Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.10000136
J. Castiblanco, J. Anaya
Autoimmune diseases (AD) are responsible for a substantial amount of disability and morbidity worldwide. Research generally focuses on a single disease, although autoimmune phenotypes could represent pleiotropic outcomes of non-specific disease genes underlying similar immunogenetic mechanisms. This report examined the effect and importance of the homozygosity status, using genome-wide interspersed markers, in individuals and multiplex families affected with AD. This study presented two approaches: (I) a case-control comparison and evaluation on the effect of homozygosity at the genome-wide level and per marker, including 453 unrelated individuals (121 late-, 79 early-onset AD, 40 polyautoimmunity (PolyA), 30 multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS) and 183 healthy control individuals); and (II) a model-free affected pair linkage approach which included 35 MAS, 49 polyA, 104 late-, and 83 early-onset multiplex families. A total of 372 genome-wide markers were used in the analysis. The standardized observed homozygosity (SOH) was calculated and the association of the homozygosity status and the autoimmune trait was evaluated. The multipoint model-free linkage analysis was applied by using RELPAL from S.A.G.E v6.3. Results for the SOH showed significant differences between controls and early-onset individuals, where early-onset affected individuals showed lower homozygosity relative to controls. No differences were observed relative to controls for MAS, polyA and late-onset disease at the genome-wide level. The local marker homozygosity effect showed share and specific risk and/or protective effects for 24 markers. The model-free affected pair linkage approach lacked any suggestive linkage signals, but marginal signals displayed excess allele sharing for extreme phenotypes in autoimmunity. This study presumed autoimmunity as a trait rather than a clinical phenotype and tried to approach AD as a continuous trait presenting extreme phenotypes. Future approaches would be expected to dwell on the data presented here to corroborate and expand on sample size, marker coverage and their effects.
{"title":"Homozygosity Analysis in Autoimmunity Affected Individuals and Multiplex Autoimmune Disease Families","authors":"J. Castiblanco, J. Anaya","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.10000136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.10000136","url":null,"abstract":"Autoimmune diseases (AD) are responsible for a substantial amount of disability and morbidity worldwide. Research generally focuses on a single disease, although autoimmune phenotypes could represent pleiotropic outcomes of non-specific disease genes underlying similar immunogenetic mechanisms. This report examined the effect and importance of the homozygosity status, using genome-wide interspersed markers, in individuals and multiplex families affected with AD. This study presented two approaches: (I) a case-control comparison and evaluation on the effect of homozygosity at the genome-wide level and per marker, including 453 unrelated individuals (121 late-, 79 early-onset AD, 40 polyautoimmunity (PolyA), 30 multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS) and 183 healthy control individuals); and (II) a model-free affected pair linkage approach which included 35 MAS, 49 polyA, 104 late-, and 83 early-onset multiplex families. A total of 372 genome-wide markers were used in the analysis. The standardized observed homozygosity (SOH) was calculated and the association of the homozygosity status and the autoimmune trait was evaluated. The multipoint model-free linkage analysis was applied by using RELPAL from S.A.G.E v6.3. Results for the SOH showed significant differences between controls and early-onset individuals, where early-onset affected individuals showed lower homozygosity relative to controls. No differences were observed relative to controls for MAS, polyA and late-onset disease at the genome-wide level. The local marker homozygosity effect showed share and specific risk and/or protective effects for 24 markers. The model-free affected pair linkage approach lacked any suggestive linkage signals, but marginal signals displayed excess allele sharing for extreme phenotypes in autoimmunity. This study presumed autoimmunity as a trait rather than a clinical phenotype and tried to approach AD as a continuous trait presenting extreme phenotypes. Future approaches would be expected to dwell on the data presented here to corroborate and expand on sample size, marker coverage and their effects.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70937541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.1000144
Mohammed Aa, Hashim O, Elrahman Kaa, Hamdi A, Hassanain Ma
Background: Lyssavirus is considered as a neglected, zoonotic and tropical virus. Among all the Lyssavirus species known to exist today, Mokola virus is unique and appears to be exclusive to Africa. This virus is responsible for a meningoencephalomyelitis in mammals therefore; in silico prediction of epitopes of appropriate protein residues is important to produce a peptide vaccine with powerful immunogenic and minimal allergic effect. The aim of this study was to design a vaccine for Mokola virus using its glycoprotein peptides as an immunogen to stimulate protective immune response. Methods and materials: Glycoprotein G Sequences of Mokola was explored from NCBI then the sequences were aligned to obtain conserved regions. The nominees epitopes from Immune Epitope Database were analyzed by different prediction tools for B-cell, T-cell MHC class II and I. Then sequences aligned with the aid of ClustalW implemented in the BioEdit program. Results and conclusions: For Bepipred test of B-cell the total number of conserved epitopes was 85. For Emini surface accessibility prediction, 36 conserved epitopes were passing the default threshold 1.0. In Kolaskar and Tongaonkar antigenicity, 36 conserved epitopes gave score above the default threshold 1.045. However, there are only three epitopes that pass the three tests (LYTIPEK, LAHQK, YPSVPS). The reference glycoprotein strain was analyzed using IEDB MHC-I binding prediction tool to predict T cell epitope. Twenty conserved peptides were predicted to interact with different MHC-I alleles. For MHC-II binding prediction there were 47 conserved epitopes found to interact with MHC-II alleles. The peptides GQILIPEMQ, FRRLSHFRK and FVGYVTTTF had the affinity to bind the highest number of MHC-II alleles. World population coverage for MHC-I most promising 3 peptides FVDLHMPDV, FVGYVTTTF and RLFDGTWVS was 67.42%, while the world population coverage for most promising MHC-II peptides was 99.77%, for the binding to MHC-I and MHC-II, The peptide FVG TTTF world population coverage was 99.31%.
{"title":"Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine Design against Mokola Rabies Virus Glycoprotein G Utilizing In Silico Approaches","authors":"Mohammed Aa, Hashim O, Elrahman Kaa, Hamdi A, Hassanain Ma","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.1000144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.1000144","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lyssavirus is considered as a neglected, zoonotic and tropical virus. Among all the Lyssavirus species known to exist today, Mokola virus is unique and appears to be exclusive to Africa. This virus is responsible for a meningoencephalomyelitis in mammals therefore; in silico prediction of epitopes of appropriate protein residues is important to produce a peptide vaccine with powerful immunogenic and minimal allergic effect. The aim of this study was to design a vaccine for Mokola virus using its glycoprotein peptides as an immunogen to stimulate protective immune response. Methods and materials: Glycoprotein G Sequences of Mokola was explored from NCBI then the sequences were aligned to obtain conserved regions. The nominees epitopes from Immune Epitope Database were analyzed by different prediction tools for B-cell, T-cell MHC class II and I. Then sequences aligned with the aid of ClustalW implemented in the BioEdit program. Results and conclusions: For Bepipred test of B-cell the total number of conserved epitopes was 85. For Emini surface accessibility prediction, 36 conserved epitopes were passing the default threshold 1.0. In Kolaskar and Tongaonkar antigenicity, 36 conserved epitopes gave score above the default threshold 1.045. However, there are only three epitopes that pass the three tests (LYTIPEK, LAHQK, YPSVPS). The reference glycoprotein strain was analyzed using IEDB MHC-I binding prediction tool to predict T cell epitope. Twenty conserved peptides were predicted to interact with different MHC-I alleles. For MHC-II binding prediction there were 47 conserved epitopes found to interact with MHC-II alleles. The peptides GQILIPEMQ, FRRLSHFRK and FVGYVTTTF had the affinity to bind the highest number of MHC-II alleles. World population coverage for MHC-I most promising 3 peptides FVDLHMPDV, FVGYVTTTF and RLFDGTWVS was 67.42%, while the world population coverage for most promising MHC-II peptides was 99.77%, for the binding to MHC-I and MHC-II, The peptide FVG TTTF world population coverage was 99.31%.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70940054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-15DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.10000126
Xiaoyun Liu, H. Feng, Jiaqian Zhu, R. Stein, Yue Huang, Y. Jiao, Xiaodong Zhu
Considerable studies have been done on the potential biological function of gelsolin and its connection to human immune system, diseases and other disorders. The objective of our study was to identify genetic factors that regulate gelsolin in mouse lung and analyze its function immune system using well defined recombinant inbred strains. For this purpose we chose the BXD recombinant inbred (RI) strains derived from progeny of the C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) progenitor strains. Whole genome gene expression in lung was used for the eQTL mapping. Bioinformatics tools and genotyping data were used for the candidate gene analysis. Gene network and correlation processes were used to assess the association between gelsolin and biological traits. Data indicated that an eQTL on chromosome 9 covering a genomic area between 21Mb and 30Mb is a major play in regulation of the gelsolin expression level. Analysis of genetic elements within this region revealed that Ncapd3 is the most favorite candidate gene. Its expression level is highly associated to that of gelsolin. The expression level of gelsolin between mouse strains with two genotype of SNP (rs13480109) in a regulatory region of the Ncapd3 showed a significant difference. Additional association analysis suggest that gelsolin may has a broad spectrum of biological function. The expression level of gelsolin has very high correlation with genes in a variety of biological function. These highly associated genes are mainly for protein binding. The expression of gelsolin is also correlated to multiple known immune phenotypes. These data contribute significantly to our current knowledge on the biological function of gelsolin.
{"title":"Genetic Regulation of Gelsolin in Lung in Mouse Model and its PotentialBroad Spectrum of Biological Functions","authors":"Xiaoyun Liu, H. Feng, Jiaqian Zhu, R. Stein, Yue Huang, Y. Jiao, Xiaodong Zhu","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.10000126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.10000126","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable studies have been done on the potential biological function of gelsolin and its connection to human immune system, diseases and other disorders. The objective of our study was to identify genetic factors that regulate gelsolin in mouse lung and analyze its function immune system using well defined recombinant inbred strains. For this purpose we chose the BXD recombinant inbred (RI) strains derived from progeny of the C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) progenitor strains. Whole genome gene expression in lung was used for the eQTL mapping. Bioinformatics tools and genotyping data were used for the candidate gene analysis. Gene network and correlation processes were used to assess the association between gelsolin and biological traits. Data indicated that an eQTL on chromosome 9 covering a genomic area between 21Mb and 30Mb is a major play in regulation of the gelsolin expression level. Analysis of genetic elements within this region revealed that Ncapd3 is the most favorite candidate gene. Its expression level is highly associated to that of gelsolin. The expression level of gelsolin between mouse strains with two genotype of SNP (rs13480109) in a regulatory region of the Ncapd3 showed a significant difference. Additional association analysis suggest that gelsolin may has a broad spectrum of biological function. The expression level of gelsolin has very high correlation with genes in a variety of biological function. These highly associated genes are mainly for protein binding. The expression of gelsolin is also correlated to multiple known immune phenotypes. These data contribute significantly to our current knowledge on the biological function of gelsolin.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/1745-7580.10000126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70937304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-15DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.1000E106
S. D. Francesco
Immunome research journal enormously contributed to understand the molecular immunology. Extensive research lead by immunologist on this direction invoked the need and a common platform for discussion dealing with immunology as a whole. Present issue Volume 12, Issue 1, could bring the existing theories and discoveries in the field of immunome from across the world.
{"title":"Contemporary and Future Strategies for Immunome Research","authors":"S. D. Francesco","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.1000E106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.1000E106","url":null,"abstract":"Immunome research journal enormously contributed to understand the molecular immunology. Extensive research lead by immunologist on this direction invoked the need and a common platform for discussion dealing with immunology as a whole. Present issue Volume 12, Issue 1, could bring the existing theories and discoveries in the field of immunome from across the world.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70941666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-13DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.10000125
M. Ma
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex, multifactorial autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration. The increased prevalence of this disease in Arabian Gulf Countries (AGCs) has captivated the author. The following is a deliberative review of the disease with respect to its molecular basis. Briefly, it considers disease pathophysiology though the molecular composition of the cell; the genome, epigenome and mitochondrial genome; and relates these factors to environmental, etiological factors, including: vitamin D, UVR, EBV infection, smoking and obesity. All in all, this review aims to explain the reasons underlying the increasing prevalence of MS in AGCs.
{"title":"Elucidating the Molecular Basis of Multiple Sclerosis and Understanding theDisease Pathophysiology","authors":"M. Ma","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.10000125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.10000125","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex, multifactorial autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration. The increased prevalence of this disease in Arabian Gulf Countries (AGCs) has captivated the author. The following is a deliberative review of the disease with respect to its molecular basis. Briefly, it considers disease pathophysiology though the molecular composition of the cell; the genome, epigenome and mitochondrial genome; and relates these factors to environmental, etiological factors, including: vitamin D, UVR, EBV infection, smoking and obesity. All in all, this review aims to explain the reasons underlying the increasing prevalence of MS in AGCs.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/1745-7580.10000125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70937121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-12DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.10000124
Ahmad Abdel Samie El-Sherif, A. Eldin, A. Higazi, H. Keryakos, H. Mohamed, Dalia Meshref
Objectives: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major threat for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egypt which represents an increased cause of mortality. HCC usually presents at a very late stage thus many patients miss the best opportunity for treatment because of lack of early symptoms and early reliable diagnostic marker for malignant transformation. This study aimed to perform a head-to-head comparison of the diagnostic performance of soluble major histocompatibility complex class I related chain molecule A (sMICA), Des-γ Carboxy Prothrombin (DCP) and Alpha-Feto Protein (AFP) in HCC patients. Subjects and methods: The study included 250 subjects. They were including 50 chronic hepatitis patients, 50 cirrhotic patients, 100 patients with HCC on top of cirrhosis and 50 apparently healthy control subjects. HCC group was subdivided into two subgroups, 61 patients with tumor size from 2 to 5 cm and 39 patients with tumor size >5cm. Serum levels of sMICA, DCP as well as AFP were measured in the sera of all subjects by Enzyme Immune Assay (EIA). Results: AFP, DCP and sMICA showed statistical significant increased levels in HCC group when compared to other groups (p<0.05). However, there was a highly significant increase in AFP levels in other patients groups when compared to control group (p ≤ 0.001). There was no significant difference in DCP level between chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis groups and as well when both were compared to the control group. sMICA levels were mostly increased in HCC patients in comparison to healthy or disease controls (p ≤ 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacies of sMICA, DCP and AFP. When employing the ROC curve, the superiority of sMICA [AUC: 0.928] to both AFP [AUC: 0.886] and DCP [AUC: 0.656] was evident in the diagnosis of HCC, in discriminating HCC from LC and CH patients [AUC: 0.908] as well as in discriminating HCC with small focal lesions (tumor size from 2-5cm) from both cirrhotic and CH patients [AUC: 0.917 & sensitivity: 88.5%]. The sensitivity of sMICA was the highest (88.5%) versus (62%) for AFP and (54%) for DCP. Conclusion: sMICA levels showed a stepwise increase from CH to LC and up to the most in HCC. However, AFP levels were increased in HCC and other chronic liver diseases while DCP levels were increased only in HCC. As well, sMICA has superior diagnostic performance for HCV-induced HCC on both AFP and DCP with even better performance for distinguishing HCC with small focal lesions. Consequently, measurement of sMICA as a single marker or beside AFP and/or DCP may be valuable in the screening for early malignant transformation of chronic liver diseases to HCC.
{"title":"Diagnostic Outcomes of Soluble Major Histocompatibility Complex Class IRelated Chain Molecule A and Des-ó Carboxy Prothrombin versus Alpha-FetoProtein for Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in EgyptianPatients","authors":"Ahmad Abdel Samie El-Sherif, A. Eldin, A. Higazi, H. Keryakos, H. Mohamed, Dalia Meshref","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.10000124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.10000124","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major threat for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egypt which represents an increased cause of mortality. HCC usually presents at a very late stage thus many patients miss the best opportunity for treatment because of lack of early symptoms and early reliable diagnostic marker for malignant transformation. This study aimed to perform a head-to-head comparison of the diagnostic performance of soluble major histocompatibility complex class I related chain molecule A (sMICA), Des-γ Carboxy Prothrombin (DCP) and Alpha-Feto Protein (AFP) in HCC patients. Subjects and methods: The study included 250 subjects. They were including 50 chronic hepatitis patients, 50 cirrhotic patients, 100 patients with HCC on top of cirrhosis and 50 apparently healthy control subjects. HCC group was subdivided into two subgroups, 61 patients with tumor size from 2 to 5 cm and 39 patients with tumor size >5cm. Serum levels of sMICA, DCP as well as AFP were measured in the sera of all subjects by Enzyme Immune Assay (EIA). Results: AFP, DCP and sMICA showed statistical significant increased levels in HCC group when compared to other groups (p<0.05). However, there was a highly significant increase in AFP levels in other patients groups when compared to control group (p ≤ 0.001). There was no significant difference in DCP level between chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis groups and as well when both were compared to the control group. sMICA levels were mostly increased in HCC patients in comparison to healthy or disease controls (p ≤ 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacies of sMICA, DCP and AFP. When employing the ROC curve, the superiority of sMICA [AUC: 0.928] to both AFP [AUC: 0.886] and DCP [AUC: 0.656] was evident in the diagnosis of HCC, in discriminating HCC from LC and CH patients [AUC: 0.908] as well as in discriminating HCC with small focal lesions (tumor size from 2-5cm) from both cirrhotic and CH patients [AUC: 0.917 & sensitivity: 88.5%]. The sensitivity of sMICA was the highest (88.5%) versus (62%) for AFP and (54%) for DCP. Conclusion: sMICA levels showed a stepwise increase from CH to LC and up to the most in HCC. However, AFP levels were increased in HCC and other chronic liver diseases while DCP levels were increased only in HCC. As well, sMICA has superior diagnostic performance for HCV-induced HCC on both AFP and DCP with even better performance for distinguishing HCC with small focal lesions. Consequently, measurement of sMICA as a single marker or beside AFP and/or DCP may be valuable in the screening for early malignant transformation of chronic liver diseases to HCC.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70937044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-16DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.10000122
R. Casas, R. Estruch
The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes that diet plays an important role in the prevention of several non-infectious diseases. Unhealthy diets that include high intake of red and processed meat, sweets and desserts, potatoes, French fries, and refined grains) is associated with high plasma inflammatory biomarkers and a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), cancer and other chronic diseases. On the other hand, prudent dietary patterns such as Mediterranean diet as well as intake of fruit, vegetables, extra virgin olive oil, walnuts, legumes, whole grains, fish, cocoa, coffee, tea and wine is associated with a reduced plasma inflammatory biomarkers and a lower risk of CVD, T2D and other chronic diseases. In respect to nutrients, excessive intake of carbohydrates, saturated fat, trans- fatty acids, and omega- 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may activate the innate immune system, leading to an excessive production of pro inflammatory cytokines associated with a reduced synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, omega-3 PUFA, vitamin E and polyphenols could counter the effects of several inflammatory markers, decreasing, for example, the secretion of circulating and cellular factors involved in the atherosclerotic process. This review explains how healthy dietary patterns, foods and nutrients can reduce chronic inflammatory processes related to CVD, T2D, obesity or cancer and therefore be a good tool to prevent the development of these disorders.
{"title":"Dietary Patterns, Foods, Nutrients and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders","authors":"R. Casas, R. Estruch","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.10000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.10000122","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes that diet plays an important role in the prevention of several non-infectious diseases. Unhealthy diets that include high intake of red and processed meat, sweets and desserts, potatoes, French fries, and refined grains) is associated with high plasma inflammatory biomarkers and a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), cancer and other chronic diseases. On the other hand, prudent dietary patterns such as Mediterranean diet as well as intake of fruit, vegetables, extra virgin olive oil, walnuts, legumes, whole grains, fish, cocoa, coffee, tea and wine is associated with a reduced plasma inflammatory biomarkers and a lower risk of CVD, T2D and other chronic diseases. In respect to nutrients, excessive intake of carbohydrates, saturated fat, trans- fatty acids, and omega- 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may activate the innate immune system, leading to an excessive production of pro inflammatory cytokines associated with a reduced synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, omega-3 PUFA, vitamin E and polyphenols could counter the effects of several inflammatory markers, decreasing, for example, the secretion of circulating and cellular factors involved in the atherosclerotic process. This review explains how healthy dietary patterns, foods and nutrients can reduce chronic inflammatory processes related to CVD, T2D, obesity or cancer and therefore be a good tool to prevent the development of these disorders.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70936910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-16DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.10000120
A. Prayitno, A. An, Dewangga Vs, I. Abdullah, M. Hartati, M. S. Fitria, Elm, O. P. Astirin
Introduction: The compound that allegedly derived from acetogenin has a mechanism of inhibition complex of mitochondrial. Inhibition complex of mitochondrial by acetogenin will cause a decline in the production of ATP and decrease the amount of ATP will induce apoptosis. Aims: The aim of this study is whether Annona muricata (A. muricara) containing tetrahydrofurane that can induce apoptosis? Method: To detection an active isolate carried out using the method of TLC. To determine the functional group terpenoids used VLC mobile phase in chloroform-ethyl acetate then used vanillin sulfuric acid. To find out more details on cluster group were characterized by FT-IR and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Cytotoxicity test of A. muricata leaves extract againt HeLa cells was evaluated by MTT method which saw the level of formazan absorbantion velue. Result: With vanillin sulfuric acid saw violet red color visible in light is a standard for terpenoid functional group. On the results of FT-IR spectrophotometry test indicated that the absorption of the lactone organic compound. From UV-Vis spectrophotometry test has high absorbance (wave length 222 and 230 nm) and may be a marker for the presence of tetrahydrofurane cluster compound. Of assay cytotoxicity obtained the value of R2=0.9035, namely there is a correlation in welfare between viability of HeLa cells with active isolates of A. muricata leaves. Conclusion: It is concluded that A. muricata leaves extract contain acetogenin which functional groupterpenoids, which cluster group-lactones as well as tetrahydrofurane. Cell viability of HeLa cells will progressively lower with increasing concentration of active isolates A. muricata leaves contains tetrahydrofurane
{"title":"Tetrahydrofurane is a Component of Annona muricata Leaf will InduceApoptosis Program in Cancer Cell because the Virus: A Proxy for CancerTreatment","authors":"A. Prayitno, A. An, Dewangga Vs, I. Abdullah, M. Hartati, M. S. Fitria, Elm, O. P. Astirin","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.10000120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.10000120","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The compound that allegedly derived from acetogenin has a mechanism of inhibition complex of mitochondrial. Inhibition complex of mitochondrial by acetogenin will cause a decline in the production of ATP and decrease the amount of ATP will induce apoptosis. Aims: The aim of this study is whether Annona muricata (A. muricara) containing tetrahydrofurane that can induce apoptosis? Method: To detection an active isolate carried out using the method of TLC. To determine the functional group terpenoids used VLC mobile phase in chloroform-ethyl acetate then used vanillin sulfuric acid. To find out more details on cluster group were characterized by FT-IR and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Cytotoxicity test of A. muricata leaves extract againt HeLa cells was evaluated by MTT method which saw the level of formazan absorbantion velue. Result: With vanillin sulfuric acid saw violet red color visible in light is a standard for terpenoid functional group. On the results of FT-IR spectrophotometry test indicated that the absorption of the lactone organic compound. From UV-Vis spectrophotometry test has high absorbance (wave length 222 and 230 nm) and may be a marker for the presence of tetrahydrofurane cluster compound. Of assay cytotoxicity obtained the value of R2=0.9035, namely there is a correlation in welfare between viability of HeLa cells with active isolates of A. muricata leaves. Conclusion: It is concluded that A. muricata leaves extract contain acetogenin which functional groupterpenoids, which cluster group-lactones as well as tetrahydrofurane. Cell viability of HeLa cells will progressively lower with increasing concentration of active isolates A. muricata leaves contains tetrahydrofurane","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70937216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-15DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.10000121
Firoj Km, Fa Xe, Yusuf Hb, Huang Zf
Objective: To analyze the role of plasma cytokines and endotoxin in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD) in concluding prognostic effect. Material and methods: A total of 85 patients with acute aortic dissection were admitted in 2nd affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou university from January 2009 to November 2015. Patients were divided into death group and survival group. At the time of admission (T1), 12 hours after admission (T2), 24 hours after admission (T3), the plasma level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin- 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosing factor- alpha(TNF-α) and endotoxins were measured. Results: The plasma level of IL-6, TNF-α and endotoxins in death group at each time point were significantly higher than survival group (F group=3.194, 5.973, 9.156, P 0.05. Conclusion: Plasma level of IL-6, TNF-α and endotoxin are increased in the acute aortic dissections showing the progressive development of AAD. Our findings in this study indicate the role of inflammation during AAD. The changing pattern of these markers can be used for diagnosis and prophylactic treatment of AAD.
{"title":"Role of Plasma Cytokines and Endotoxin in Patients with Acute AorticDissection","authors":"Firoj Km, Fa Xe, Yusuf Hb, Huang Zf","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.10000121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.10000121","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To analyze the role of plasma cytokines and endotoxin in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD) in concluding prognostic effect. Material and methods: A total of 85 patients with acute aortic dissection were admitted in 2nd affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou university from January 2009 to November 2015. Patients were divided into death group and survival group. At the time of admission (T1), 12 hours after admission (T2), 24 hours after admission (T3), the plasma level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin- 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosing factor- alpha(TNF-α) and endotoxins were measured. Results: The plasma level of IL-6, TNF-α and endotoxins in death group at each time point were significantly higher than survival group (F group=3.194, 5.973, 9.156, P 0.05. Conclusion: Plasma level of IL-6, TNF-α and endotoxin are increased in the acute aortic dissections showing the progressive development of AAD. Our findings in this study indicate the role of inflammation during AAD. The changing pattern of these markers can be used for diagnosis and prophylactic treatment of AAD.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/1745-7580.10000121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70936834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-15DOI: 10.4172/1745-7580.10000119
P. Zdziarski, G. Dworacki, A. Korzeniowska-Kowal, K. Ziemnicka
Good’s syndrome (GS), is a rare condition defined as a coexistence of thymoma and hipogammaglobulinaemia. Involvement of central lymphoid organ prompts concept about perturbation in lymphocyte migration and differentiation. Cell homing to bone marrow compartment depends on the CXCR4↔CXCL12 interaction. In this paper we describe two patients with GS-mild and severe form, presenting differences in the expression of CXCR4 on cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Patient 1 (mild form): (i) Mild hipogammaglobulinaemia (IgG=150 mg/dL), (ii) Low count of peripheral B cells (14%, 60 cells/μL) and NK (18%, 77cells/μL); high level of T cells (93.3%, 4006 cells/ μL), (iii) Moderate thymic enlargement (9 × 15 cm), (iv) CXCR4 expression in BM 82.6% (20139/μL), 34% CXCR4+CD19+ (8289/μL). Patient 2 (severe form): (i) Severe hipogammaglobulinaemia (IgG=20 mg/dL), (ii) Absence of B and NK cells deficiency (in peripheral blood 0.4% i.e., 10/μL, and 6.17%-47.3/μL respectively), (iii) Severe thymic enlargement (20 × 25 cm) (iv) CXCR4 expression in BM 46.3% (552/μL); 6.1%, CXCR4+CD19+ (174/ μL). Interestingly, the bone marrow of patient with severe form of GS contained more CD10-positive B cells than BM of the patient with mild form (80% vs. 5.88% of B cells), but in former as well as letter a significant proportion of the total CXCR4-positive lymphocytes are negative for B cells marker (comparable: 48.1% and 53.1% respectively). In our patients a tenfold decrease in the CD4-positive γδ T cells (CD4+TCRγδ) counts was observed. Both cases went up fatal due to progression of nasopharyngeal cancer (mild form) and breast cancer (severe form). This data confirm that earliest B cell precursors, pre-pro-B cells and end-stage B cells, plasma cells require CXCR4 ↔ CXCL12 interaction. In contrast in GS weak expression of CXCR4 in marrow precursors is source of B cell differentiation arrest on pro-B cell stage. The low level Nk and CD4+γδ T cells in Good syndrome is the new observation.
{"title":"Role of Chemokine Signalling in the Pathogenesis of Good's Syndrome-CaseReports, Clinical Characterization from Single-Centre Perspective","authors":"P. Zdziarski, G. Dworacki, A. Korzeniowska-Kowal, K. Ziemnicka","doi":"10.4172/1745-7580.10000119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.10000119","url":null,"abstract":"Good’s syndrome (GS), is a rare condition defined as a coexistence of thymoma and hipogammaglobulinaemia. Involvement of central lymphoid organ prompts concept about perturbation in lymphocyte migration and differentiation. Cell homing to bone marrow compartment depends on the CXCR4↔CXCL12 interaction. In this paper we describe two patients with GS-mild and severe form, presenting differences in the expression of CXCR4 on cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Patient 1 (mild form): (i) Mild hipogammaglobulinaemia (IgG=150 mg/dL), (ii) Low count of peripheral B cells (14%, 60 cells/μL) and NK (18%, 77cells/μL); high level of T cells (93.3%, 4006 cells/ μL), (iii) Moderate thymic enlargement (9 × 15 cm), (iv) CXCR4 expression in BM 82.6% (20139/μL), 34% CXCR4+CD19+ (8289/μL). Patient 2 (severe form): (i) Severe hipogammaglobulinaemia (IgG=20 mg/dL), (ii) Absence of B and NK cells deficiency (in peripheral blood 0.4% i.e., 10/μL, and 6.17%-47.3/μL respectively), (iii) Severe thymic enlargement (20 × 25 cm) (iv) CXCR4 expression in BM 46.3% (552/μL); 6.1%, CXCR4+CD19+ (174/ μL). Interestingly, the bone marrow of patient with severe form of GS contained more CD10-positive B cells than BM of the patient with mild form (80% vs. 5.88% of B cells), but in former as well as letter a significant proportion of the total CXCR4-positive lymphocytes are negative for B cells marker (comparable: 48.1% and 53.1% respectively). In our patients a tenfold decrease in the CD4-positive γδ T cells (CD4+TCRγδ) counts was observed. Both cases went up fatal due to progression of nasopharyngeal cancer (mild form) and breast cancer (severe form). This data confirm that earliest B cell precursors, pre-pro-B cells and end-stage B cells, plasma cells require CXCR4 ↔ CXCL12 interaction. In contrast in GS weak expression of CXCR4 in marrow precursors is source of B cell differentiation arrest on pro-B cell stage. The low level Nk and CD4+γδ T cells in Good syndrome is the new observation.","PeriodicalId":73347,"journal":{"name":"Immunome research","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70937296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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