002); TP4, 100% vs 100%, MAB = 736 IU/mL vs 2152 IU/mL (<em>P =</em> 0.0307); and TP6, 100% vs 100%, MAB > 2565 IU/mL vs > 3028 IU/mL (<em>P</em> = 0.5238). No factors were associated with seroconversion or MAB.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>KTRs receiving a three-dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccine regimen maintained strong nAB levels at 1-year follow-up, with comparable antibody levels seen between KTRs with prior infection + vaccination and vaccination alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100767"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100781
Doutchi Mahamadou , Adamou Bara Abdoul-Aziz , Lamine Mahaman Moustapha , Ibrahim Alkassoum , Souleymane Adoum Fils , Bagnou Hamsatou , Goni Bachir , Yacouba Abdourahmane , Manzo Farouk , Adamou Lagare , Adehossi Eric , Djibo Issifou , Nasser Hassane , Idé Habibatou , Serge Paul Eholié
Objectives
Several epidemic outbreaks have affected the Zinder region. These include diseases targeted by the expanded immunization program and other emerging diseases. This study aimed to analyze these epidemics.
Methods
This is documentary research of the epidemics of meningitis, measles, cholera, COVID-19, and diphtheria, which occurred in the Zinder region from 2015 to 2023, as well as their determinants. The data collection is made from the linear list of notifiable diseases of the Regional Directorate of Health and Public Hygiene of Zinder, associated with literature review on the determinants of the appearance of these epidemics.
Results
The number of meningitis cases has gradually increased in Zinder from 2019 to 2024. A total of 5019 cases were registered during these epidemics, with a mortality rate of 6.31%. Five measles epidemics have been recorded since 2015. A total of 13,887 cases were notified during these epidemics, with a mortality rate of 0.30%. Three cholera epidemics occurred: in 2021, in 2022, and in 2024. During these epidemics, 884 cases were recorded, with 24 deaths or a lethality of 2.71%. The COVID-19 epidemic occurred in 2020, with 364 cases, including 17 deaths, i.e. a mortality rate of 4.67%. Since 2022, the region has been facing a diphtheria epidemic. A total of 3310 cases has been reported, with 173 deaths. The causes of these epidemics are multifaceted; they involve the decline in vaccination coverage, migration, insecurity, the COVID-19 pandemic, and climate change.
Conclusions
The impact of epidemics on the health of the population and the socio-economic development of regions implies a greater mastery of the root causes mentioned in this study.
{"title":"Resurgence of epidemics in Zinder: effect of the decrease in vaccination coverage and the impacts of climate change","authors":"Doutchi Mahamadou , Adamou Bara Abdoul-Aziz , Lamine Mahaman Moustapha , Ibrahim Alkassoum , Souleymane Adoum Fils , Bagnou Hamsatou , Goni Bachir , Yacouba Abdourahmane , Manzo Farouk , Adamou Lagare , Adehossi Eric , Djibo Issifou , Nasser Hassane , Idé Habibatou , Serge Paul Eholié","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Several epidemic outbreaks have affected the Zinder region. These include diseases targeted by the expanded immunization program and other emerging diseases. This study aimed to analyze these epidemics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is documentary research of the epidemics of meningitis, measles, cholera, COVID-19, and diphtheria, which occurred in the Zinder region from 2015 to 2023, as well as their determinants. The data collection is made from the linear list of notifiable diseases of the Regional Directorate of Health and Public Hygiene of Zinder, associated with literature review on the determinants of the appearance of these epidemics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The number of meningitis cases has gradually increased in Zinder from 2019 to 2024. A total of 5019 cases were registered during these epidemics, with a mortality rate of 6.31%. Five measles epidemics have been recorded since 2015. A total of 13,887 cases were notified during these epidemics, with a mortality rate of 0.30%. Three cholera epidemics occurred: in 2021, in 2022, and in 2024. During these epidemics, 884 cases were recorded, with 24 deaths or a lethality of 2.71%. The COVID-19 epidemic occurred in 2020, with 364 cases, including 17 deaths, i.e. a mortality rate of 4.67%. Since 2022, the region has been facing a diphtheria epidemic. A total of 3310 cases has been reported, with 173 deaths. The causes of these epidemics are multifaceted; they involve the decline in vaccination coverage, migration, insecurity, the COVID-19 pandemic, and climate change.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The impact of epidemics on the health of the population and the socio-economic development of regions implies a greater mastery of the root causes mentioned in this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100781"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ceftriaxone is the most commonly prescribed cephalosporin antibiotic in hospital settings. The overall prescribing compliance with the national antibiotic guidelines remained unassessed at Jigme Dorji Wangchuk National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH), Bhutan.
Methods
A retrospective analytical study was conducted by evaluating the medical records of patients who received ceftriaxone between January and December 2020 in the Medical Ward, JDWNRH. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 26.
Results
A total of 201 (17.82%) patients, with a mean age of 54.83 years (SD ± 20.93), received ceftriaxone, and pneumonia (49.25%) was the most frequently documented indication. The overall appropriate use of ceftriaxone was observed among 37 patients (18.41%), while 47 cases (23.38%) were not assessable. Doxycycline (35.82%) and metronidazole (19.90%) were the most commonly co-prescribed antibiotics. Contraindications and serious drug-drug interactions were observed among 20 (9.95%) and 21 (10.45%) patients, respectively. The proportion of inappropriate use of ceftriaxone was significantly higher among patients who experienced a hospital stay of ≤7 days (P = 0.016).
Conclusions
Routine monitoring and evaluation of ceftriaxone use as part of an antimicrobial stewardship program are recommended to prevent antibiotic resistance in the future.
{"title":"Ceftriaxone use evaluation at the Medical Ward, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral hospital in Bhutan: A retrospective analytical study","authors":"Kezang Tshering , Mongal Singh Gurung , Sonam Wangda , Pelden Chejor","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Ceftriaxone is the most commonly prescribed cephalosporin antibiotic in hospital settings. The overall prescribing compliance with the national antibiotic guidelines remained unassessed at Jigme Dorji Wangchuk National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH), Bhutan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analytical study was conducted by evaluating the medical records of patients who received ceftriaxone between January and December 2020 in the Medical Ward, JDWNRH. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 26.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 201 (17.82%) patients, with a mean age of 54.83 years (SD ± 20.93), received ceftriaxone, and pneumonia (49.25%) was the most frequently documented indication. The overall appropriate use of ceftriaxone was observed among 37 patients (18.41%), while 47 cases (23.38%) were not assessable. Doxycycline (35.82%) and metronidazole (19.90%) were the most commonly co-prescribed antibiotics. Contraindications and serious drug-drug interactions were observed among 20 (9.95%) and 21 (10.45%) patients, respectively. The proportion of inappropriate use of ceftriaxone was significantly higher among patients who experienced a hospital stay of ≤7 days (<em>P</em> = 0.016).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Routine monitoring and evaluation of ceftriaxone use as part of an antimicrobial stewardship program are recommended to prevent antibiotic resistance in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100799"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100802
Wilmer Silva-Caso , Giancarlo Pérez-Lazo , Miguel Angel Aguilar-Luis , Ronald Aquino-Ortega , Yordi Tarazona-Castro , Fernando Soto-Febres , Luis J. del Valle , Jhonathan Bazalar-Gonzales , Kocfa Chung-Delgado , Ivonne Melissa Ramírez , Sami Alcedo , Roxana Sandoval , Juana del Valle-Mendoza
Objectives
Cocirculation of Oropouche virus (OROV) with other endemic pathogens means coinfections can occur. This study aimed to characterize viral and bacterial coinfections in OROV-positive patients, evaluating their clinical features and exploring the impact on hospital stay and antibiotic use across different infection groups.
Methods
Cross-sectional study in an eastern Peruvian Amazon region among patients with acute febrile illness who tested positive for OROV. Patients were stratified into five groups: OROV monoinfection, OROV + dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2): American/Asian II coinfection, OROV + Rickettsia coinfection, OROV + Leptospira coinfection, and a control group of OROV-negative febrile patients.
Results
A total of 75 patients were included. Patients with OROV + Leptospira coinfection had the longest mean hospital stay (6.00 SD 1.40). Empirical antibiotic use at admission varied by group (overall 7/75, 9.3%). However, only two cases (both OROV + Leptospira) had appropriate antibiotic coverage for the confirmed pathogen. In all coinfected groups, there was frequent discordance between initial antibiotic treatment and the etiologic agent.
Conclusions
Coinfection with Leptospira was associated with a longer length of hospital stay and was the only scenario in which empiric antibiotic therapy aligned with the true etiology. OROV monoinfections and viral coinfections (with DENV-2 American/Asian II) showed similar clinical profiles, underscoring that routine clinical assessment alone cannot readily distinguish these infections or coinfections.
{"title":"Oropouche fever: Clinical characteristics and viral–bacterial coinfections in a region of the Peruvian Amazon: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Wilmer Silva-Caso , Giancarlo Pérez-Lazo , Miguel Angel Aguilar-Luis , Ronald Aquino-Ortega , Yordi Tarazona-Castro , Fernando Soto-Febres , Luis J. del Valle , Jhonathan Bazalar-Gonzales , Kocfa Chung-Delgado , Ivonne Melissa Ramírez , Sami Alcedo , Roxana Sandoval , Juana del Valle-Mendoza","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Cocirculation of Oropouche virus (OROV) with other endemic pathogens means coinfections can occur. This study aimed to characterize viral and bacterial coinfections in OROV-positive patients, evaluating their clinical features and exploring the impact on hospital stay and antibiotic use across different infection groups.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional study in an eastern Peruvian Amazon region among patients with acute febrile illness who tested positive for OROV. Patients were stratified into five groups: OROV monoinfection, OROV + dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2): American/Asian II coinfection, OROV + <em>Rickettsia</em> coinfection, OROV + <em>Leptospira</em> coinfection, and a control group of OROV-negative febrile patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 75 patients were included. Patients with OROV + <em>Leptospira</em> coinfection had the longest mean hospital stay (6.00 SD 1.40). Empirical antibiotic use at admission varied by group (overall 7/75, 9.3%). However, only two cases (both OROV + <em>Leptospira</em>) had appropriate antibiotic coverage for the confirmed pathogen. In all coinfected groups, there was frequent discordance between initial antibiotic treatment and the etiologic agent.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Coinfection with <em>Leptospira</em> was associated with a longer length of hospital stay and was the only scenario in which empiric antibiotic therapy aligned with the true etiology. OROV monoinfections and viral coinfections (with DENV-2 American/Asian II) showed similar clinical profiles, underscoring that routine clinical assessment alone cannot readily distinguish these infections or coinfections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100802"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100759
Yacouba Cissoko , Amavi Essenam Akakpo Alle , Mamadou Sima , Aliou Bina Diarra , Ezéchiel Djokdelna Gandaye , Sounkalo Dao
Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), a neglected parasitic genital infection, is a major public health problem for reproductive health in areas where schistosomiasis is endemic. The diagnosis is challenging while mimicking other cervical pathologies. We report here a case of chronic bilharzia cervicitis diagnosed through anatomical pathology examination and successfully treated with praziquantel after the patient underwent several treatments for conditions that were confused with FGS.
{"title":"A case of chronic bilharzia endocervicitis, mimicking cervix dysplasia, in sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Yacouba Cissoko , Amavi Essenam Akakpo Alle , Mamadou Sima , Aliou Bina Diarra , Ezéchiel Djokdelna Gandaye , Sounkalo Dao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), a neglected parasitic genital infection, is a major public health problem for reproductive health in areas where schistosomiasis is endemic. The diagnosis is challenging while mimicking other cervical pathologies. We report here a case of chronic bilharzia cervicitis diagnosed through anatomical pathology examination and successfully treated with praziquantel after the patient underwent several treatments for conditions that were confused with FGS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100785
Carelene Lakhan , Neela Badrie , Adash Ramsubhag , Vrijesh Tripathi , Ram Bajpai , Lisa Indar
Objectives
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) remains a major public health and economic concern globally, including in Trinidad and Tobago, where one in ten residents is affected annually. Therefore, this study aimed to assess, for the first time, AGE trends from 2006 to 2023, focusing on demographic, seasonal, and geographic factors to guide targeted public health strategies.
Methods
AGE surveillance data from 2006 to 2023, comprising all individuals presenting to any public healthcare facility in Trinidad and Tobago with AGE (defined as more than three watery stools within 24 hours), were obtained from the National Epidemiology Unit. Data were managed in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Genstat 19 and Joinpoint Regression Program. Background characteristics were summarized descriptively using mean (SD) and frequencies. Trend analysis was performed while accounting for age group, month, year, season, and county to evaluate temporal and spatial variations in AGE incidence.
Results
Between 2006 and 2023, a total of 353,269 AGE-related healthcare visits were recorded, with the highest burden in 2010 and the lowest in 2022. Overall, AGE incidence followed four phases: a decline (2006-2015, annual percent change [APC] −2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]), an increase (2015-2018, APC 5.84, 95% CI), a sharp decline (2018-2021, APC −36.07, 95% CI), and a rebound increase (2021-2023, APC 43.26, 95% CI). By age group, AGE incidence declined in children under 5 years between 2010 and 2018 (APC −51.04, 95% CI), while in individuals aged 5 years and older, it decreased slightly from 2006 to 2015 (APC −1.11, 95% CI). Analysis by season showed different trends: in the dry season, there was an increase from 2015 to 2018 (APC 66.73, 95% CI), while in the wet season, there was a decrease from 2010 to 2018 (APC –24.00, 95% CI). Both wet and dry seasons also exhibited sharp declines during 2018-2021. Residents within the counties of Nariva, St. Patrick, Victoria, and Caroni recorded higher AGE incidence compared to other counties.
Conclusions
The findings indicate higher AGE burdens across specific counties, variations in incidence between wet and dry seasons, and differences among age groups over the period 2006-2023, highlighting the need for age- and region-specific interventions, particularly in rural areas and during high-risk seasons. These results underscore the importance of enhanced AGE surveillance and the implementation of targeted public health measures in Trinidad and Tobago.
{"title":"Acute gastroenteritis in Trinidad and Tobago: identifying trend by season, geography, and demographics from 2006 to 2023","authors":"Carelene Lakhan , Neela Badrie , Adash Ramsubhag , Vrijesh Tripathi , Ram Bajpai , Lisa Indar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) remains a major public health and economic concern globally, including in Trinidad and Tobago, where one in ten residents is affected annually. Therefore, this study aimed to assess, for the first time, AGE trends from 2006 to 2023, focusing on demographic, seasonal, and geographic factors to guide targeted public health strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>AGE surveillance data from 2006 to 2023, comprising all individuals presenting to any public healthcare facility in Trinidad and Tobago with AGE (defined as more than three watery stools within 24 hours), were obtained from the National Epidemiology Unit. Data were managed in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Genstat 19 and Joinpoint Regression Program. Background characteristics were summarized descriptively using mean (SD) and frequencies. Trend analysis was performed while accounting for age group, month, year, season, and county to evaluate temporal and spatial variations in AGE incidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Between 2006 and 2023, a total of 353,269 AGE-related healthcare visits were recorded, with the highest burden in 2010 and the lowest in 2022. Overall, AGE incidence followed four phases: a decline (2006-2015, annual percent change [APC] −2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]), an increase (2015-2018, APC 5.84, 95% CI), a sharp decline (2018-2021, APC −36.07, 95% CI), and a rebound increase (2021-2023, APC 43.26, 95% CI). By age group, AGE incidence declined in children under 5 years between 2010 and 2018 (APC −51.04, 95% CI), while in individuals aged 5 years and older, it decreased slightly from 2006 to 2015 (APC −1.11, 95% CI). Analysis by season showed different trends: in the dry season, there was an increase from 2015 to 2018 (APC 66.73, 95% CI), while in the wet season, there was a decrease from 2010 to 2018 (APC –24.00, 95% CI). Both wet and dry seasons also exhibited sharp declines during 2018-2021. Residents within the counties of Nariva, St. Patrick, Victoria, and Caroni recorded higher AGE incidence compared to other counties.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings indicate higher AGE burdens across specific counties, variations in incidence between wet and dry seasons, and differences among age groups over the period 2006-2023, highlighting the need for age- and region-specific interventions, particularly in rural areas and during high-risk seasons. These results underscore the importance of enhanced AGE surveillance and the implementation of targeted public health measures in Trinidad and Tobago.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100737
Jack Ogony , Judith Mangeni , George Ayodo , Diana Menya , Ivy Akinyi , Ben Oyugi , Arthy Yongo , Fordrane Okumu , Charles Lwanga , Fredrick Oluoch , Simon Karanja
Objectives
To determine correlation and epidemiological distribution of emerging coinfections of Plasmodium falciparum and dengue fever among febrile children in malaria endemic zones in western Kenya.
Methods
Prospective cohort study. This study was conducted in Kisumu and Busia Counties in western Kenya. Kisumu County is an urban setting, whereas Busia has peri-urban and rural settings. All the level 2-4 public health facilities in Kisumu central subcounty and Bunyala subcounty in Busia were included. The number of participants recruited per facility was based on the facility level proportions. From each facility level, 18 and 19 participants were recruited in Kisumu and Busia, respectively. A total of 380 febrile children aged below 5 years who screened positive for malaria and/or dengue virus and whose parents/guardians gave consent to participate were recruited. Demographic parameters were simultaneously analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test.
Results
Of the 1004 participants screened, 380 turned seropositive for either malaria or dengue or coinfected. The overall disease burden was 37.8% (380 of 1004). The prevalence of P. falciparum, dengue and coinfections were 21.4% (215 of 1004), 8.9% (90 of 1004), and 7.5% (75 of 1004), respectively. Busia had the highest P. falciparum–only infections (31% [118 of 380]), whereas Kisumu had the highest dengue-only infections (16.6% [63 of 380]). The distribution of these diseases was not random across the counties but rather associated with the location (X² = 19.45, P <0.001). At the county level, differences in prevalence were statistically significant for dengue (P = 0.038) and malaria (P <0.001).
Conclusion
This study finding is suggestive of an active spread of dengue virus infections, leading to coinfections in this geographical region where malaria is endemic. The high temperatures, precipitation, and humidity experienced around Lake Victoria is favoring mosquito vector multiplication, hence the sustained mosquito transmitted disease burden. It is also important to educate clinicians on the differential diagnoses for appropriate case management because the disease patterns vary meaningfully between the two study sites.
{"title":"Correlation and epidemiologic distribution of emerging coinfections of Plasmodium falciparum and dengue virus among febrile children in malaria-endemic zones in western Kenya","authors":"Jack Ogony , Judith Mangeni , George Ayodo , Diana Menya , Ivy Akinyi , Ben Oyugi , Arthy Yongo , Fordrane Okumu , Charles Lwanga , Fredrick Oluoch , Simon Karanja","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine correlation and epidemiological distribution of emerging coinfections of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> and dengue fever among febrile children in malaria endemic zones in western Kenya.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Prospective cohort study. This study was conducted in Kisumu and Busia Counties in western Kenya. Kisumu County is an urban setting, whereas Busia has peri-urban and rural settings. All the level 2-4 public health facilities in Kisumu central subcounty and Bunyala subcounty in Busia were included. The number of participants recruited per facility was based on the facility level proportions. From each facility level, 18 and 19 participants were recruited in Kisumu and Busia, respectively. A total of 380 febrile children aged below 5 years who screened positive for malaria and/or dengue virus and whose parents/guardians gave consent to participate were recruited. Demographic parameters were simultaneously analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 1004 participants screened, 380 turned seropositive for either malaria or dengue or coinfected. The overall disease burden was 37.8% (380 of 1004). The prevalence of <em>P. falciparum</em>, dengue and coinfections were 21.4% (215 of 1004), 8.9% (90 of 1004), and 7.5% (75 of 1004), respectively. Busia had the highest <em>P. falciparum–</em>only infections (31% [118 of 380]), whereas Kisumu had the highest dengue-only infections (16.6% [63 of 380]). The distribution of these diseases was not random across the counties but rather associated with the location (X² = 19.45, <em>P</em> <0.001). At the county level, differences in prevalence were statistically significant for dengue (<em>P</em> = 0.038) and malaria (<em>P</em> <0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study finding is suggestive of an active spread of dengue virus infections, leading to coinfections in this geographical region where malaria is endemic. The high temperatures, precipitation, and humidity experienced around Lake Victoria is favoring mosquito vector multiplication, hence the sustained mosquito transmitted disease burden. It is also important to educate clinicians on the differential diagnoses for appropriate case management because the disease patterns vary meaningfully between the two study sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100737"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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