IJID regions最新文献

{"title":"Co-infection of human papillomavirus genotypes and Epstein-Barr virus in tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx: a retrospective study in Northeastern Mexico","authors":"Gerardo del Carmen Palacios-Saucedo ,&nbsp;Jose Manuel Vazquez-Guillen ,&nbsp;Alondra Yamileth Alanis-Valdez ,&nbsp;Leticia Lizeth Valdez-Treviño ,&nbsp;Luis Roberto Galindo-Mendez ,&nbsp;Angel Zavala-Pompa ,&nbsp;Lydia Guadalupe Rivera-Morales ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Martinez-Torres ,&nbsp;Roberto Lopez-Vazquez ,&nbsp;Edmundo Erbey Castelan-Maldonado ,&nbsp;Julia Angelina Saenz-Frias ,&nbsp;Silvia Judith Hernandez-Martinez ,&nbsp;Adrian Moncada-Hernandez ,&nbsp;Reyes S. Tamez-Guerra ,&nbsp;Cristina Rodriguez-Padilla","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genotyping of human papillomavirus (HPV) and to assess co-infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers (OC and OPC) specimens from patients at a tertiary care hospital in Northeastern Mexico.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from 41 patients with OC and OPC were evaluated. HPV detection and genotyping were performed using the Ampliquality HPV-Type Express kit. EBV DNA detection was carried out by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HPV DNA was detected in 14 (34.1%) specimens, with a higher prevalence in OC (78.6%) compared with OPC (21.4%). HPV-16 was the most frequently identified genotype (92.9%), found as a single infection in 53.8% of cases and co-infection with other genotypes in 46.2%. EBV DNA was detected in six (14.6%) specimens, with OC being the most common site. Co-infection with HPV and EBV was observed in only one case. Statistical significance was found between HPV infection and smoking history (<em>p</em> = 0.020) and between EBV infection and patient age (<em>p</em> = 0.026).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results reveal a higher prevalence of HPV infection in OC compared with OPC, with HPV-16 being the predominant genotype. HPV-positive cases were predominantly found in older male patients. Thus, expanding HPV vaccination to broader populations could potentially impact cancer incidence. EBV co-infection with HPV was infrequent, and further research is needed to fully understand the role of these viruses in OC and OPC development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of measles clusters/outbreaks during 2016-2017 in Oman","authors":"Prakash Kurubarahalli Patel ,&nbsp;Bader Al-Rawahi ,&nbsp;Noura Al-Farsi ,&nbsp;Samira Al-Mahruqi ,&nbsp;Aisha Al-Busaidy ,&nbsp;Seif Al-Abri ,&nbsp;Amal Al-Maani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The epidemiology of measles in Oman has shown a decreasing trend since the introduction of vaccines with high coverage, even at the district level. Oman achieved elimination status in 2019. Currently, measles epidemiology is characterized by a small number of imported and importation-related cases with limited spread in the community. The main aim of the study is to describe the epidemiology of major measles outbreaks in Oman during 2016-2017.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study involved a descriptive case-based record review of the national surveillance database for fever and rash illness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 231 measles cases were reported during 2016-2017. Of the reported cases, 209 (90.5%) were laboratory-confirmed, 16 (6.9%) were clinically compatible, and six (2.6%) were epidemiologically linked cases. There were 10 clusters/outbreaks comprising 191 cases (185 laboratory-confirmed cases and six epidemiologically linked to a confirmed case) in various governorates of Oman during 2016-2017. The study population had a mean age of 11.4 years, ranging from 0.2 to 55 years across the outbreaks. The median age was 9 months. Approximately 50.7% of the cases involved infants aged ≤12 months, who were not yet eligible for measles vaccination. The second most affected age group were individuals aged 20-35 years. The largest and the longest cluster during 2016-2017 occurred in Dhofar and Sharqiyah, involving 90 cases attributed to genotype B3, which lasted for 32 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Multiple small outbreaks occurred simultaneously but were too brief to allow any particular genotype to establish itself as an endemic strain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Norovirus-associated diarrhea and asymptomatic infection in children aged under 4 years: a community-cohort study in the Philippines","authors":"Chuyao Yu ,&nbsp;Maria Carmen A. Corpuz ,&nbsp;Joseph M. Bonifacio ,&nbsp;Makiko Kishi ,&nbsp;Takeaki Imamura ,&nbsp;Yusuke Sayama ,&nbsp;Mariko Saito-Obata ,&nbsp;Clyde Dapat ,&nbsp;Michiko Okamoto ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Oshitani ,&nbsp;Mayuko Saito","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to estimate the incidence of norovirus (NoV)-associated diarrhea and asymptomatic infections in children under 4 years of age and identify the genotypes of multiple NoV infections.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A community-based cohort study was conducted in Tarlac, Philippines. Children aged 0-2 years were followed up for 2 years. The prevalence and incidence rates of NoV-associated diarrhea and asymptomatic infections were calculated. Risk factors were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model. The genotypes and immunotypes of repeated infections were tabulated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 338 children aged 6208 child-months were analyzed. NoV was detected in 17.4% (84 of 527, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.7-19.7%) of diarrheal episodes and 10.8% (219 of 2031, 95% CI: 9.4-12.3%) of asymptomatic stool samples. The highest incidence of NoV-associated diarrhea occurred in children aged 6-11 months (2.31 per 100 child-months, 95% CI: 1.30-3.32) and 18-23 months (2.34 per 100 child-months, 95% CI: 1.57-3.12), whereas the highest incidence of asymptomatic NoV infection was observed in children aged 12-23 months (4.49 per 100 child-months, 95% CI: 3.41-5.56). Repeated NoV infections were detected between different genotypes, except in two children who had repeated NoV GI.3 and two children with GI.9 infections.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Children had the highest risk of NoV-associated diarrhea during their first year of life, whereas asymptomatic NoV infections persisted after the second year. Repeated NoV infections suggest genotype-specific immunity after NoV infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma zinc and selenium levels in adult inpatients with Lassa fever in Nigeria: A case-controlled study","authors":"Ebenezer Oseremen Dic-Ijiewere ,&nbsp;Danny Asogun ,&nbsp;Festus Oloruntoba Okojie ,&nbsp;Adoghe Patricia Omono ,&nbsp;Okpunu Eseoleleti Christopher ,&nbsp;Adam Zumla ,&nbsp;Rizwan Ahmed ,&nbsp;Faith Unuabonah Huemomen ,&nbsp;Joseph Okoeguale ,&nbsp;Cyril Erameh ,&nbsp;Ephraim Ogbainin ,&nbsp;Sylvanus Okogbenin ,&nbsp;Reuben Eifediyi ,&nbsp;Linzy Elton ,&nbsp;Isobella Honeyborne ,&nbsp;John Tembo ,&nbsp;Francine Ntoumi ,&nbsp;Najmul Haider ,&nbsp;Timothy D. McHugh ,&nbsp;Alimuddin Zumla","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Lassa fever (LF), a viral hemorrhagic disease endemic to West Africa, carries a high mortality. Scanty studies indicate that micronutrients may play a role in immunity to LF. We performed a case-controlled study to evaluate plasma zinc and selenium levels in hospitalized patients with LF.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional controlled study of adults with confirmed LF and healthy controls presenting to the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, was performed between January and April 2023. After informed consent, blood samples were obtained, and LF was confirmed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Plasma zinc and selenium levels in plasma were measured using the AA500 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0, comparing zinc, selenium, urea, and blood urea nitrogen levels of patients with LF and healthy control patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We enrolled 124 patients: 64 patients with LF and 60 healthy controls. There was no difference in mean age (37.6 years vs 35.2 years, <em>P</em> = 0.10) and gender (male 53% vs 56%, <em>P</em> = 0.82). Mean plasma zinc levels were significantly lower in patients with LF (0.97 mg/ml, SD = 0.12) compared with controls (1.85 mg/ml, SD = 0.13; <em>P</em> &lt;0.0001). A consistent depletion of zinc levels was seen across the moderately severe cases (n = 28) and severe cases (36 cases) compared with healthy controls (0.97 ± 0.19 vs 0.96 ± 0.10, <em>P</em> = 0001). Plasma selenium levels were also significantly lower in patients with LF (mean: 76.80 ng/ml, SD: 6.66, % coefficient of variation: 8.67) compared with controls (mean: 93.10 ng/ml, SD: 12.46, % coefficient of variation: 13.38) (<em>P</em> = 0.008). Selenium levels in severe LF cases were 73.47 ± 14.68 and 80.98 ± 18.60 in moderately severe cases (<em>P</em> = 0.26).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Significantly low levels of zinc and selenium were observed in patients with LF compared with healthy controls, suggesting a role in susceptibility and pathogenesis. Given that zinc and selenium are essential trace elements for optimal functioning of the immune system, they may play a role in improving management outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100553"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active tuberculosis among patients with presumptive tuberculosis with chronic kidney disease in a high tuberculosis burden country, Ethiopia: a multi-center study","authors":"Ayinalem Alemu ,&nbsp;Getu Diriba ,&nbsp;Getachew Seid ,&nbsp;Amanuel Wondimu ,&nbsp;Shewki Moga ,&nbsp;Gemechu Tadesse ,&nbsp;Bizuwork Haile ,&nbsp;Nega Berhe ,&nbsp;Solomon H Mariam ,&nbsp;Balako Gumi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess tuberculosis (TB) and associated factors among patients with presumptive TB with chronic kidney disease (CKD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2023 among 381 patients with CKD attending six hospitals found in five regions of Ethiopia. Sputum and urine specimens were collected and examined for TB using smear microscopy, culture, and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were executed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>More than half (206, 54.1%) were male, with a mean age of 45.08 years. A total of 94.0% (358) were pre-dialysis patients with CKD, and 90% (343) had additional comorbidity. TB was detected in 12.9% (49), with 10.5% (40) bacteriologically confirmed and 2.4% (9) clinically diagnosed TB. Previous or current cigarette smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]; 2.82), decreased appetite (aOR; 5.97), night sweats (aOR; 2.21), diabetes comorbidity (aOR; 3.01), positive dipstick albuminuria (aOR; 5.55), less than 1-year follow-up in the renal unit (aOR; 9.49), body mass index &lt;18.5 kg/m² (aOR; 6.69), and hemodialysis (aOR; 4.41) were all associated with TB.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>TB is a substantial cause of morbidity among patients with CKD in Ethiopia, necessitating programmatic intervention. Thus, active TB screening and surveillance among patients with CKD in Ethiopia is important.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transitions through the HIV continuum of care in people enrolling in care with advanced HIV disease in Latin America","authors":"Pablo F. Belaunzarán-Zamudio ,&nbsp;Peter F. Rebeiro ,&nbsp;Yanink Caro-Vega ,&nbsp;Jessica Castilho ,&nbsp;Brenda E. Crabtree-Ramírez ,&nbsp;Carina Cesar ,&nbsp;Claudia P. Cortes ,&nbsp;Fernando Mejía ,&nbsp;Marco Tulio Luque ,&nbsp;Vanessa Rouzier ,&nbsp;Guilherme Calvet ,&nbsp;Catherine C. McGowan ,&nbsp;Juan Sierra - Madero","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Advanced HIV disease (AHD) at HIV care enrollment is common in Latin America and may bias cross-sectional care continuum estimates. We therefore explored the impact of AHD on HIV care continuum outcomes using a longitudinal approach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed trajectories of 26,174 adult people with HIV enrolled at Caribbean, Central and South America network for HIV epidemiology (CCASAnet) sites (2003-2019) using multi-state Cox regression across five stages: (i) enrolled without antiretroviral therapy (no-ART); (ii) on ART without viral suppression (viral load ≥200 copies/m; ART + non-VS); (iii) on ART with viral suppression (viral load &lt;200 copies/ml; ART + VS); (iv) lost to follow-up; (v) death. We defined AHD as clusters of differentiation 4+ count &lt;200 cells/µl and/or an AIDS-defining illness at enrollment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>People with HIV with AHD had a shorter time with no-ART, a similar time ART + non-VS, but less time ART + VS before 2013 than non-AHD. After 2013, time with no-ART decreased but the 5-year probability of transitioning from no-ART to ART + VS decreased in both groups. The time spent virally suppressed while in care was low, overall. Risk of loss to follow-up and death was persistently worse among adults with AHD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Using a longitudinal approach to assess the HIV continuum of care provided insight into limitations in HIV care provision in our region previously underexplained by cross-sectional assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of the 2023-2024 Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic in adults, Southeast France","authors":"Anna Wolski ,&nbsp;Sophie Edouard ,&nbsp;Barbara Melo ,&nbsp;Philippe Lavrard ,&nbsp;Sébastien Cortaredona ,&nbsp;Justine Punturo ,&nbsp;Aurélia Bordais ,&nbsp;Sami Hraiech ,&nbsp;Florence Fenollar ,&nbsp;Jean-Christophe Lagier ,&nbsp;Nadim Cassir","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Analysis of current 2023-2024 <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</em> (Mp) infection characteristics in adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective case series analysis was performed on <em>Mp</em> polymerase chain reaction-positive adult patients admitted to the University Hospital of Marseille from April 2017 to June 2024. Clinical presentations, treatments, and outcomes were assessed. We compared the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of <em>Mp</em> infections between 2017 and 2022 with the current epidemic.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Clinical and radiological characteristics and outcomes of patients with <em>Mp</em> infection did not differ significantly between the current epidemic (N = 108) and the 5 previous years (N = 94), except that patients in the current epidemic required less supplemental oxygen (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.48 [0.29-0.78]) and were less likely to present with fever on admission (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.22 [0.10-0.47]). In both periods, more than half of the patients hospitalized with <em>Mp</em> infection required supportive oxygen therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>During the current 2023-2024 epidemic, more hospital admissions for <em>Mp</em> infection in adults were observed at the University Hospital of Marseille than in the previous 5 years. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with <em>Mp</em> infection did not differ significantly. In our cohort, <em>Mp</em> infection was often severe, regardless of the study period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to plasma viral load in people living with HIV under treatment in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso","authors":"Ismaël Diallo ,&nbsp;Maurice Sarigda ,&nbsp;Eric A. Diendere ,&nbsp;Abdoulaye Sawadogo ,&nbsp;Abdoul G.A. Ouedraogo ,&nbsp;Jacques Zoungrana ,&nbsp;Mamoudou Savadogo ,&nbsp;Smaïla Ouedraogo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Less than 25% of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) achieved plasma viral load (PVL) in 2020 in Burkina Faso. This study aimed to identify factors associated with access to PVL in Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among PLWHIV in Burkina Faso between April 15 and August 8, 2022. The proportion of PLWHIV with PVL after at least 6 months of treatment was calculated, and the associated factors were determined by logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 308 PLWHIV were included in the study; 64.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 58.3-71.5) of PLWHIVs had PVL, 66.2% (95% CI 52.1-80.3) among men. Therapeutic education on the importance of PVL was associated with a 1.79-fold increase in the chance of achieving PVL (adjusted odds ratio [ORa] 2.32, 95% CI 1.42-3.78, <em>P</em> = 0.01). Also, a PLWHIV followed at the medical center with a surgical antenna has a 31% chance of achieving PVL.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Access to PVL is not optimal in Burkina Faso. Efforts must therefore be made to strengthen therapeutic education for PLWHIV and mobilize more associations in favor of this essential examination for the follow-up of patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100517"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing mini bronchoalveolar lavage and endotracheal aspirate in diagnosing bacterial pneumonia in the intensive care unit","authors":"Abdul Rehman Azam,&nbsp;Fakhir Raza Haidri,&nbsp;Ali Nadeem,&nbsp;Sumera Imran,&nbsp;Nazia Arain,&nbsp;Maheen Fahim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment, but lower respiratory tract sampling techniques vary in sensitivity and specificity. This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of endotracheal aspirate (ETA) with mini bronchoalveolar lavage (mBAL) in detecting bacterial pneumonia in intubated patients, assessing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of ETA against mBAL, the gold standard.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the ICU of Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan, over 7 months. Adult patients on mechanical ventilation with suspected or confirmed pneumonia were included. Both mBAL and ETA samples were collected under strict aseptic conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 120 patients, 112 paired samples were analyzed. ETA exhibited a sensitivity of 81.1%, specificity of 92.1%, PPV of 95.2%, and NPV of 71.4%, with an overall accuracy of 84.8%. The most commonly isolated pathogens were <em>Acinetobacter</em> and <em>Klebsiella</em>. No serious adverse events occurred.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ETA is a cost-effective and reliable alternative to mBAL for diagnosing bacterial pneumonia in intubated ICU patients, but clinicians should carefully interpret negative results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Abbott Alinity m and Qiagen Artus assays for the quantification of BK virus in clinical samples","authors":"Honorine Fenaux,&nbsp;Eric Marchadier,&nbsp;Alexandra Champagne,&nbsp;Corinne Prégermain,&nbsp;Lina Mouna","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>BK virus (BKV) is highly seroprevalent in humans. After primary infection, it remains latent in the urinary tract and can reactivate in immunocompromised individuals, leading to interstitial nephropathy or hemorrhagic cystitis. The BKV viral load (VL) in plasma correlates with the occurrence of nephropathy and can be monitored in kidney graft recipients; the early detection of BKV viremia can enable an early reduction of immunosuppressant drug doses and the prevention of BKV-associated nephropathy. BKV VL is measured using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Our aim was to evaluate the Abbott Alinity m BKV AMPL kit versus the Artus BKV quantification kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We compared the methods on 69 plasma samples, 54 urine samples, and 12 external quality control samples. To assess analytical sensitivity, serial dilutions of internal control were also tested.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Specificity reached 100%. Fifty-seven of the 59 plasma samples were found to be positive (sensitivity: 96.6%), as were 46 of the 48 urine samples (sensitivity: 95.8%). In quantifiable samples, the VL was correlated with the findings on plasma (r = 0.965) and urine samples (r = 0.971). The mean differences were 0.78 log₁₀ and 0.28 log₁₀ in plasma and urine samples, respectively. A comparison of the BKV VL in external quality control samples produced a correlation coefficient of 0.930 and a mean difference of 0.07 log₁₀ IU/ml. The calculated analytical sensitivity was 15 IU/ml with 95% probability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Alinity m BKV AMPL kit is compatible with diagnostic use and can be used in a “random-access” manner, thus reducing the time between sampling and the results being available to clinicians.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11745809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}