Pub Date : 2017-01-20DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.10000129
I. Marafini, M. Imeneo, G. Monteleone
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic enteropathy that develops in genetically-predisposed individuals after the ingestion of gluten. The small intestinal damage observed in CD patients is characterized by villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and massive infiltration of the mucosa with inflammatory cells. The molecular mechanisms that trigger and amplify inflammatory signals in CD are not fully understood. There is evidence that excessive activation of some subsets of Natural Killer (NK) cells occurs in CD and can contribute to the perpetuation of gluten-driven immune response and intestinal damage. On the other hand, the active phases of the disease are also marked by reduced mucosal presence of a specific subpopulation of NK cells expressing activating receptors and producing IL-22, a cytokine involved in the maintenance of intestinal barrier and immune homeostasis. In this article, we shortly revise the current literature on the role of NK cells in CD.
{"title":"The Role of Natural Killer Receptors in Celiac Disease","authors":"I. Marafini, M. Imeneo, G. Monteleone","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.10000129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.10000129","url":null,"abstract":"Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic enteropathy that develops in genetically-predisposed individuals after the \u0000 ingestion of gluten. The small intestinal damage observed in CD patients is characterized by villous atrophy, crypt \u0000 hyperplasia and massive infiltration of the mucosa with inflammatory cells. The molecular mechanisms that trigger \u0000 and amplify inflammatory signals in CD are not fully understood. There is evidence that excessive activation of some \u0000 subsets of Natural Killer (NK) cells occurs in CD and can contribute to the perpetuation of gluten-driven immune \u0000 response and intestinal damage. On the other hand, the active phases of the disease are also marked by reduced \u0000 mucosal presence of a specific subpopulation of NK cells expressing activating receptors and producing IL-22, a \u0000 cytokine involved in the maintenance of intestinal barrier and immune homeostasis. In this article, we shortly revise \u0000 the current literature on the role of NK cells in CD.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49633037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-16DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.10000127
Mahmoud Ss, Mohamed Gb, Hakeem Gla, Higazi Am, Nafady Aah, Farag Nm, Mahrous Dm, Kamal Nn, Hassan Z, Aziz Ea, Shaban A
Abstract Background: β-thalassaemia major is one of the chronic hemolytic anemias resulting from defect in β-globin chain. It requires frequent blood transfusion plus other treatment modalities. These treatment modalities may be associated with certain immunologic modulations. Objective: To assess the immunity status in children with β-thalassaemia major under different treatment regimens within El Minia, Egypt. Subjects and Methods: One hundred forty-four children were enrolled and classified into four groups. Thirty-six β-thalassaemia patients treated only with blood transfusion (group I). Thirty-six patients treated with transfusion and iron chelation (group II). Thirty-six patients treated with transfusion, iron chelation and subjected to splenectomy (group III). Group IV involved thirty-six apparently healthy age and sex matched children. CBC plus serum levels of ferritin, IgA, complement C3 and C4 were measured along with detection of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and CD56+ lymphocyte percentages and absolute counts. Results: IgA levels were significantly higher in thalassaemia patients compared to controls (p<0.001) plus highly significant increase in IgA levels in splenectomized patients than non-splenectomized (p<0.001). Levels of C3 were significantly decreased in all patients compared with controls (p=0.001) with a highly significant decrease in C3 levels in splenectomized patients than non splenectomized ones (p<0.001) but no statistical difference between their C4 levels. Significant statistical differences were revealed regarding CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte percentages within thalassaemia groups when compared to each other’s and to controls. Splenectomized patients had higher significant levels regarding serum ferritin (p=0.02) along with CD3+ (p=0.05), CD4+ (p=0.05) and CD8+ (p=0.037) lymphocyte percentages compared to non-splenectomized. CD19+ lymphocyte percentages were significantly higher while CD56+ lymphocyte percentages were significantly lower in all patients compared with controls (p=0.02 and 0.05). Conclusion: Immune modulation occurs in thalassaemia patients with regional specific variations and is related to variations in treatment modalities.
{"title":"Comparison of the Immunity Status in-Between Children with ò-ThalassaemiaMajor Receiving Different Treatment Modalities: A Single Egyptian DistrictStudy","authors":"Mahmoud Ss, Mohamed Gb, Hakeem Gla, Higazi Am, Nafady Aah, Farag Nm, Mahrous Dm, Kamal Nn, Hassan Z, Aziz Ea, Shaban A","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.10000127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.10000127","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: β-thalassaemia major is one of the chronic hemolytic anemias resulting from defect in β-globin chain. It requires frequent blood transfusion plus other treatment modalities. These treatment modalities may be associated with certain immunologic modulations. Objective: To assess the immunity status in children with β-thalassaemia major under different treatment regimens within El Minia, Egypt. Subjects and Methods: One hundred forty-four children were enrolled and classified into four groups. Thirty-six β-thalassaemia patients treated only with blood transfusion (group I). Thirty-six patients treated with transfusion and iron chelation (group II). Thirty-six patients treated with transfusion, iron chelation and subjected to splenectomy (group III). Group IV involved thirty-six apparently healthy age and sex matched children. CBC plus serum levels of ferritin, IgA, complement C3 and C4 were measured along with detection of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and CD56+ lymphocyte percentages and absolute counts. Results: IgA levels were significantly higher in thalassaemia patients compared to controls (p<0.001) plus highly significant increase in IgA levels in splenectomized patients than non-splenectomized (p<0.001). Levels of C3 were significantly decreased in all patients compared with controls (p=0.001) with a highly significant decrease in C3 levels in splenectomized patients than non splenectomized ones (p<0.001) but no statistical difference between their C4 levels. Significant statistical differences were revealed regarding CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte percentages within thalassaemia groups when compared to each other’s and to controls. Splenectomized patients had higher significant levels regarding serum ferritin (p=0.02) along with CD3+ (p=0.05), CD4+ (p=0.05) and CD8+ (p=0.037) lymphocyte percentages compared to non-splenectomized. CD19+ lymphocyte percentages were significantly higher while CD56+ lymphocyte percentages were significantly lower in all patients compared with controls (p=0.02 and 0.05). Conclusion: Immune modulation occurs in thalassaemia patients with regional specific variations and is related to variations in treatment modalities.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/1745-7580.10000127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43027848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-07DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.C1.009
Petya Ganova Valeria Gyurkovska, N. Ivanovska
{"title":"Berberine influences bone homeostasis through inhibited osteoclastogenesis in zymosan-induced model of rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Petya Ganova Valeria Gyurkovska, N. Ivanovska","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.C1.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.C1.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70942018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-07DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.C1.008
S. Muller
{"title":"The therapeutic P140 peptide, a new immunomodulating tool for lupus may have applications in other chronic inflammatory conditions","authors":"S. Muller","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.C1.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.C1.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70941892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-07DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.C1.007
Nicola M G Smith
{"title":"ImmTAC™ molecules: Novel bi-functional TCR-based biologicals for targeted immunotherapy","authors":"Nicola M G Smith","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.C1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.C1.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70942231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-05DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.10000128
E. Ufimtseva
Tuberculosis is a leading worldwide health problem. The latent, symptom-free stage of tuberculous infection is characterized by the formation of granulomas, specific aggregates of immune cells, predominantly macrophages, containing mycobacteria. The apoptotic death of macrophages containing mycobacteria is considered the main mechanism by which animals and human organisms oppose tuberculous infection and control its development. Previously, we have comparedMycobacterium-host cell relationships in individual granuloma cells from mice with latent tuberculous infection and cells from mouse bone marrow and peritoneal cultures infected with BCG vaccine in vitro and shown that increased death rates were revealed for macrophages heavily loaded with mycobacteria after acute BCG infection in vitro. While in ex vivo cultures granuloma macrophages with large numbers of BCG mycobacteria in them were still viable and had neither apoptotic nor necrotic morphology. Since different specific cellular responses to latent chronic and acute BCG infection in mouse cells were determined, the our aim was to analyze granulomas isolated from the lungs, spleens and bone marrow of Balb/c mice with latent BCG infection for the presence of inducers and markers of apoptotic cell death. In granuloma cells with increased levels of the inducer of apoptosis TNFα, proapoptotic proteins Вах and Ваd, death receptor Fas/ CD95 and scavenge receptor CD36, we did not observe P53 stabilization or caspase-3 activation in the cytoplasm or nuclei of macrophages and dendritic cells, irrespective of the presence or absence of acid-fast BCG mycobacteria in them. The survival receptor CD30 was detected on the cell membranes of only few granuloma macrophages. However, at later times of tuberculous infection in mice, virtually all macrophages and other granuloma cell types had considerable amounts of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in the cytoplasm and, probably, mitochondria, in contrast to macrophages from bone barrow cell cultures and peritoneal exudates infected with BCG mycobacteria in vitro. Preservation of mitochondrial ΔΨm during staining of living granuloma macrophages containing large amounts of the Bcl-2 protein was indicative of its involvement in maintaining the integrity of mitochondrial elements and the protection of granuloma cells from death, because in similar experiments the control macrophages that did not have any Bcl-2 protein in them had considerably reduced ΔΨm and exhibited morphological signs of apoptotic death. Taken together, our results suggest that the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 has been proposed to contribute to the viability of granulomas macrophages not only in ex vivo culture, but also in the animal organism when faced with mycobacterial, proinflammatory and proapoptotic factors operating in granulomatous inflammatory lesions at various times of latent tuberculous infection in mice.
{"title":"The Control of Apoptotic Death in the Cells of GranulomatousInflammatory Lesions from Mice with Latent Tuberculous Infection in theEx Vivo Model","authors":"E. Ufimtseva","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.10000128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.10000128","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis is a leading worldwide health problem. The latent, symptom-free stage of tuberculous infection is \u0000 characterized by the formation of granulomas, specific aggregates of immune cells, predominantly macrophages, \u0000 containing mycobacteria. The apoptotic death of macrophages containing mycobacteria is considered the main \u0000 mechanism by which animals and human organisms oppose tuberculous infection and control its development. \u0000 Previously, we have comparedMycobacterium-host cell relationships in individual granuloma cells from mice with \u0000 latent tuberculous infection and cells from mouse bone marrow and peritoneal cultures infected with BCG vaccine in vitro and shown that increased death rates were revealed for macrophages heavily loaded with mycobacteria \u0000 after acute BCG infection in vitro. While in ex vivo cultures granuloma macrophages with large numbers of BCG \u0000 mycobacteria in them were still viable and had neither apoptotic nor necrotic morphology. \u0000Since different specific cellular responses to latent chronic and acute BCG infection in mouse cells were \u0000 determined, the our aim was to analyze granulomas isolated from the lungs, spleens and bone marrow of Balb/c \u0000 mice with latent BCG infection for the presence of inducers and markers of apoptotic cell death. In granuloma cells \u0000 with increased levels of the inducer of apoptosis TNFα, proapoptotic proteins Вах and Ваd, death receptor Fas/ \u0000 CD95 and scavenge receptor CD36, we did not observe P53 stabilization or caspase-3 activation in the cytoplasm or nuclei of macrophages and dendritic cells, irrespective of the presence or absence of acid-fast BCG mycobacteria \u0000 in them. The survival receptor CD30 was detected on the cell membranes of only few granuloma macrophages. \u0000 However, at later times of tuberculous infection in mice, virtually all macrophages and other granuloma cell types \u0000 had considerable amounts of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in the cytoplasm and, probably, mitochondria, in contrast \u0000 to macrophages from bone barrow cell cultures and peritoneal exudates infected with BCG mycobacteria in vitro. \u0000 Preservation of mitochondrial ΔΨm during staining of living granuloma macrophages containing large amounts of \u0000 the Bcl-2 protein was indicative of its involvement in maintaining the integrity of mitochondrial elements and the \u0000 protection of granuloma cells from death, because in similar experiments the control macrophages that did not have \u0000 any Bcl-2 protein in them had considerably reduced ΔΨm and exhibited morphological signs of apoptotic death. \u0000 Taken together, our results suggest that the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 has been proposed to contribute to the \u0000 viability of granulomas macrophages not only in ex vivo culture, but also in the animal organism when faced with \u0000 mycobacterial, proinflammatory and proapoptotic factors operating in granulomatous inflammatory lesions at various \u0000 times of latent tuberculous infection in mice.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49282080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.1000141
Idris Ab, Mahmoud Sm, S. MohamedElamin, Mustafa Yy, O. Aa, Adam Me, Ali Lb, Abbas Mh, Ahmed Hamdi Abu-haraz, K. A. Abd-elrahman, M. Salih
Sin Nombre virus is a category A pathogen with a reported mortality rate ranging from 30% to 50%. It was responsible for the 2012 Yosemite National Park outbreak. Until now, Specific therapy is not available for the treatment of HCPS caused by SNV. Despite many efforts to develop safe and effective vaccines against SNV, included conventional approaches as well as molecular vaccine approaches, to date there are no vaccines proven to be highly efficacious against SNV. In our study, we analyzed envelope glycoprotein and nucleocapsid of SNV by using immunoinformatics tools housed in IEDB resources; in order to determine the most conserved and immunogenic epitopes for B- and T-cells. Then the predicted epitopes were assessed for the population coverage against the whole world population with the MHC-I and MHC-II restricted alleles. Among predicted epitopes for B-cell, the best candidates for glycoprotein and nucleocapsid were the epitope 743CKKYAYPWQT752 and the epitope 271QVDESKVS278, respectively. For glycoprotein CD8+ T cell predicted epitopes, the epitopes 208MTLPVTCFL216 and 458YTFTSLFSL466 were selected. Interestingly, the best candidates epitopes for nucleocapsid were the epitopes 25YILSFALPI133 and 239FLAARCPFL247 which had high affinity to interact with both MHC classes, I and II, and they had an excellent population coverage for Class I and II alleles throughout the world. To the best of our knowledge, our study for the first time has predicted a cocktail of B- and T-cell epitopes for designing an effective vaccine against HCPS caused by SNV
Sin Nombre病毒是一种a类病原体，据报告死亡率在30%至50%之间。它是2012年约塞米蒂国家公园爆发的罪魁祸首。到目前为止，还没有针对SNV引起的HCPS的特异性治疗方法。尽管在开发安全有效的SNV疫苗方面作出了许多努力，包括常规方法和分子疫苗方法，但迄今为止，还没有一种疫苗被证明对SNV非常有效。在我们的研究中，我们利用IEDB资源中的免疫信息学工具分析了SNV的包膜糖蛋白和核衣壳;以确定B细胞和t细胞最保守和免疫原性的表位。然后将预测表位与MHC-I和MHC-II限制性等位基因的全球人群覆盖率进行比较。在预测的b细胞表位中，糖蛋白和核衣壳的最佳候选表位分别是743CKKYAYPWQT752和271QVDESKVS278。糖蛋白CD8+ T细胞预测表位选择208MTLPVTCFL216和458YTFTSLFSL466。有趣的是，核衣壳的最佳候选表位是25YILSFALPI133和239FLAARCPFL247，它们与MHC I类和II类都具有高亲和力，并且它们在世界范围内对I类和II类等位基因具有良好的种群覆盖率。据我们所知，我们的研究首次预测了B细胞和t细胞表位的混合物，用于设计针对SNV引起的HCPS的有效疫苗
{"title":"Immunoinformatics Predication and Modelling of a Cocktail of B- and T-cells Epitopes from Envelope Glycoprotein and Nucleocapsid Proteins of Sin Nombre Virus","authors":"Idris Ab, Mahmoud Sm, S. MohamedElamin, Mustafa Yy, O. Aa, Adam Me, Ali Lb, Abbas Mh, Ahmed Hamdi Abu-haraz, K. A. Abd-elrahman, M. Salih","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.1000141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.1000141","url":null,"abstract":"Sin Nombre virus is a category A pathogen with a reported mortality rate ranging from 30% to 50%. It was responsible for the 2012 Yosemite National Park outbreak. Until now, Specific therapy is not available for the treatment of HCPS caused by SNV. Despite many efforts to develop safe and effective vaccines against SNV, included conventional approaches as well as molecular vaccine approaches, to date there are no vaccines proven to be highly efficacious against SNV. In our study, we analyzed envelope glycoprotein and nucleocapsid of SNV by using immunoinformatics tools housed in IEDB resources; in order to determine the most conserved and immunogenic epitopes for B- and T-cells. Then the predicted epitopes were assessed for the population coverage against the whole world population with the MHC-I and MHC-II restricted alleles. Among predicted epitopes for B-cell, the best candidates for glycoprotein and nucleocapsid were the epitope 743CKKYAYPWQT752 and the epitope 271QVDESKVS278, respectively. For glycoprotein CD8+ T cell predicted epitopes, the epitopes 208MTLPVTCFL216 and 458YTFTSLFSL466 were selected. Interestingly, the best candidates epitopes for nucleocapsid were the epitopes 25YILSFALPI133 and 239FLAARCPFL247 which had high affinity to interact with both MHC classes, I and II, and they had an excellent population coverage for Class I and II alleles throughout the world. To the best of our knowledge, our study for the first time has predicted a cocktail of B- and T-cell epitopes for designing an effective vaccine against HCPS caused by SNV","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70940159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/17457580.1000139
Xueliang Wang, Fang-Fang Fu, Chang Chen
The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulatory effect of zymosan on human langerhans cells (LCs). The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytokines in LCs treated with zymosan was evaluated by determining the mRNA levels of TLR-1, TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-9 and the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-23, TNF-α, and the protein level of bioactive IL-12p70. Furthermore, correlation coefficient of the mRNA levels of TLRs and cytokines was also evaluated to determine their mutual effects. The examined 10 samples showed significant increase in the mRNA level of those cytokines in all. As for TLRs, significant increase in TLR-2, decrease in TLR-1 and TLR-4 though the changing extent were slight and no significant difference in TLR-9 was shown. No significant increase of bioactive IL-12p70 protein was shown. All cytokines except for IL-12 were positively correlated to each other (r>0.3) at 24 h after zymosan treatment and to TLR-2 at both 8 h and 24 h. As our conclusion, zymosan may modulate LCs by increasing transcriptional level of cytokines and TLR-2 expression. Inflammatory and non-inflammatory cytokines in zymosan-treated LCs changed expression in a balanced style, while IL-12 was increased in all samples regardless of other cytokines and TLRs levels. All the tested cytokines except IL-12 and TLR-2 have a mutual promotion effect.
{"title":"The Evaluation of Toll-Like Receptors and Cytokines Expression in Human Langerhans Cells Indued by Zymosan","authors":"Xueliang Wang, Fang-Fang Fu, Chang Chen","doi":"10.4172/17457580.1000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/17457580.1000139","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulatory effect of zymosan on human langerhans cells (LCs). The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytokines in LCs treated with zymosan was evaluated by determining the mRNA levels of TLR-1, TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-9 and the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-23, TNF-α, and the protein level of bioactive IL-12p70. Furthermore, correlation coefficient of the mRNA levels of TLRs and cytokines was also evaluated to determine their mutual effects. The examined 10 samples showed significant increase in the mRNA level of those cytokines in all. As for TLRs, significant increase in TLR-2, decrease in TLR-1 and TLR-4 though the changing extent were slight and no significant difference in TLR-9 was shown. No significant increase of bioactive IL-12p70 protein was shown. All cytokines except for IL-12 were positively correlated to each other (r>0.3) at 24 h after zymosan treatment and to TLR-2 at both 8 h and 24 h. As our conclusion, zymosan may modulate LCs by increasing transcriptional level of cytokines and TLR-2 expression. Inflammatory and non-inflammatory cytokines in zymosan-treated LCs changed expression in a balanced style, while IL-12 was increased in all samples regardless of other cytokines and TLRs levels. All the tested cytokines except IL-12 and TLR-2 have a mutual promotion effect.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70939358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.1000138
Abdel-Baseer Ka, Hammad Eem, H. Qubaisy, N. Maaa, Ahmed Aa, Saidu Am
Background: Bronchial asthma is one of the most prevalent diseases affecting children in both developed and developing countries. Due to paucity of data, we believe that epidemiological state of asthma should be wellestimated. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the epidemiology and risk factors of asthma among children with bronchial asthma in Qena Governorate, Egypt. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on children with bronchial asthma in Qena district in Upper Egypt during the period from April 2013 to March 2014. All patients were subjected to clinical and epidemiological data questionnaires including personal and demographic data, precipitating factors for acute exacerbation, clinical manifestations during acute exacerbation, history suggestive for other atopic diseases, asthma grading at diagnosis and course of the disease. Results: Of the 100 studied asthmatic children, the percentage of males and urban resident asthmatic children was more than females and rural resident children respectively. Regarding socioeconomic status, low socioeconomic level children showed a highly significant effect as risk factors for asthma compared to middle and high socioeconomic level children. Exercise-induced asthma was found in up to 37%, allergic rhinitis in 44%, atopic dermatitis in 67% and food allergy in 22% of asthmatic children. According to asthma severity, mild intermittent cases were the most frequent among total children. Conclusion: Bronchial asthma is an important public health problem among children and adolescents in Qena district and this necessitates an adequate attention. There is also a need for public health policy in Egypt including upper Egypt planning on reducing environmental triggers, and educating health care personnel on the preventive measures of asthma.
{"title":"Some Epidemiological Aspects of Bronchial Asthma in Children in Qena Governorate, Egypt","authors":"Abdel-Baseer Ka, Hammad Eem, H. Qubaisy, N. Maaa, Ahmed Aa, Saidu Am","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.1000138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.1000138","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bronchial asthma is one of the most prevalent diseases affecting children in both developed and developing countries. Due to paucity of data, we believe that epidemiological state of asthma should be wellestimated. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the epidemiology and risk factors of asthma among children with bronchial asthma in Qena Governorate, Egypt. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on children with bronchial asthma in Qena district in Upper Egypt during the period from April 2013 to March 2014. All patients were subjected to clinical and epidemiological data questionnaires including personal and demographic data, precipitating factors for acute exacerbation, clinical manifestations during acute exacerbation, history suggestive for other atopic diseases, asthma grading at diagnosis and course of the disease. Results: Of the 100 studied asthmatic children, the percentage of males and urban resident asthmatic children was more than females and rural resident children respectively. Regarding socioeconomic status, low socioeconomic level children showed a highly significant effect as risk factors for asthma compared to middle and high socioeconomic level children. Exercise-induced asthma was found in up to 37%, allergic rhinitis in 44%, atopic dermatitis in 67% and food allergy in 22% of asthmatic children. According to asthma severity, mild intermittent cases were the most frequent among total children. Conclusion: Bronchial asthma is an important public health problem among children and adolescents in Qena district and this necessitates an adequate attention. There is also a need for public health policy in Egypt including upper Egypt planning on reducing environmental triggers, and educating health care personnel on the preventive measures of asthma.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/1745-7580.1000138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70939715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.1000137
O. H. Ahmed, A. Abdelhalim, S. Obi, K. Abdelrahman, A. Hamdi, Mohammed A Hassan
Background: Lagos rabies virus belongs to lyssavirus genus responsible for meningoencephalomyelitis in mammals that affect millions of people around the world and causes thousands of human deaths every year, to the best of our knowledge there is no peptide vaccine designed for Lagos rabies virus. The resulting peptide vaccine is expected to be more immunogenic and less allergic than conventional biochemical vaccines. The aim of this study was to design an Insilco peptide vaccine for Lagos rabies virus using Immunoinformatic tools. Methods and Materials: Sequences of glycoprotein G of Lagos rabies virus was retrieved from NCBI, the retrieved sequences were then treated using different Immunoinformatic tools for B cell to find out the most conserved, surface and antigenic epitopes, and for T cell to find conserved peptides and to test their binding affinity to different MHC1 and MHC11 alleles. Then population coverage analysis and homology modeling was performed for most promising epitopes to show their structural positions in glycoprotein G. Results and Conclusions: B cell tests were conducted for Bepipred with 22 conserved epitopes, Emini surface accessibility prediction with 12 conserved surface epitopes and Kolaskar and Tongaonkar antigenicity test with only three conserved epitopes being antigenic. 23 conserved epitopes were interacted with different MHC-1 alleles with (IC50) ≤ 500 while 39 conserved epitopes interacted with MHC-II alleles with IC50 ≤ 1000. Among all the tested epitopes for world population coverage the epitope FVGYVTTTF binding to both MHC1 and MHC11 alleles was 97.30% and it was found to bind 13 different alleles that indicate strong potential to formulate peptide vaccine for Lagos rabies virus.
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