IJID regions最新文献

{"title":"Navigating Candidemia in a tertiary hospital: A 4-year epidemiologic and clinical review","authors":"Chadi Hage Chehade ,&nbsp;Bassem Habr ,&nbsp;Carine Harmouche ,&nbsp;May Fakhoury ,&nbsp;Nabil Chehata ,&nbsp;Hassan Choker ,&nbsp;Christian Haddad ,&nbsp;Issam Daou ,&nbsp;Zeina Bou Chebl ,&nbsp;Racha Eid ,&nbsp;Elie Haddad","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study describes the epidemiology, risk factors, therapeutic management, antifungal resistance patterns, and clinical outcomes of candidemia in hospitalized patients. It also examines predictors of 30-day mortality and factors associated with <em>Candida albicans</em> (CA) vs non-<em>albicans Candida</em> (NCA) infections.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective review was conducted at a tertiary care center in Lebanon (2017-2021). Clinical, microbiological, and treatment data were extracted from medical records. Statistical analyses were performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality and the occurrence of CA vs NCA species.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 98 candidemia episodes in 93 patients were analyzed. CA and NCA species were equally represented (50% each). Resistance was highest to fluconazole and itraconazole (7.3%). The 30-day mortality rate was 38.8%. Factors significantly associated with increased mortality included intensive care unit admission (odds ratio [OR] 7.42), chronic renal failure (OR 7.29), dialysis (OR 7.28), mechanical ventilation (OR 4.71), and central venous catheters (OR 10.91). Catheter removal was protective (OR 0.205, <em>P</em> = 0.002). NCA infections were associated with dyslipidemia (OR 3.33) and multiple previous hospitalizations (OR 3.65).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Antifungal resistance remains relatively low in this cohort; however, candidemia continues to carry a high mortality rate. Optimizing management through adherence to international guidelines and specialist oversight is essential to improve outcomes and address the diverse clinical presentations of CA and NCA infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100864"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of COVID-19 outbreak size in elderly residential facilities in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, April to June 2022","authors":"Yining S Xu ,&nbsp;Yusuke Shimakawa ,&nbsp;Gerardo Chowell ,&nbsp;Ryota Matsuyama ,&nbsp;Tetsuharu Nagamoto ,&nbsp;Ryosuke Omori ,&nbsp;Takashi Nakamura ,&nbsp;Toru Itokazu ,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Takayama ,&nbsp;Kenji Mizumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div><em>:</em> COVID-19 outbreaks in residential facilities for the elderly can have severe consequences; however, effective preventive strategies remain under-evaluated. This study aimed to identify actionable, facility-level factors associated with outbreak size in such facilities in Okinawa, Japan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>:</em> We conducted a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study of 78 residential facilities for the elderly that experienced confirmed COVID-19 outbreaks between April and June 2022. Facility-level data on infection-control practices, outbreak characteristics, and staff testing approaches were analyzed using negative binomial regression models to quantify factors associated with outbreak size.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>:</em> Outbreaks detected via contact-based testing of staff were significantly smaller than those detected through routine staff reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction screening (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03-0.37). Resident mask-wearing was associated with smaller outbreak sizes (aRR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.16-0.99). Routine screening identified only 16.7% of staff index cases despite being widely implemented, suggesting limitations in effectiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>:</em> Risk-based, exposure-driven testing appears markedly more effective than fixed-interval screening for limiting outbreak size in residential facilities for the elderly. Implementation should consider both operational feasibility and support systems for frontline staff.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100813"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agreement and systematic bias between QuantiFERON chemiluminescent immunoassay and QuantiFERON enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the detection of latent tuberculosis infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Felix Bongomin ,&nbsp;Ivaan Pitua ,&nbsp;Phillip Ssekamatte ,&nbsp;Diana Sitenda ,&nbsp;Irene Andia-Biraro ,&nbsp;Bwambale Jonani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Objectives: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)–based QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus ELISA) testing is associated with manual variability and indeterminate results. The transition from QFT-Plus ELISA to chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) for QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus CLIA) testing represents a significant methodological evolution that requires comprehensive evaluation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess method agreement, characterize systematic bias patterns, evaluate clinical concordance between DiaSorin's QFT-Plus CLIA and QIAGEN's (QFT-Plus ELISA) methodologies, and determine sources of heterogeneity across diverse populations for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) detection.</div><div>Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases from January 2019 to January 2025 for studies comparing QFT-Plus CLIA and QFT-Plus ELISA methodologies for LTBI detection. Two reviewers independently screened the studies and assessed their quality using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. We conducted a meta-analysis of agreement measures using random-effects models, systematic bias characterization, meta-regression analysis of the sources of heterogeneity, and clinical subgroup analysis. Evidence certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251031884).</div><div>Results: A total of 16 studies comprising 4169 participants were included. A meta-analysis of 10 studies (n = 2932) revealed a substantial overall concordance of 88.76% (95% confidence interval [CI] 83.57-93.95). Among the seven studies with complete data to calculate positive and negative agreement measures (n = 1305), the pooled positive agreement was 91.3% (95% CI 88.95-93.65) and the negative agreement was 93.89% (95% CI 92.18-95.6). The comparative analysis revealed a mean discordance rate of 6.56% (range: 0.44-16.67%), with a weighted mean directional bias of +0.2% (showing minimal overall directional preference between platforms). Significant heterogeneity was observed (I² = 95.8%, <em>P</em> &lt;0.0001), and evidence certainty was rated “very low” due to methodological limitations.</div><div>Conclusions: Diasorin's QFT-Plus CLIA and QIAGEN's QFT-Plus ELISA demonstrated substantial overall agreement in detecting LTBI, with the strongest concordance for clearly positive and negative results. Laboratories implementing QFT-Plus CLIA platforms should consider verification studies, and future research should evaluate the clinical significance of discordant results and optimize interpretive algorithms for diverse epidemiologic settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100824"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Immunogenicity and safety of Biological E’s CORBEVAX™ vaccine as a heterologous booster dose in adult volunteers previously vaccinated with two doses of either COVISHIELD™ or COVAXIN: A Prospective double-blind randomised phase III clinical study’ [IJID Regions, volume 17 (2025) 100786]","authors":"Subhash Thuluva ,&nbsp;Vikram Paradkar ,&nbsp;SubbaReddy Gunneri ,&nbsp;Vijay Yerroju ,&nbsp;Rammohan Reddy Mogulla ,&nbsp;Kamal Thammireddy ,&nbsp;Siddalingaiah Ningaiah ,&nbsp;Chirag Dhar ,&nbsp;Akshay Binayke ,&nbsp;Aymaan Zaheer ,&nbsp;Amit Awasthi ,&nbsp;Shiva Narang ,&nbsp;Naveen Chander Reddy ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Pandey ,&nbsp;Chitta Sitaram Anjaneylu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100831","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100831"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carriage of multidrug-resistant bacteria and encoding genes among Vietnamese children with acute diarrhea","authors":"Xuan Duong Tran ,&nbsp;Thi Loi Dao ,&nbsp;Ndiaw Goumballa ,&nbsp;Trong Kiem Tran ,&nbsp;Thanh Binh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Duy Cuong Nguyen ,&nbsp;Pierre Marty ,&nbsp;Philippe Gautret","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial carriage and resistance-encoding genes in children with acute diarrhea.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective study was conducted from July 2020 to July 2021 in hospitalized children aged under 5 years. Stool samples were collected at hospital admission. MDR bacteria were identified by culture, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were assessed using the disk diffusion method, and resistance genes were investigated in isolates, using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Colistin resistance genes were also tested from stool samples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 451 children were included; 33.2% harbored at least one MDR bacteria and/or one colistin resistance genes. A total of 79 (17.6%) children were positive for at least one MDR pathogen by culture. A total of 100 isolates were identified, including 17 methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and 83 Enterobacteriaceae. <em>Escherichia coli</em> was the most common (11.8%), followed by <em>S. aureus</em> (3.8%) and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (2.7%). High resistance levels were observed in tested isolates: 94.8% to ceftriaxone, 77.1% to cefepime, 42.2% to piperacillin–tazobactam, and 19.3% to ertapenem. Among methicillin-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> isolates, 15 of 17 (88.2%) carried the <em>mecA</em> gene. Among Enterobacteriaceae, 73/83 (88.0%) carried <em>bla_CTX-M-A</em>, 49 (59.0%) had <em>bla_TEM</em>, 19 (22.9%) had <em>bla_SHV</em>, and six (7.2%) were positive for <em>bla_NDM</em>. In addition, 87 (19.3%) of 451 children carried at least one colistin resistance gene, with 10.9% of <em>mcr-1</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MDR bacterial carriage and resistance genes were frequently detected at hospital admission, reflecting community or previous health care–associated exposure rather than in-hospital antibiotic selection. These findings underscore the urgent need for strengthened antimicrobial stewardship, rational antibiotic use, improved infection control, and enhanced diagnostic capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100844"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Togo: first reported cases and implications for tuberculosis control","authors":"Maïssala Zoutené ,&nbsp;Akouvi Mawussé Edjodjinam Ako ,&nbsp;Koffi Atsu Aziagbe ,&nbsp;Narcisse Viani Gateu Tadjom ,&nbsp;Tété Amento Stéphane Adambounou ,&nbsp;Komi Séraphin Adjoh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The increasing burden of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) undermines global TB control efforts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a case series study conducted from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2024, in the Department of Pulmonology at Sylvanus Olympio University Teaching Hospital.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We report a series of three cases. Case 1: A 30-year-old man with a history of contact with an XDR-TB case was treated with a 20-month regimen. Culture conversion was achieved at the 3^rd month of treatment. A complication in the form of pyopneumothorax occurred during the 6^th month of therapy. Case 2: A 51-year-old patient with no significant medical history was diagnosed with XDR-TB after 4 months of treatment for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Conversion of follow-up cultures was achieved 2 months after modification of the treatment regimen. Case 3: A 62-year-old woman living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), previously treated for MDR-TB, developed XDR-TB during the course of treatment. The patient died on the 29th day of XDR-TB treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>XDR-TB is a curable disease. Early and accurate diagnosis allows for better selection of the most appropriate treatment strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100825"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health care worker–reported barriers and potential facilitators of acute lower respiratory infection care deliver for children at Mchinji District Hospital in Malawi","authors":"Shubhada Hooli ,&nbsp;Beatwil Zadutsa ,&nbsp;Everlisto Phiri ,&nbsp;Karina Hofstee ,&nbsp;Nichole Davis ,&nbsp;Eric D. McCollum ,&nbsp;Charles Makwenda ,&nbsp;Carina King","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We sought to understand barriers to high-quality hospital-based child acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) care at Mchinji District Hospital in Malawi.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In 2020, we conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) with clinical officers (COs) who provided direct clinical care after a half-day refresher course on pediatric ALRI case management. The underpinning research methodology of the FGDs was phenomenology, and they were analyzed using inductive and deductive thematic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We recruited 16 COs to participate in three FGDs. Five themes emerged: lack of confidence in ALRI diagnosis and management, high clinical burden with understaffing, dysfunctional team dynamics, limited physical resources, and the recognition of the importance of vital sign measurements despite barriers to practice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>COs shared several barriers and potential interventions to improve child ALRI care delivery. Some solutions were locally implementable, with minimal to modest cost, such as a program for continuing education, standard operating procedures during electricity outages, and posting of job aides. However, many of their suggestions require investments and commitment from the Malawian Ministry of Health to increase staffing capacity and improve the physical infrastructure and are, therefore, of undetermined feasibility. Future research should examine the impact of hospital layout and infrastructure, continuing education programs, and informal vital sign assistants on clinical care delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100848"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cystic echinococcosis in patients with leukemia: Clinical challenges and review of reported cases","authors":"Karel Santamaria-Leandro ,&nbsp;Bruno Guerrero-Arismendiz ,&nbsp;César Castro-Prado ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Pérez-Lazo ,&nbsp;Wilmer Silva-Caso","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2026.100840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) rarely coexists with hematologic malignancies. We report two Peruvian men with leukemia and CE.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>One patient had chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a hepatic CE2 cyst managed with albendazole and surgery before chemoimmunotherapy, and another patient had B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and prior hepatic and pulmonary CE treated with concurrent albendazole and induction chemotherapy. Both patients lived in endemic highland areas and had childhood exposure to dogs.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>A literature review identified only a few cases, mostly acute myeloid leukemia, and none from Latin America.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These cases highlight therapeutic dilemmas in balancing infection control and malignancy treatment, underscoring the need for tailored management strategies in endemic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100840"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical ocular bartonellosis: A case report","authors":"Kamena Mwana-Yile HASSAN ,&nbsp;Fatima IHBIBANE ,&nbsp;Mathilde OTSASSO ,&nbsp;Latifa MARIH","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To report a case of chorioretinitis without papilledema caused by <em>Bartonella henselae</em> in an immunocompetent patient.</div></div><div><h3>Observations</h3><div>A 27-year-old female patient with a history of multiple cat scratches presented on August 28, 2025, with a gradual decline in visual acuity in her right eye. This decline had been developing for 3 weeks following scratches from cats and was accompanied by a fever of 39°C. Optical coherence tomography revealed serous retinal detachment with associated epithelial detachment. Fluorescein angiography showed a hyperfluorescent perimacular focus in the superior temporal region, consistent with chorioretinitis characterized by star-shaped macular exudates, and there was no evidence of papilledema. HIV-1 and 2 serology was negative. Serum protein electrophoresis returned normal results, and the HbA1c level was 5.5%. Serology for <em>B. henselae</em> was positive (immunoglobulin [Ig]G and IgM) with titers greater than 1:1280 and 1:1200. The treatment plan included doxycycline (100 mg every 12 hours) for 6 weeks and rifampicin (300 mg every 12 hours) with corticosteroid therapy (1 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Fluorescein angiography conducted 6 weeks after treatment showed a hypofluorescent area in the superior temporal region of the macula, indicating that the star-shaped macular exudates had disappeared. The patient reported improved visual acuity, although they experienced slight blurred vision in the right eye.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ocular bartonellosis can lead to unusual eye damage, specifically chorioretinitis, even in the absence of papilledema.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100830"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on the HDV seroprevalence and genotype distribution among patients positive for HBsAg referred to a National Reference Laboratory in Cameroon between January 2019 and December 2020","authors":"Jacques Delors Toumansie Mfonkou ,&nbsp;Yacouba Foupouapouognigni ,&nbsp;Athenais Gerber ,&nbsp;Ségolène Brichler ,&nbsp;Frédéric Legal ,&nbsp;Abdou Fatawou Modiyinji ,&nbsp;Frederic Lissock ,&nbsp;Laure Ngono ,&nbsp;Boyomo Onana ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Gordien ,&nbsp;Richard Njouom","doi":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Cameroon is known to be endemic for hepatitis B virus infection, but available data on hepatitis delta virus (HDV) prevalence and genetic diversity are limited, inconsistent, and outdated. This study aimed to assess the current HDV prevalence and determine the HDV genotype distribution among patients positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Cameroon.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study examined patients positive for HBsAg from Cameroon’s 10 administrative regions. Anti-HDV antibodies and HDV viral load (VL) were tested using validated commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and HDV VL quantification assays. HDV genotypes were determined by the Sanger sequencing method, followed by phylogenetic analysis of the “HDV R0” genome region previously described.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 859 patients positive for HBsAg tested, 142 (16.5%) tested positive for anti-HDV, and HDV RNA was detected in 110 (77.5%) of them. The southern region of Cameroon had the highest infection rate. Notably, an undetectable hepatitis B virus VL was significantly associated with HDV infection (<em>P</em> &lt;0.001). Patients younger than 15 years were the least infected (10%). Five genotypes—HDV-1 (the more prevalent, 83.6%), HDV-5, HDV-6, HDV-7, and HDV-8—were found in the studied population.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Cameroon remains an endemic country for HDV, exhibiting high prevalence, remarkable regional distribution, and wide genetic diversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73335,"journal":{"name":"IJID regions","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100834"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}