Pub Date : 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1007/s11090-024-10466-8
Dmitriy A. Shutov, Kristina V. Smirnova, Alexander N. Ivanov, Sergey I. Kartashov, Vladimir V. Rybkin
The paper presents a novel method for obtaining cobalt ferrites with a spinel type structure under the action of a nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure gas-discharge plasma in air on a mixture of solid iron and cobalt hydroxonitrates. The data of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis showed that the synthesized powders have a complex phase and chemical composition, which depends on the Fe:Co molar ratio in the initial salts. The best result in terms of yield of cobalt ferrite is obtained with Fe:Co = 2:1. The resulting material contains 86 wt% Fe2CoO4, also 13.5 wt% Fe2O3 and 0.5 wt% Fe3O4. At other ratios, Co3O4 is also formed. According to dynamic light scattering data, the obtained powders consist of two characteristic fractions. The main fraction (94%) is represented by particles 105 ± 4 nm in size. And the other fraction (6%) consists of particles 18 ± 4 nm in size. The resulting materials have magnetic properties. So, for powders obtained from salts with Fe:Co = 2:1 the coercive force was (sim)490 Oe. The saturation magnetization was (sim)52 emu/g, and the remnant magnetization was (sim)22 emu/g.
{"title":"Solid Phase Synthesis of Cobalt Ferrite Under the Action of a DC Glow Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure","authors":"Dmitriy A. Shutov, Kristina V. Smirnova, Alexander N. Ivanov, Sergey I. Kartashov, Vladimir V. Rybkin","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10466-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10466-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper presents a novel method for obtaining cobalt ferrites with a spinel type structure under the action of a nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure gas-discharge plasma in air on a mixture of solid iron and cobalt hydroxonitrates. The data of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis showed that the synthesized powders have a complex phase and chemical composition, which depends on the Fe:Co molar ratio in the initial salts. The best result in terms of yield of cobalt ferrite is obtained with Fe:Co = 2:1. The resulting material contains 86 wt% Fe<sub>2</sub>CoO<sub>4</sub>, also 13.5 wt% Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and 0.5 wt% Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. At other ratios, Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> is also formed. According to dynamic light scattering data, the obtained powders consist of two characteristic fractions. The main fraction (94%) is represented by particles 105 ± 4 nm in size. And the other fraction (6%) consists of particles 18 ± 4 nm in size. The resulting materials have magnetic properties. So, for powders obtained from salts with Fe:Co = 2:1 the coercive force was <span>(sim)</span>490 Oe. The saturation magnetization was <span>(sim)</span>52 emu/g, and the remnant magnetization was <span>(sim)</span>22 emu/g.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"44 4","pages":"1625 - 1634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been reported as a promising technique in dentistry. The biosafety and mechanisms on periodontal tissue are especially important in clinical practice. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mechanisms of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) induced by CAP. The antimicrobial effect on Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) was evaluated using the colony-forming unit methods (CFU). Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were treated with CAP for variable times (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 min). CCK-8 assays were performed to detect cell viability and flow cytometry was performed to measure the cell cycle and apoptosis. Cell migration ability was determined by scratch assays. The physicochemical properties of plasma activated medium were evaluated, including the pH values, H2O2 and NO levels. DCF-DA staining and analysis were performed to evaluate intracellular ROS levels inside cells using flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) marker, phosphorylated γH2AX was used to establish the genotoxicity of plasma. The results showed that CAP has a significant inhibition effect of P. gingivalis after 6 min treatment. It has significantly dose-dependent effects that ranging from increasing cell proliferation to inducing apoptosis. A low doses (1, 2, 4, and 8 min) could enhance the cell proliferation. A high dose (16 min) resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation (p < 0.01). It is also shown that these effects are primarily due to the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS).
据报道,冷大气等离子体(CAP)是牙科领域一项很有前途的技术。在临床实践中,对牙周组织的生物安全性和机制尤为重要。本研究旨在评估 CAP 诱导的人牙周韧带成纤维细胞(hPDLFs)的细胞毒性、基因毒性和机制。使用菌落形成单位法(CFU)评估了对牙龈卟啉单胞菌(P. gingivalis)的抗菌效果。用 CAP 处理人类牙周韧带成纤维细胞的时间各不相同(1、2、4、8 和 16 分钟)。用 CCK-8 检测法检测细胞活力,用流式细胞仪测量细胞周期和细胞凋亡。细胞迁移能力通过划痕实验进行测定。评估了血浆活化培养基的理化性质,包括 pH 值、H2O2 和 NO 水平。使用流式细胞仪进行 DCF-DA 染色和分析,以评估细胞内的 ROS 水平。DNA双链断裂(DSBs)标记物磷酸化γH2AX的免疫荧光用于确定血浆的基因毒性。结果表明,6 分钟处理后,CAP 对牙龈脓胞有明显的抑制作用。它具有明显的剂量依赖性,从增加细胞增殖到诱导细胞凋亡。低剂量(1、2、4 和 8 分钟)可促进细胞增殖。高剂量(16 分钟)会抑制细胞增殖(p < 0.01)。研究还表明,这些影响主要是由于活性氧和氮物种(RONS)的形成。
{"title":"The Biosafety of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Induced by Cold Atmospheric Plasma in vitro: Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity and Mechanisms","authors":"Xiaojiao Zhang, Yinglong Li, Ruonan Ma, Zhitong Chen, Ruixue Wang, Zuomin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10482-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10482-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been reported as a promising technique in dentistry. The biosafety and mechanisms on periodontal tissue are especially important in clinical practice. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mechanisms of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) induced by CAP. The antimicrobial effect on <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis)</i> was evaluated using the colony-forming unit methods (CFU). Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were treated with CAP for variable times (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 min). CCK-8 assays were performed to detect cell viability and flow cytometry was performed to measure the cell cycle and apoptosis. Cell migration ability was determined by scratch assays. The physicochemical properties of plasma activated medium were evaluated, including the pH values, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and NO levels. DCF-DA staining and analysis were performed to evaluate intracellular ROS levels inside cells using flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) marker, phosphorylated γH2AX was used to establish the genotoxicity of plasma. The results showed that CAP has a significant inhibition effect of <i>P. gingivalis</i> after 6 min treatment. It has significantly dose-dependent effects that ranging from increasing cell proliferation to inducing apoptosis. A low doses (1, 2, 4, and 8 min) could enhance the cell proliferation. A high dose (16 min) resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation (<i>p</i> < 0.01). It is also shown that these effects are primarily due to the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"44 4","pages":"1635 - 1653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141369930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-08DOI: 10.1007/s11090-024-10483-7
Nikolay Sirotkin, Anna Khlyustova, Alexander Agafonov
In this work, the successful synthesis of nanostructures based on MXenes by initiating a pulse discharge between titanium wires immersed in carbon tetrachloride is presented. By choosing carbon tetrachloride as the environment, the formation of oxide structures in the synthesized samples could be avoided. The characterization of the obtained structures was carried out using various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis, EDS, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. The results confirmed the successful formation of MXenes with a Cl− occupying the interlayer space. The properties of the discharge initiated in CCl4 were also determined. The results suggest the potential of this plasma-liquid method for the synthesis of high-purity MXenes without impurities commonly found in conventionally prepared samples.
{"title":"Plasma-Liquid Synthesis as a New Method for the Production of MXenes","authors":"Nikolay Sirotkin, Anna Khlyustova, Alexander Agafonov","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10483-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10483-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, the successful synthesis of nanostructures based on MXenes by initiating a pulse discharge between titanium wires immersed in carbon tetrachloride is presented. By choosing carbon tetrachloride as the environment, the formation of oxide structures in the synthesized samples could be avoided. The characterization of the obtained structures was carried out using various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis, EDS, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. The results confirmed the successful formation of MXenes with a Cl<sup>−</sup> occupying the interlayer space. The properties of the discharge initiated in CCl<sub>4</sub> were also determined. The results suggest the potential of this plasma-liquid method for the synthesis of high-purity MXenes without impurities commonly found in conventionally prepared samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"44 4","pages":"1853 - 1866"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141368780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The stepped-nozzle arc plasma torch (SNAPT) is a promising arc source due to the advantages of high stability and high energy density, but the micro-time scale discharge characteristics have not yet been adequately investigated. In this study, a SNAPT was designed and studied, in order to investigate the effects of discharge current, gas flow rate, and nozzle morphology on the discharge characteristics. The results show that the volt-ampere characteristics of the SNAPT have an increasing curve when the gas flow rate is greater than 4 Nm3/h, and a decreasing curve when the gas flow rate is 3 Nm3/h. This result is related to the position of the arc root, and an arc constriction phenomenon occurs at high current and low gas flow rate. The thermal efficiency of the SNAPT decreases with the increasing current and decreasing gas flow rate, ranging from 69.6 to 82.3% within the experimental parameters. The optical emission spectroscopy results show that there are many active particles inside the plasma. The experimental parameters of the heavy particle temperature of 4851.5 to 9189.3 K and the electron temperature of 7846.9 to 10185.6 K both correspond to the Boltzmann distribution and are close to the local thermodynamic equilibrium state. Comparative experimental results show that the cylindrical-nozzle has the decreasing volt-ampere characteristics and higher voltages, but has large voltage fluctuations and poor stability compared with the stepped-nozzle. The results of the study are of guiding significance for design, selection of operating parameters, and application scenarios for this type of plasma torch.
{"title":"Experimental Study of the Discharge Characteristics of a Stepped-Nozzle Arc Plasma Torch","authors":"Kuan Li, Cheng Zhu, Yunfei Zhang, Zhaoyu Yu, Yuan Tian, Weidong Xia, Cheng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10481-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10481-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The stepped-nozzle arc plasma torch (SNAPT) is a promising arc source due to the advantages of high stability and high energy density, but the micro-time scale discharge characteristics have not yet been adequately investigated. In this study, a SNAPT was designed and studied, in order to investigate the effects of discharge current, gas flow rate, and nozzle morphology on the discharge characteristics. The results show that the volt-ampere characteristics of the SNAPT have an increasing curve when the gas flow rate is greater than 4 Nm<sup>3</sup>/h, and a decreasing curve when the gas flow rate is 3 Nm<sup>3</sup>/h. This result is related to the position of the arc root, and an arc constriction phenomenon occurs at high current and low gas flow rate. The thermal efficiency of the SNAPT decreases with the increasing current and decreasing gas flow rate, ranging from 69.6 to 82.3% within the experimental parameters. The optical emission spectroscopy results show that there are many active particles inside the plasma. The experimental parameters of the heavy particle temperature of 4851.5 to 9189.3 K and the electron temperature of 7846.9 to 10185.6 K both correspond to the Boltzmann distribution and are close to the local thermodynamic equilibrium state. Comparative experimental results show that the cylindrical-nozzle has the decreasing volt-ampere characteristics and higher voltages, but has large voltage fluctuations and poor stability compared with the stepped-nozzle. The results of the study are of guiding significance for design, selection of operating parameters, and application scenarios for this type of plasma torch.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"44 4","pages":"1469 - 1492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work investigates the effect of Ar addition on N2 gliding arc plasma to enhance ammonium ions concentration in water. The concentration of ammonium ion (left({text{N}text{H}}_{4}^{+}right)) increased by 50.2% when Ar gas was added upto 40% by volume to the N2 gliding arc plasma, thus indicating the significant contribution of Ar in ({text{N}text{H}}_{4}^{+}) synthesis. Adding 20% Ar in N2 resulted in a maximum ({ text{N}text{H}}_{4}^{+}) concentration of 16.5 ppm and a production rate of 1.31 mg hr-1. While adding 40% Ar into N2 plasma, the highest energy efficiency of 0.036 g-({text{N}text{H}}_{4}^{+})KWh−1was obtained with a specific energy input of 742.5 J/L. The mechanisms of ({ text{N}text{H}}_{4}^{+}) enrichment with Ar addition were investigated by studying the electrical properties, vibrational, rotational and electron temperature of the gliding arc plasma with respect to the addition of Ar concentration in N2 plasma. Results show that the addition of Ar raises the vibrational and electron temperatures, and decreases the rotational temperature of the gliding arc plasma. (As per the reviewer-2 suggestion, this line has been removed from the abstract). Particularly, the presence of 26.5% Ar by volume in N2 plasma results in a significant ion current, which generates high ionization of ({text{N}}_{2}^{+}).
这项工作研究了在 N2 滑翔弧等离子体中添加 Ar 以提高水中铵离子浓度的效果。当在 N2 滑翔电弧等离子体中加入高达 40% 体积的 Ar 气体时,铵离子的浓度增加了 50.2%,这表明了 Ar 在合成中的重要作用。在 N2 中添加 20% 的 Ar 会导致最大 ({{N}text{H}}_{4}^{+}) 浓度达到 16.5 ppm,生产率达到 1.31 mg hr-1。在 N2 等离子体中加入 40% 的 Ar 时,能量效率最高,为 0.036 g-({text{N}text{H}}_{4}^{+})KWh-1,比能量输入为 742.5 J/L。通过研究滑弧等离子体的电学特性、振动、旋转和电子温度与 N2 等离子体中添加 Ar 浓度的关系,研究了添加 Ar 后 ({text{N}text{H}}_{4}^{+}) 富集的机理。结果表明,添加 Ar 会提高滑行弧等离子体的振动温度和电子温度,降低旋转温度。(根据审稿人-2 的建议,这一行已从摘要中删除)。特别是,在 N2 等离子体中存在体积分数为 26.5% 的 Ar 时,会产生很大的离子电流,从而使 ({text{N}}_{2}^{+})高度电离。
{"title":"Effect of Argon in Nitrogen Gliding Arc Plasma for Ammonium Ions Enrichment in Water","authors":"Indumathy Balakrishnan, Ananthanarasimhan Jayanarasimhan, Lakshminarayana Rao, Suraj Kumar Sinha, Yugeswaran Subramaniam","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10473-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-024-10473-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work investigates the effect of Ar addition on N<sub>2</sub> gliding arc plasma to enhance ammonium ions concentration in water. The concentration of ammonium ion <span>(left({text{N}text{H}}_{4}^{+}right))</span> increased by 50.2% when Ar gas was added upto 40% by volume to the N<sub>2</sub> gliding arc plasma, thus indicating the significant contribution of Ar in <span>({text{N}text{H}}_{4}^{+})</span> synthesis. Adding 20% Ar in N<sub>2</sub> resulted in a maximum <span>({ text{N}text{H}}_{4}^{+})</span> concentration of 16.5 ppm and a production rate of 1.31 mg hr<sup>-1</sup>. While adding 40% Ar into N<sub>2</sub> plasma, the highest energy efficiency of 0.036 g-<span>({text{N}text{H}}_{4}^{+})</span>KWh<sup>−1</sup>was obtained with a specific energy input of 742.5 J/L. The mechanisms of <span>({ text{N}text{H}}_{4}^{+})</span> enrichment with Ar addition were investigated by studying the electrical properties, vibrational, rotational and electron temperature of the gliding arc plasma with respect to the addition of Ar concentration in N<sub>2</sub> plasma. Results show that the addition of Ar raises the vibrational and electron temperatures, and decreases the rotational temperature of the gliding arc plasma. (As per the reviewer-2 suggestion, this line has been removed from the abstract). Particularly, the presence of 26.5% Ar by volume in N<sub>2</sub> plasma results in a significant ion current, which generates high ionization of <span>({text{N}}_{2}^{+})</span>.</p>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141172070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1007/s11090-024-10478-4
K. M. Rabadanov, N. A. Ashurbekov, K. O. Iminov, G. Sh. Shakhsinov, M. Z. Zakaryaeva, A. A. Murtazaeva
In this work, we investigate the effect of an external transverse weak magnetic field on the creation of metastable helium atoms and excited helium molecules in a high-voltage pulsed discharge in helium at medium pressure. A two-dimensional fluid model is used to describe a high-voltage pulsed discharge in helium in the external transverse weak magnetic field. The dynamics of discharge development in the high-voltage pulsed discharge in helium at a pressure of 30 Torr in the presence and absence of the magnetic field is studied. The effect of the external magnetic field on the behavior of the density of charged particles, metastable helium atoms, and excited helium molecules in the high-voltage pulsed helium discharge has been investigated. It is shown that in the discharge region, the density of metastable atoms decreases when a transverse magnetic field is applied, which is a consequence of an increase in the frequency of stepwise ionization.
{"title":"Metastable Helium Atom Creation Dynamics in High-Voltage Pulsed Discharge with Transverse Magnetic Field Effects","authors":"K. M. Rabadanov, N. A. Ashurbekov, K. O. Iminov, G. Sh. Shakhsinov, M. Z. Zakaryaeva, A. A. Murtazaeva","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10478-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10478-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we investigate the effect of an external transverse weak magnetic field on the creation of metastable helium atoms and excited helium molecules in a high-voltage pulsed discharge in helium at medium pressure. A two-dimensional fluid model is used to describe a high-voltage pulsed discharge in helium in the external transverse weak magnetic field. The dynamics of discharge development in the high-voltage pulsed discharge in helium at a pressure of 30 Torr in the presence and absence of the magnetic field is studied. The effect of the external magnetic field on the behavior of the density of charged particles, metastable helium atoms, and excited helium molecules in the high-voltage pulsed helium discharge has been investigated. It is shown that in the discharge region, the density of metastable atoms decreases when a transverse magnetic field is applied, which is a consequence of an increase in the frequency of stepwise ionization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"44 4","pages":"1563 - 1574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141172217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1007/s11090-024-10475-7
F. S. Miranda, V. K. F. Tavares, D. M. Silva, N. V. M. Milhan, N. F. Azevedo Neto, M. P. Gomes, R. S. Pessoa, C. Y. Koga-Ito
In this study, a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor was employed using various gases: compressed air (CA), helium (He), or argon (Ar) to produce plasma-activated water (PAW) from deionized water. The influence of these gases on the generation and quantification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) was examined. Their impact on PAW's physicochemical properties, including pH, oxygen reduction potential (ORP), and conductivity, was also assessed. In parallel, the efficacy of produced PAW against microbial species such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans was evaluated, in addition to their cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Notably, after a 10-min contact, a 99.99% reduction in S. aureus and E. coli was observed when CA and Ar were used, and reductions of 99.96% and 99.95% were seen when He was employed, respectively. For C. albicans, reductions of 12.05% with CA, 22.89% with Ar, and 39.76% with He was observed. After 30 min, a reduction of up to 53.41% was achieved with Ar. Additionally, PAW generated with all the gases were classified as non-cytotoxic. These findings underscore the potential of the coaxial DBD reactor system in PAW production, emphasizing its significant antimicrobial properties and low toxicity to mammalian cells.
本研究采用同轴介质阻挡放电(DBD)反应器,使用各种气体:压缩空气(CA)、氦气(He)或氩气(Ar),从去离子水中生成等离子活化水(PAW)。研究了这些气体对活性氧和氮物种(RONS)的生成和定量的影响。此外,还评估了这些气体对 PAW 的物理化学特性(包括 pH 值、氧还原电位 (ORP) 和电导率)的影响。同时,还评估了所生产的 PAW 对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌等微生物的功效,以及对哺乳动物细胞的细胞毒性。值得注意的是,在接触 10 分钟后,使用 CA 和 Ar 时,金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的减少率为 99.99%;使用 He 时,金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的减少率分别为 99.96% 和 99.95%。对于白僵菌,使用 CA 时可减少 12.05%,使用 Ar 时可减少 22.89%,使用 He 时可减少 39.76%。30 分钟后,氩气的减少率高达 53.41%。此外,所有气体产生的 PAW 都被归类为无细胞毒性。这些发现凸显了同轴 DBD 反应器系统在生产 PAW 方面的潜力,强调了其显著的抗菌特性和对哺乳动物细胞的低毒性。
{"title":"Influence of Gas Type on Reactive Species Formation, Antimicrobial Activity, and Cytotoxicity of Plasma-Activated Water Produced in a Coaxial DBD Reactor","authors":"F. S. Miranda, V. K. F. Tavares, D. M. Silva, N. V. M. Milhan, N. F. Azevedo Neto, M. P. Gomes, R. S. Pessoa, C. Y. Koga-Ito","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10475-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10475-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor was employed using various gases: compressed air (CA), helium (He), or argon (Ar) to produce plasma-activated water (PAW) from deionized water. The influence of these gases on the generation and quantification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) was examined. Their impact on PAW's physicochemical properties, including pH, oxygen reduction potential (ORP), and conductivity, was also assessed. In parallel, the efficacy of produced PAW against microbial species such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i> was evaluated, in addition to their cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Notably, after a 10-min contact, a 99.99% reduction in <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i> was observed when CA and Ar were used, and reductions of 99.96% and 99.95% were seen when He was employed, respectively. For <i>C. albicans</i>, reductions of 12.05% with CA, 22.89% with Ar, and 39.76% with He was observed. After 30 min, a reduction of up to 53.41% was achieved with Ar. Additionally, PAW generated with all the gases were classified as non-cytotoxic. These findings underscore the potential of the coaxial DBD reactor system in PAW production, emphasizing its significant antimicrobial properties and low toxicity to mammalian cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"44 4","pages":"1713 - 1733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141100802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.1007/s11090-024-10479-3
Pratik Doshi, Vladimír Scholtz, Alexandra Oplíštilová, Josef Khun, Myron Klenivskyi, Jaroslav Julák, Michal Šerý, Božena Šerá
Over the last decade, more and more attention has been paid to applications of non-thermal plasma in agriculture, where it is used to decontaminate various microorganisms and to improve the seed germination. In this study, we present the results of a newly developed point-to-ring NTP transient spark discharge apparatus (NTP), plasma activated water (PAW) and their combined treatment on Durum wheat and Common wheat grains under laboratory conditions. Transient spark discharge treatment was used as direct treatment while indirect treatment of wheat grains was performed by PAW produced in point-to-plane NTP transient spark apparatus. We found that the degree of grain surface decontamination was in order NTP > PAW > combined treatment. In the case of Durum wheat grain germination, all treatments increased germination with increasing exposure times, while in the case of Common wheat, PAW treatment and combined treatment did not significantly increase the grain germination. In conclusion, plasma treatment has enormous potential for use in agriculture and its possibilities need to be fully explored.
{"title":"Effect of Transient Spark Discharge and Plasma Activated Water Treatments against Fusarium graminearum Infected Wheat Grains under Laboratory Conditions","authors":"Pratik Doshi, Vladimír Scholtz, Alexandra Oplíštilová, Josef Khun, Myron Klenivskyi, Jaroslav Julák, Michal Šerý, Božena Šerá","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10479-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10479-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the last decade, more and more attention has been paid to applications of non-thermal plasma in agriculture, where it is used to decontaminate various microorganisms and to improve the seed germination. In this study, we present the results of a newly developed point-to-ring NTP transient spark discharge apparatus (NTP), plasma activated water (PAW) and their combined treatment on Durum wheat and Common wheat grains under laboratory conditions. Transient spark discharge treatment was used as direct treatment while indirect treatment of wheat grains was performed by PAW produced in point-to-plane NTP transient spark apparatus. We found that the degree of grain surface decontamination was in order NTP > PAW > combined treatment. In the case of Durum wheat grain germination, all treatments increased germination with increasing exposure times, while in the case of Common wheat, PAW treatment and combined treatment did not significantly increase the grain germination. In conclusion, plasma treatment has enormous potential for use in agriculture and its possibilities need to be fully explored.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"44 4","pages":"1689 - 1712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-024-10479-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140965715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1007/s11090-024-10477-5
Sakshi Vijay, B. S. Rajanikanth
The increased usage of diesel in the past 20 years, particularly in developing countries like India, has resulted in serious concerns in abating gaseous pollutants such as oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and hydrocarbons (HC). On the other hand, the growing metallurgical processing industries leave behind tons of solid waste, making waste management a bigger issue. In the current work several industry wastes have been tested under discharge plasma environment for their catalytic properties in the removal of HCs from diesel exhaust. To explore the benefit of metal oxide components, present in industry wastes, a new approach was proposed in this work wherein two industrial wastes were blended to form a composite waste which was then powdered and bound to form pellets. Four such composite waste-based pellets, namely red mud + iron tailing, iron tailing + lignite ash, lignite ash + copper slag and red mud + oyster shells, were tested for their catalytic properties under plasma environment. Exhaust emanating from a 6 HP engine is sampled and studied for HC removal in a pulsed plasma reactor embedded with composite wastes. The pellets being porous in nature, studies were also conducted for HC adsorption by cascading composite wastes with plasma alone while treating the exhaust. All the composite wastes exhibited good plasma catalysis in HC removal (58–73%) when compared to that with plasma alone (31%). Further, there is a marked difference between plasma adsorption and plasma catalysis by a factor of 1.75–2.2 indicating synergy between plasma and metal oxides present in composite wastes while catalysing HC removal.
过去 20 年来,柴油的使用量不断增加,尤其是在印度等发展中国家,这导致人们对减少氮氧化物(NOX)和碳氢化合物(HC)等气体污染物的严重关切。另一方面,不断增长的冶金加工业留下了成吨的固体废物,使废物管理成为一个更大的问题。在目前的工作中,我们在放电等离子体环境下测试了几种工业废料在去除柴油机尾气中 HC 方面的催化特性。为了探索工业废料中金属氧化物成分的益处,本研究提出了一种新方法,将两种工业废料混合形成一种复合废料,然后将其粉化并粘合成颗粒。在等离子环境下,测试了四种基于废物的复合颗粒,即赤泥+铁尾矿、铁尾矿+褐煤灰、褐煤灰+铜渣和赤泥+牡蛎壳的催化特性。对一台 6 马力发动机排出的废气进行了取样,并在嵌入了复合废物的脉冲等离子体反应器中进行了去除碳氢化合物的研究。由于颗粒具有多孔性,在处理废气的同时,还研究了复合废料与等离子体串联吸附 HC 的情况。与单独使用等离子体(31%)相比,所有复合废料在去除 HC 方面都表现出良好的等离子体催化作用(58%-73%)。此外,等离子体吸附和等离子体催化之间存在 1.75-2.2 倍的明显差异,表明等离子体和复合废料中的金属氧化物在催化去除 HC 时具有协同作用。
{"title":"Study on Synergy Between Plasma and Composite Industry Wastes in Catalyzing HC Removal in Diesel Exhaust","authors":"Sakshi Vijay, B. S. Rajanikanth","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10477-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10477-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increased usage of diesel in the past 20 years, particularly in developing countries like India, has resulted in serious concerns in abating gaseous pollutants such as oxides of nitrogen (NO<sub>X</sub>) and hydrocarbons (HC). On the other hand, the growing metallurgical processing industries leave behind tons of solid waste, making waste management a bigger issue. In the current work several industry wastes have been tested under discharge plasma environment for their catalytic properties in the removal of HCs from diesel exhaust. To explore the benefit of metal oxide components, present in industry wastes, a new approach was proposed in this work wherein two industrial wastes were blended to form a composite waste which was then powdered and bound to form pellets. Four such composite waste-based pellets, namely <i>red mud</i> + <i>iron tailing, iron tailing</i> + <i>lignite ash, lignite ash</i> + <i>copper slag and red mud</i> + <i>oyster shells,</i> were tested for their catalytic properties under plasma environment. Exhaust emanating from a 6 HP engine is sampled and studied for HC removal in a pulsed plasma reactor embedded with composite wastes. The pellets being porous in nature, studies were also conducted for HC adsorption by cascading composite wastes with plasma alone while treating the exhaust. All the composite wastes exhibited good plasma catalysis in HC removal (58–73%) when compared to that with plasma alone (31%). Further, there is a marked difference between plasma adsorption and plasma catalysis by a factor of 1.75–2.2 indicating synergy between plasma and metal oxides present in composite wastes while catalysing HC removal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"44 4","pages":"1529 - 1546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140967719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1007/s11090-024-10474-8
Xiangyi Meng, Na Lu, Kefeng Shang, Nan Jiang
Plasma nitrogen fixation technology is of great significance in solving the problem of nitrogen fertilizer resource shortage, saving energy and reducing carbon emission, promoting sustainable development of agriculture and promoting resource recycling. To enhance the efficiency and treatment capacity of the two-dimensional, blade-type gliding arc nitrogen fixation reaction, a dielectric-boosted gliding arc discharge reactor with a 50-mm-diameter quartz dielectric (DBGADΦ50) was used to conduct N2 fixation into NOx. The impact of reactor parameters and gas parameters on the nitrogen fixation reaction was systematically investigated in this study. The findings revealed that the DBGADΦ50 significantly improved the nitrogen fixation effect. At a specific input energy of 2.7 kJ/L, the concentration of NOx generated by the dielectric-boosted gliding arc air discharge was 1.12 times that of the conventional gliding arc discharge (GAD). By utilizing the DBGADΦ50 reactor, the energy efficiency of 6.83 g/kW h was achieved at a gas flow rate of 5.6 L/min. Appropriately increasing O2 concentration favors the production of NOx. In the DBGADΦ50, the NOx concentration was 1.33 times higher than that in the air atmosphere when the added O2 volume fraction reached 30%. Performance can be further enhanced by adding TiO2 catalyst particles to the surface of the quartz dielectric to form a catalyst layer approximately 5 mm thick. At an O2 concentration of 30%, the DBGADΦ50 reactor loaded with TiO2 increased NOx concentration by 26% and energy efficiency by 49%, respectively, resulting in an efficiency of 14.9 g/kW h compared to the case without catalyst.
{"title":"Dielectric-Boosted Gliding Arc Discharge for N2 Fixation into NOx","authors":"Xiangyi Meng, Na Lu, Kefeng Shang, Nan Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10474-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10474-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plasma nitrogen fixation technology is of great significance in solving the problem of nitrogen fertilizer resource shortage, saving energy and reducing carbon emission, promoting sustainable development of agriculture and promoting resource recycling. To enhance the efficiency and treatment capacity of the two-dimensional, blade-type gliding arc nitrogen fixation reaction, a dielectric-boosted gliding arc discharge reactor with a 50-mm-diameter quartz dielectric (DBGAD<sub><i>Φ</i>50</sub>) was used to conduct N<sub>2</sub> fixation into NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>. The impact of reactor parameters and gas parameters on the nitrogen fixation reaction was systematically investigated in this study. The findings revealed that the DBGAD<sub><i>Φ</i>50</sub> significantly improved the nitrogen fixation effect. At a specific input energy of 2.7 kJ/L, the concentration of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> generated by the dielectric-boosted gliding arc air discharge was 1.12 times that of the conventional gliding arc discharge (GAD). By utilizing the DBGAD<sub><i>Φ</i>50</sub> reactor, the energy efficiency of 6.83 g/kW h was achieved at a gas flow rate of 5.6 L/min. Appropriately increasing O<sub>2</sub> concentration favors the production of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>. In the DBGAD<sub><i>Φ</i>50</sub>, the NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> concentration was 1.33 times higher than that in the air atmosphere when the added O<sub>2</sub> volume fraction reached 30%. Performance can be further enhanced by adding TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst particles to the surface of the quartz dielectric to form a catalyst layer approximately 5 mm thick. At an O<sub>2</sub> concentration of 30%, the DBGAD<sub><i>Φ</i>50</sub> reactor loaded with TiO<sub>2</sub> increased NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> concentration by 26% and energy efficiency by 49%, respectively, resulting in an efficiency of 14.9 g/kW h compared to the case without catalyst.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"44 4","pages":"1513 - 1528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}