Pub Date : 2018-08-15DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.1000163
Gouvêa Ma, D. Lg, Kaiser Junior Rl, Liedtke Kaiser Fs, L. Crivelin, Z. Ij, Dennis Mf, T. Casella
Introduction: The literature shows a bimodal incidence of Crohn's disease in relation to age, with peaks from 15-40 and from 50-80 years and more women have Crohn's disease than men. Clinical studies have shown a direct correlation of vitamin D deficiency with Crohn's disease. Objective: Using a systematic review, the objective of this study was to identify the main correlations and outcomes of clinical studies about vitamin D in Crohn's disease. Methods: Following the rules for systematic reviews (PRISMA), the key search terms used were Crohn’s disease, vitamin D, clinical studies, immunotherapy and quality of life. After applying exclusion criteria, 117 articles were included and discussed in this study. Conclusion: The prevalence of low serum vitamin D levels has been demonstrated in patients suffering from Crohn's disease. However, further studies that are more comprehensive are still needed, in particular investigations that aim to evaluate the effects of serum vitamin D levels on clinical treatment and the effects of vitamin D supplementation on disease activity and mucosal healing. Thus, it may be possible to optimize the treatment of Crohn's disease patients thereby improving their quality of life.
{"title":"Major Considerations and Outcomes of Clinical Studies on Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Crohn’s Disease: Systematic Review","authors":"Gouvêa Ma, D. Lg, Kaiser Junior Rl, Liedtke Kaiser Fs, L. Crivelin, Z. Ij, Dennis Mf, T. Casella","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.1000163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.1000163","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The literature shows a bimodal incidence of Crohn's disease in relation to age, with peaks from 15-40 and from 50-80 years and more women have Crohn's disease than men. Clinical studies have shown a direct correlation of vitamin D deficiency with Crohn's disease. \u0000 \u0000Objective: Using a systematic review, the objective of this study was to identify the main correlations and outcomes of clinical studies about vitamin D in Crohn's disease. \u0000 \u0000Methods: Following the rules for systematic reviews (PRISMA), the key search terms used were Crohn’s disease, vitamin D, clinical studies, immunotherapy and quality of life. After applying exclusion criteria, 117 articles were included and discussed in this study. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of low serum vitamin D levels has been demonstrated in patients suffering from Crohn's disease. However, further studies that are more comprehensive are still needed, in particular investigations that aim to evaluate the effects of serum vitamin D levels on clinical treatment and the effects of vitamin D supplementation on disease activity and mucosal healing. Thus, it may be possible to optimize the treatment of Crohn's disease patients thereby improving their quality of life.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41779251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-16DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580-C1-014
J. Baselga
Methods: Genomic, transcriptomics, and proteomics profiling was done on cetuximab-sensitive (CetuxSen) and resistant tumor (CetuxRes) lesions obtained from a patient who had an exceptionally good response to cetuximab monotherapy. Immunohistochemisty, FISH, and qPCR were applied to confirm MET localization, copy number, and expression, respectively. IHC staining and analysis of MET expression were done on 20-cetuximab treated patients. Biochemical studies in vitro were conducted to uncover the molecular mechanism of resistance.
{"title":"MET activation drives resistance to cetuximab in head and neck cancer","authors":"J. Baselga","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580-C1-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580-C1-014","url":null,"abstract":"Methods: Genomic, transcriptomics, and proteomics profiling was done on cetuximab-sensitive (CetuxSen) and resistant tumor (CetuxRes) lesions obtained from a patient who had an exceptionally good response to cetuximab monotherapy. Immunohistochemisty, FISH, and qPCR were applied to confirm MET localization, copy number, and expression, respectively. IHC staining and analysis of MET expression were done on 20-cetuximab treated patients. Biochemical studies in vitro were conducted to uncover the molecular mechanism of resistance.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70944190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-16DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.1000150
Suzette E. Curtello, A. Vaillant, Hellen Asemota
The aim of this study was to develop a natural cost effective method of bacterial attenuation using indigenous plants to produce a safe live attenuated vaccine for poultry salmonellosis. Several indigenous plants were used but garlic and onion gave the expected result of Salmonella attenuation. Chicken were immunized with a attenuated Salmonella cocktail (mixture of five Salmonella strains: S. Montevideo, S. Yeerongpilly, S. Augustenborg, S. Kentucky, and S. Typhimurium). ELISA for Salmonella antibodies showed high titer suggesting that the indigenous plant did not affect the immunogenic capability of the vaccine. Garlic and onion can be considered as natural bacteriostatic agents that inhibited the growth of Salmonella in vitro contributing to a safe and effective vaccine against poultry salmonellosis.
{"title":"The Use of Indigenous Plants in the Attenuation of a Live-Attenuated Salmonella Vaccine to Protect Against Poultry","authors":"Suzette E. Curtello, A. Vaillant, Hellen Asemota","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.1000150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.1000150","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to develop a natural cost effective method of bacterial attenuation using indigenous plants to produce a safe live attenuated vaccine for poultry salmonellosis. Several indigenous plants were used but garlic and onion gave the expected result of Salmonella attenuation. Chicken were immunized with a attenuated Salmonella cocktail (mixture of five Salmonella strains: S. Montevideo, S. Yeerongpilly, S. Augustenborg, S. Kentucky, and S. Typhimurium). ELISA for Salmonella antibodies showed high titer suggesting that the indigenous plant did not affect the immunogenic capability of the vaccine. Garlic and onion can be considered as natural bacteriostatic agents that inhibited the growth of Salmonella in vitro contributing to a safe and effective vaccine against poultry salmonellosis.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43988578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.1000157
A. Vaillant, M. Smikle, W. Mohammed
Streptococcal protein-G (SpG), type III bacterial Fc receptor, is a small globular protein produced by several Streptococcal species and it is composed of two or three nearly identical domains, each of 55 amino acids. Streptococcal protein G has been shown to have high binding affinity to sera from various mammalian species including rabbit, human, pig, goat, sheep, cow and many other animal species. Of concern are patients with invasive infections by Streptococcus spp, where large amount of secreted SpG could interfere with the outcome of the gel technique by getting false negative tests. It has been shown and reported that the bacterial protein SpA was already found to inhibit the Coomb's test. We hypothesize that SpG as well as many other immunoglobulin-binding bacterial proteins with binding affinity to human IgG could cause false negative results in patients with bacteraemia. With the intention of proving this hypothesis we conducted two sets of experiments, which proved that SpG has the potential of inhibiting the gel test for the detection of sensitized erythrocytes in vitro. We concluded that is important to exercise caution, when evaluating a result of gel technique in patients with septicemia caused by IgG-producer Streptococci. The experiments used in this research were novel modifications of existent techniques and they proved reliable in demonstrating our hypothesis.
{"title":"Inhibition of the Reactivity of Coombs Sera with Igg-Sensitized Human Erythrocytes by Streptococcal Protein-G (Spg)","authors":"A. Vaillant, M. Smikle, W. Mohammed","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.1000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.1000157","url":null,"abstract":"Streptococcal protein-G (SpG), type III bacterial Fc receptor, is a small globular protein produced by several Streptococcal species and it is composed of two or three nearly identical domains, each of 55 amino acids. Streptococcal protein G has been shown to have high binding affinity to sera from various mammalian species including rabbit, human, pig, goat, sheep, cow and many other animal species. Of concern are patients with invasive infections by Streptococcus spp, where large amount of secreted SpG could interfere with the outcome of the gel technique by getting false negative tests. It has been shown and reported that the bacterial protein SpA was already found to inhibit the Coomb's test. We hypothesize that SpG as well as many other immunoglobulin-binding bacterial proteins with binding affinity to human IgG could cause false negative results in patients with bacteraemia. With the intention of proving this hypothesis we conducted two sets of experiments, which proved that SpG has the potential of inhibiting the gel test for the detection of sensitized erythrocytes in vitro. We concluded that is important to exercise caution, when evaluating a result of gel technique in patients with septicemia caused by IgG-producer Streptococci. The experiments used in this research were novel modifications of existent techniques and they proved reliable in demonstrating our hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70940456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.1000159
Lijun Wang
Aim: Compare the hospitalization rate of adult emergency patients within 6 h of arrival between urban and suburban hospitals in Tianjin.Method: We analyzed a cross-sectional survey data for adult emergency patients. Fifty hospitals were divided into two groups: urban and suburban group according to geographical location. Each group was classified into two (secondary and tertiary hospital) subgroups. The emergency hospitalization rate within 6 h of arrival, gender and age of patients, Emergency Severity Index (ESI), as well as the mode of arrival and primary diagnosis, were collected and compared using Student’s t-test, χ2 test, or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate between both groups and subgroups.Results: 1) 6569 patients visited emergency departments and 494 (7.52%) were hospitalized within 6 h of arrival. 178 of 3680 (4.84%) and 316 of 2889 (10.94%) patients were hospitalized in the urban and suburban group, there was a significant difference between two groups (P <0.05). 2) Concerning tertiary subgroup, 157 of 2984 (5.26%) urban and 253 of 1833 (13.80%) suburban patients were hospitalized; in secondary subgroup, 21 of 696 (3.02%) urban and 63 of 1056 (5.97%) suburban patients were hospitalized, there were a significant difference between both two subgroups (P<0.05). 3) There was a significant difference in age, yet no significant difference in other aspects. 4) Injury patients in suburban hospitals were more than urban hospitals while pregnancy/childbirth patients were converse (P<0.05).Conclusions: Adult emergency patients' hospitalization rate was 7.52% in Tianjin and suburban tertiary hospitals possess the relatively higher hospitalization rate.
{"title":"Hospitalization Rates Difference of Adult Emergency Patients between Urban and Suburban in Tianjin","authors":"Lijun Wang","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.1000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.1000159","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Compare the hospitalization rate of adult emergency patients within 6 h of arrival between urban and suburban hospitals in Tianjin.Method: We analyzed a cross-sectional survey data for adult emergency patients. Fifty hospitals were divided into two groups: urban and suburban group according to geographical location. Each group was classified into two (secondary and tertiary hospital) subgroups. The emergency hospitalization rate within 6 h of arrival, gender and age of patients, Emergency Severity Index (ESI), as well as the mode of arrival and primary diagnosis, were collected and compared using Student’s t-test, χ2 test, or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate between both groups and subgroups.Results: 1) 6569 patients visited emergency departments and 494 (7.52%) were hospitalized within 6 h of arrival. 178 of 3680 (4.84%) and 316 of 2889 (10.94%) patients were hospitalized in the urban and suburban group, there was a significant difference between two groups (P <0.05). 2) Concerning tertiary subgroup, 157 of 2984 (5.26%) urban and 253 of 1833 (13.80%) suburban patients were hospitalized; in secondary subgroup, 21 of 696 (3.02%) urban and 63 of 1056 (5.97%) suburban patients were hospitalized, there were a significant difference between both two subgroups (P<0.05). 3) There was a significant difference in age, yet no significant difference in other aspects. 4) Injury patients in suburban hospitals were more than urban hospitals while pregnancy/childbirth patients were converse (P<0.05).Conclusions: Adult emergency patients' hospitalization rate was 7.52% in Tianjin and suburban tertiary hospitals possess the relatively higher hospitalization rate.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70940796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neonatal tetanus (NNT), a disease preventable by immunization, is a major problem and a leading cause of neonatal mortality. To study the epidemiology, clinical appearances and outcomes of all patients diagnosed with neonatal tetanus. Moreover, to develop and supply a council to prevent NNT in the KSA. This cross sectional study was conducted at Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Makkah, KSA; a medical centre; from 2013 to 2017. All medical data for patients with suspected diagnosis of NNT were examined to get information about socio demographic properties. Fifty one patients were diagnosed with neonatal tetanus over 5 years in our hospital. All the cases are house delivery for unvaccinated mothers with cut the umbilical cord using unsterilized household scissors. Most of the patients presented with muscle spasms, refusal to eat and abnormal posture. All of the patients were intubated and receiving mechanical ventilation. Two of the patients died. It is essential to begin battle to achieve complete maternal tetanus toxoid immunization at primary health centers, during antenatal care. Immunization needs to be planed so pregnant women can be informed regarding the importance of authority clinics and the risks of unhygienic house birth, and immunization should be addressed with sufficient data. Pregnant women and those of childbearing age should be the first targets for these actions.
{"title":"Newborn Babies with Tetanus in Maternity Children Hospital Makah:- Center Experience from its Application to Prevent in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Najia Ahojaili, A. Alzahrani, Helal Al-malki, Ibraheem Kotbi, Liza Salam, Reem Batawi","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.1000149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.1000149","url":null,"abstract":"Neonatal tetanus (NNT), a disease preventable by immunization, is a major problem and a leading cause of neonatal mortality. To study the epidemiology, clinical appearances and outcomes of all patients diagnosed with neonatal tetanus. Moreover, to develop and supply a council to prevent NNT in the KSA. This cross sectional study was conducted at Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Makkah, KSA; a medical centre; from 2013 to 2017. All medical data for patients with suspected diagnosis of NNT were examined to get information about socio demographic properties. Fifty one patients were diagnosed with neonatal tetanus over 5 years in our hospital. All the cases are house delivery for unvaccinated mothers with cut the umbilical cord using unsterilized household scissors. Most of the patients presented with muscle spasms, refusal to eat and abnormal posture. All of the patients were intubated and receiving mechanical ventilation. Two of the patients died. It is essential to begin battle to achieve complete maternal tetanus toxoid immunization at primary health centers, during antenatal care. Immunization needs to be planed so pregnant women can be informed regarding the importance of authority clinics and the risks of unhygienic house birth, and immunization should be addressed with sufficient data. Pregnant women and those of childbearing age should be the first targets for these actions.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70940172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.1000146
Shaima N. Elgenaid, Ebrahim Mohammed Al-Hajj, A. Ibrahim, M. Essa, Ahmed Hamdi Abu-haraz, K. A. Abd-elrahman, Mohamed A. Hassan
Rubella is a single strand RNA virus in structure that belongs to Togaviridae family. It causes rubella by respiratory droplet transmission and congenital rubella syndrome if infection to the mother occurs during pregnancy. The current life attenuated vaccine is given as part of MMR vaccine. It has many side effects and contraindicated in pregnancy and immunosuppressed persons. The aim of this study is to determine antigenic peptides from E1, E2, and Capsid proteins that can be used for multiple peptide vaccine design using In-Silico study. A total of 189 sequences of three proteins were obtained from NCBI and subjected to multiple sequence alignments using CLUSTALW tool to determine conserved regions. Immune Epitope Data Base tools were used to determine B cell epitopes, these tools are Bepipred Linear B cell epitopes prediction, surface accessibility and antigenicity prediction. Epitope binding to MHC class I and class II and their population coverage were also determined using IEDB software. The analysis results are as follow, for B cell binding from E1 were (PVCQRHSP, QYHPTAC, and QVPPD), from E2 (AQYPP, PAHP and TTAANSTTAATPATA), and (PPPP, PPQQPQPP and PPHT) from capsid protein. All these peptides have high score in Linear B cell epitopes prediction, surface accessibility and antigenicity prediction. On another hand peptides that reacted to MHC class I were (YFNPGGSYY, FVLLVPWVL and FTNLGTPPL) form E1, E2 and capsid protein respectively. It worth noting that the peptide FVLLVPWVL from E2 protein is also binds to MHC class II with high affinity. All T cell peptides had highest population coverage, and the combined coverage for all peptides in this study was found to be 100%. Using In-Silico studies will ensure less risk of virulence and side effects. Evaluation of antibodies response in animal models is needed to confirm efficacy of these epitopes in inducing protective immune response.
{"title":"Prediction of Multiple Peptide Based Vaccine from E1, E2 and Capsid Proteins of Rubella Virus: An In-Silico Approach","authors":"Shaima N. Elgenaid, Ebrahim Mohammed Al-Hajj, A. Ibrahim, M. Essa, Ahmed Hamdi Abu-haraz, K. A. Abd-elrahman, Mohamed A. Hassan","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.1000146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.1000146","url":null,"abstract":"Rubella is a single strand RNA virus in structure that belongs to Togaviridae family. It causes rubella by respiratory droplet transmission and congenital rubella syndrome if infection to the mother occurs during pregnancy. The current life attenuated vaccine is given as part of MMR vaccine. It has many side effects and contraindicated in pregnancy and immunosuppressed persons. The aim of this study is to determine antigenic peptides from E1, E2, and Capsid proteins that can be used for multiple peptide vaccine design using In-Silico study. A total of 189 sequences of three proteins were obtained from NCBI and subjected to multiple sequence alignments using CLUSTALW tool to determine conserved regions. Immune Epitope Data Base tools were used to determine B cell epitopes, these tools are Bepipred Linear B cell epitopes prediction, surface accessibility and antigenicity prediction. Epitope binding to MHC class I and class II and their population coverage were also determined using IEDB software. The analysis results are as follow, for B cell binding from E1 were (PVCQRHSP, QYHPTAC, and QVPPD), from E2 (AQYPP, PAHP and TTAANSTTAATPATA), and (PPPP, PPQQPQPP and PPHT) from capsid protein. All these peptides have high score in Linear B cell epitopes prediction, surface accessibility and antigenicity prediction. On another hand peptides that reacted to MHC class I were (YFNPGGSYY, FVLLVPWVL and FTNLGTPPL) form E1, E2 and capsid protein respectively. It worth noting that the peptide FVLLVPWVL from E2 protein is also binds to MHC class II with high affinity. All T cell peptides had highest population coverage, and the combined coverage for all peptides in this study was found to be 100%. Using In-Silico studies will ensure less risk of virulence and side effects. Evaluation of antibodies response in animal models is needed to confirm efficacy of these epitopes in inducing protective immune response.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70940082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.1000158
G. Actis
Recent research has reckoned the human digestive tract as the arena where inflammatory processes are continuously waxing and waning. A driving force for this inflammatory lingering has been identified with the huge indwelling microbiome population, which, notably, becomes easily upset by lifestyle changes influencing diet composition. Thus, the microbiome may act as the element linking gut inflammation with individual life habits, allowing to imagine a continuum of inflammation intensity corresponding to the strength of the perturbing event playing at any time. If this mind frame may please basic researchers, it is of poor help to clinicians seeking sharply designed drugs for demarcated conditions. It may be anticipated that this clash between basic science and realworld medicine will affect future medical practice well beyond the limits of gastroenterology.
{"title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease 2018: Consistency and Controversy","authors":"G. Actis","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.1000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.1000158","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has reckoned the human digestive tract as the arena where inflammatory processes are continuously waxing and waning. A driving force for this inflammatory lingering has been identified with the huge indwelling microbiome population, which, notably, becomes easily upset by lifestyle changes influencing diet composition. Thus, the microbiome may act as the element linking gut inflammation with individual life habits, allowing to imagine a continuum of inflammation intensity corresponding to the strength of the perturbing event playing at any time. If this mind frame may please basic researchers, it is of poor help to clinicians seeking sharply designed drugs for demarcated conditions. It may be anticipated that this clash between basic science and realworld medicine will affect future medical practice well beyond the limits of gastroenterology.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/1745-7580.1000158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70940589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.1000155
Deepthi Karumanchi, S. Oommen
Background: The presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases. As Clinicopathological classification of autoimmune diseases is difficult without laboratory support, laboratory testing is of helps in diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prediction of the pathological changes by disease activity. Although different tests are available for ANA detection enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the mainstay of diagnosis in most routine laboratories. Indirect immunofluorescence antinuclear antibody test (IFA) though currently the “gold standard” it is not widely practiced. Most studies have used Hep2 cells for the detection of autoantibodies by IFA. However Hep 2000 Ro is superior compared to Hep 2 which lacks capability of detecting some autoantibodies like Ro antibodies. Hence, this study was undertaken to compare the diagnostic value and cost effectiveness of ANA pattern, ELISA with profile testing for patients suspected to have autoimmune disorders. Results: In the present study we observed high prevalence of autoimmune diseases in females (75.82%).ANA-ELISA in criteria matched cases with respect to ANA-IFA had a low sensitivity (59% versus 80%), higher specificity (84% versus 70%). Statistical analysis of ELISA and IFA with respect to ANA Profile showed a very less sensitivity by ELISA over IFA (51% vs. 78%) and equal specificity (70-72%) in 142 criteria matched cases. Conclusions: Statistically significant differences between ELISA and IFA infers IFA-ANA is a very appropriate method for screening purposes also IFA have capability of finding anti-mitochondrial and other cytoplasmic antibodies, which is not possible with ELISA.
背景:抗核抗体(ANA)的存在是自身免疫性疾病的标志。由于自身免疫性疾病的临床病理分类难以在没有实验室支持的情况下进行，因此实验室检测有助于疾病活动性的诊断、治疗、预后和病理变化的预测。虽然有不同的检测方法可用于ANA检测，但酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)是大多数常规实验室诊断的主要方法。间接免疫荧光抗核抗体试验(IFA)虽然是目前的“金标准”，但尚未得到广泛应用。大多数研究使用Hep2细胞进行IFA检测自身抗体。但Hep 2000 Ro优于Hep 2，而Hep 2缺乏检测Ro抗体等自身抗体的能力。因此，本研究旨在比较ANA模式、ELISA和基因谱检测对疑似自身免疫性疾病患者的诊断价值和成本效益。结果:在本研究中，我们观察到女性自身免疫性疾病的高患病率(75.82%)。在标准匹配的病例中，ANA-ELISA对ANA-IFA的敏感性较低(59%对80%)，特异性较高(84%对70%)。ELISA和IFA对ANA谱的统计分析显示，在142例标准匹配的病例中，ELISA对IFA的敏感性非常低(51% vs. 78%)，特异性相同(70-72%)。结论:ELISA与IFA的差异有统计学意义，说明IFA- ana是一种非常合适的筛选方法，IFA具有发现抗线粒体等细胞质抗体的能力，这是ELISA所不能做到的。
{"title":"Evaluation of Diagnostic Significance and Cost Effectiveness of ELISA and IFA for the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Disorders","authors":"Deepthi Karumanchi, S. Oommen","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.1000155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.1000155","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases. As Clinicopathological classification of autoimmune diseases is difficult without laboratory support, laboratory testing is of helps in diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prediction of the pathological changes by disease activity. Although different tests are available for ANA detection enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the mainstay of diagnosis in most routine laboratories. Indirect immunofluorescence antinuclear antibody test (IFA) though currently the “gold standard” it is not widely practiced. Most studies have used Hep2 cells for the detection of autoantibodies by IFA. However Hep 2000 Ro is superior compared to Hep 2 which lacks capability of detecting some autoantibodies like Ro antibodies. Hence, this study was undertaken to compare the diagnostic value and cost effectiveness of ANA pattern, ELISA with profile testing for patients suspected to have autoimmune disorders. Results: In the present study we observed high prevalence of autoimmune diseases in females (75.82%).ANA-ELISA in criteria matched cases with respect to ANA-IFA had a low sensitivity (59% versus 80%), higher specificity (84% versus 70%). Statistical analysis of ELISA and IFA with respect to ANA Profile showed a very less sensitivity by ELISA over IFA (51% vs. 78%) and equal specificity (70-72%) in 142 criteria matched cases. Conclusions: Statistically significant differences between ELISA and IFA infers IFA-ANA is a very appropriate method for screening purposes also IFA have capability of finding anti-mitochondrial and other cytoplasmic antibodies, which is not possible with ELISA.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"54 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/1745-7580.1000155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70940628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.1000162
T. Oelert
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