Pub Date : 2020-10-30DOI: 10.11648/J.IJBECS.20200603.12
M. Abroudi, Amir Ganji Fard, G. Dadashizadeh, Omid Gholami, D. Mahdian
Background: Ferula assa-foetida is a herbaceous plant of the Umbelliferae family having a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antiseptic, antibacterial, anti-inflammation, and, anti-tumor activity against a wide range of cancers. Among these features, antitumor activity has become more important in recent years and it still demands more investigations to address the underlying mechanisms. Purpose: This current study was conducted to evaluate the anti-proliferative effect of Ferula assa-foetida on PC12 and MCF7 cells as well as examining its mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Cells were cultured in DMEM medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 µg/ml streptomycin. Cells incubated with different concentrations of the ethanolic extract of Ferula assa-foetida. Notably, cytotoxicity and apoptosis assay were measured by MTT and PI staining, respectively. Results: The MTT results showed that the ethanolic extract of Ferula assa-foetida in concentrations of 10, 7, 5, and 2.5 μM on both PC12 and MCF7 cells had a significant effect in cell viability and apoptosis induction in comparison to control group. Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that Ferula assa-fetida through the induction of apoptosis prevented the growth of PC12 and MCF7 cells and made a reduction in cell viability with different concentrations in a time- and dose-dependent manner. However, more studies are needed to reveal the mechanisms of Ferula assa-foetida’s extract in apoptosis induction.
{"title":"Antiproliferative Effects of Ferula assa-foetida’s Extract on PC12 and MCF7 Cancer Cells","authors":"M. Abroudi, Amir Ganji Fard, G. Dadashizadeh, Omid Gholami, D. Mahdian","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBECS.20200603.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBECS.20200603.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ferula assa-foetida is a herbaceous plant of the Umbelliferae family having a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antiseptic, antibacterial, anti-inflammation, and, anti-tumor activity against a wide range of cancers. Among these features, antitumor activity has become more important in recent years and it still demands more investigations to address the underlying mechanisms. Purpose: This current study was conducted to evaluate the anti-proliferative effect of Ferula assa-foetida on PC12 and MCF7 cells as well as examining its mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Cells were cultured in DMEM medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 µg/ml streptomycin. Cells incubated with different concentrations of the ethanolic extract of Ferula assa-foetida. Notably, cytotoxicity and apoptosis assay were measured by MTT and PI staining, respectively. Results: The MTT results showed that the ethanolic extract of Ferula assa-foetida in concentrations of 10, 7, 5, and 2.5 μM on both PC12 and MCF7 cells had a significant effect in cell viability and apoptosis induction in comparison to control group. Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that Ferula assa-fetida through the induction of apoptosis prevented the growth of PC12 and MCF7 cells and made a reduction in cell viability with different concentrations in a time- and dose-dependent manner. However, more studies are needed to reveal the mechanisms of Ferula assa-foetida’s extract in apoptosis induction.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79989534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.29.20142489
T. Abebe
The main objective of this study is to forecast COVID-19 case in Ethiopiausing the best-fitted model. The time series data of COVID-19 case in Ethiopia from March 14, 2020 to June 05, 2020 were used.To this end, exponential growth, single exponential smoothing method, and doubleexponential smoothing methodwere used. To evaluate the forecasting performance of the model, root mean sum of square error was used. The study showed that double exponential smoothing methods was appropriate in forecasting the future number ofCOVID-19 cases in Ethiopia as dictated by lowest value of root mean sum of square error. The forecasting model shows that the number of coronavirus cases in Ethiopia grows exponentially. The finding of the results would help the concerned stakeholders to make the right decisions based on the information given on forecasts.
{"title":"Forecasting the Number of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Cases in Ethiopia Using Exponential Smoothing Times Series Model","authors":"T. Abebe","doi":"10.1101/2020.06.29.20142489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.29.20142489","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study is to forecast COVID-19 case in Ethiopiausing the best-fitted model. The time series data of COVID-19 case in Ethiopia from March 14, 2020 to June 05, 2020 were used.To this end, exponential growth, single exponential smoothing method, and doubleexponential smoothing methodwere used. To evaluate the forecasting performance of the model, root mean sum of square error was used. The study showed that double exponential smoothing methods was appropriate in forecasting the future number ofCOVID-19 cases in Ethiopia as dictated by lowest value of root mean sum of square error. The forecasting model shows that the number of coronavirus cases in Ethiopia grows exponentially. The finding of the results would help the concerned stakeholders to make the right decisions based on the information given on forecasts.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87268455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-05DOI: 10.11648/J.IJBECS.20200602.12
Ataguadil Mekonnen, Zemnu Awoke
Abortion is an important cause of bleeding during pregnancy. It is one of the five Leading causes of maternal death in the developing world. Moreover, in developing country, abortion is the major cause of maternal mortality, which in Ethiopia safe abortion accounts 60% considering the huge number of maternal deaths due to abortion. The aim of this study is to Assessment of KAP Women of Reproductive Age Group towards Abortion Care at Gambella health facilities. An institutional based cross-sectional study will be conducted at 4 Health facilities in Gambella town from August 15 to September 30, 2019. A total of 412 pregnant women will be selected by systematic random sampling technique. Data will be coded and entered into Epi-info version 3.1 and exported to SPSS V-20 for cleaning and analysis. At bivariate logistic regression analysis, independent variables with cut off P-value<0.25 was included. In the multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to assess the independent effect of various explanatory variables on the dependent and to control potential confounder. P values <0.05 were considered to identify the significant factors associated with the dependent variable. Out of 422 sampled women of reproductive age group (15-49 years of age), 412 were interviewed making up a response rate of 97.6%. The majority of 39.1% participants had knowledge about legal abortion service and 69.5% of women in reproductive age group had inadequate knowledge towards safe abortion and who think about abortion, 174 (42.2%) were said that it is Sin against God, 52 (12.5%) were said that it is good, 67 (16.2%) were said that it is harm full practice and 40 (9.6%) were they don’t knew. Attitude towards safe abortion about, One hundred Eight two (29.9%) women of reproductive age group have positive attitude towards safe abortion to be legal and accessible under any circumstance. The majority of 322 (78.1%), of them knew at least one type of abortion complication. From the total respondents 405 (98.3%) of them had sexual intercourse at least once. Only 66 (16.3%) of respondents had induced abortion before. Conclusion and Recommendation: More than 30.5%, 29.9% of the respondents were inadequate knowledge and lacking knowledge and had negative attitude towards induced abortion respectively. Therefore, it would be better to disseminate health education to increase awareness and knowledge, Practice regarding induced abortion and also strengthening family planning implementation.
{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Women of Reproductive Age Group Towards Abortion Care at Gambella Health Facilities, South West of Ethiopia","authors":"Ataguadil Mekonnen, Zemnu Awoke","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBECS.20200602.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBECS.20200602.12","url":null,"abstract":"Abortion is an important cause of bleeding during pregnancy. It is one of the five Leading causes of maternal death in the developing world. Moreover, in developing country, abortion is the major cause of maternal mortality, which in Ethiopia safe abortion accounts 60% considering the huge number of maternal deaths due to abortion. The aim of this study is to Assessment of KAP Women of Reproductive Age Group towards Abortion Care at Gambella health facilities. An institutional based cross-sectional study will be conducted at 4 Health facilities in Gambella town from August 15 to September 30, 2019. A total of 412 pregnant women will be selected by systematic random sampling technique. Data will be coded and entered into Epi-info version 3.1 and exported to SPSS V-20 for cleaning and analysis. At bivariate logistic regression analysis, independent variables with cut off P-value<0.25 was included. In the multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to assess the independent effect of various explanatory variables on the dependent and to control potential confounder. P values <0.05 were considered to identify the significant factors associated with the dependent variable. Out of 422 sampled women of reproductive age group (15-49 years of age), 412 were interviewed making up a response rate of 97.6%. The majority of 39.1% participants had knowledge about legal abortion service and 69.5% of women in reproductive age group had inadequate knowledge towards safe abortion and who think about abortion, 174 (42.2%) were said that it is Sin against God, 52 (12.5%) were said that it is good, 67 (16.2%) were said that it is harm full practice and 40 (9.6%) were they don’t knew. Attitude towards safe abortion about, One hundred Eight two (29.9%) women of reproductive age group have positive attitude towards safe abortion to be legal and accessible under any circumstance. The majority of 322 (78.1%), of them knew at least one type of abortion complication. From the total respondents 405 (98.3%) of them had sexual intercourse at least once. Only 66 (16.3%) of respondents had induced abortion before. Conclusion and Recommendation: More than 30.5%, 29.9% of the respondents were inadequate knowledge and lacking knowledge and had negative attitude towards induced abortion respectively. Therefore, it would be better to disseminate health education to increase awareness and knowledge, Practice regarding induced abortion and also strengthening family planning implementation.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75533386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-21DOI: 10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190504.15
Mohammed Temam
Low-temperature storage structures are the major weapon that the postharvest operator uses to maintain quality and extend life of harvested horticultural products. A low temperature not only reduces respiration rate, but also water loss through transpiration, nutritional loss, postharvest decay and ethylene production. Laboratory studies were conducted on the water holding capacity of the selected walling materials after socking them in water overnight. Scoria, charcoal and filla (single strap and double strap) were used for the study at different times. A water holding capacity of up to 122.72% was recorded in 24 hours of soaking in the case of the filla walling material. Similar studies were conducted on other walling materials like scoria and charcoal. Tests were conducted under no load and loaded conditions. Longer shelf life is manifested in the scoria and charcoal storage structures, attributed to higher humidity, lower temperature, less color change indicates lower rate of spoilage. Three creates of cleaned potato were stored in the potato store and in the laboratory as a control. Data on weight loss, spoilage and sprouting were taken for 50 days for the ware potato. Then the test was extended for another two months to assess the quality of the structure as a seed potato store. The degree of spoilage was lower compared to the control, but the difference was not significant in the ware potato. As a seed store, the number of sprouts, especially higher number of potatoes with greater than 5 sprouts was recorded in the control, which was also significant. From this preliminary result the structure could be a better choice as a potato seed store.
{"title":"Increased Production of Horticultural Crops Through the Introduction of Postharvest Handling Technology","authors":"Mohammed Temam","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190504.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190504.15","url":null,"abstract":"Low-temperature storage structures are the major weapon that the postharvest operator uses to maintain quality and extend life of harvested horticultural products. A low temperature not only reduces respiration rate, but also water loss through transpiration, nutritional loss, postharvest decay and ethylene production. Laboratory studies were conducted on the water holding capacity of the selected walling materials after socking them in water overnight. Scoria, charcoal and filla (single strap and double strap) were used for the study at different times. A water holding capacity of up to 122.72% was recorded in 24 hours of soaking in the case of the filla walling material. Similar studies were conducted on other walling materials like scoria and charcoal. Tests were conducted under no load and loaded conditions. Longer shelf life is manifested in the scoria and charcoal storage structures, attributed to higher humidity, lower temperature, less color change indicates lower rate of spoilage. Three creates of cleaned potato were stored in the potato store and in the laboratory as a control. Data on weight loss, spoilage and sprouting were taken for 50 days for the ware potato. Then the test was extended for another two months to assess the quality of the structure as a seed potato store. The degree of spoilage was lower compared to the control, but the difference was not significant in the ware potato. As a seed store, the number of sprouts, especially higher number of potatoes with greater than 5 sprouts was recorded in the control, which was also significant. From this preliminary result the structure could be a better choice as a potato seed store.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75068073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-20DOI: 10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190504.14
K. C. Shaha, A. Sharmin, R. Karim, B. Jyoti
Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the disease pattern and drugs load of the ICU patients at a tertiary level teaching hospital in Mymensingh. Methods and Materials: It was a descriptive type of observational study conducted in the intensive care unit of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh during the period of June 2016 to December 2016. Purposive sampling was adopted for collecting data. All the admitted ICU patients were included in this study. The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee. Results: Most of the patients in the ICU belonged to the elder age group >60 years and male patients were predominant than the female ones. Average duration of stay in ICU was 4.35 days. Admissions with respiratory system disorders were more common in ICU and in the present study it revealed that 31.68% of the reported cases belonged to respiratory problems. Average number of drugs per prescription was 6.46. Average number of anti-microbial drugs per prescription was 1.38. Conclusion: Respiratory system related admissions were common in ICU. The average number of drugs per prescription was less than the other studies. Prescription protocols need to be addressed to guide appropriate use of drugs in the ICU setting.
{"title":"Disease Patterns and Drugs Load of the ICU Patients in a Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital","authors":"K. C. Shaha, A. Sharmin, R. Karim, B. Jyoti","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190504.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190504.14","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the disease pattern and drugs load of the ICU patients at a tertiary level teaching hospital in Mymensingh. Methods and Materials: It was a descriptive type of observational study conducted in the intensive care unit of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh during the period of June 2016 to December 2016. Purposive sampling was adopted for collecting data. All the admitted ICU patients were included in this study. The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee. Results: Most of the patients in the ICU belonged to the elder age group >60 years and male patients were predominant than the female ones. Average duration of stay in ICU was 4.35 days. Admissions with respiratory system disorders were more common in ICU and in the present study it revealed that 31.68% of the reported cases belonged to respiratory problems. Average number of drugs per prescription was 6.46. Average number of anti-microbial drugs per prescription was 1.38. Conclusion: Respiratory system related admissions were common in ICU. The average number of drugs per prescription was less than the other studies. Prescription protocols need to be addressed to guide appropriate use of drugs in the ICU setting.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90203208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-14DOI: 10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190504.13
Selamawit Fentahun Ali
Veterinary drugs are used as therapeutic, prophylactic and growth promotion. The review was conducted with the aim of assessing the rational use of veterinary antimicrobials. Veterinary drugs are used in livestock sector either rationally or irrationally. Rational use of veterinary drugs means sick animals receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements, for an adequate period, and at the lowest cost. Whereas irrational drug use are characterized by over prescription, omission, the use of inappropriate dosage, incorrect duration, misuse of drug, take unnecessary risk, over use /frequent use of drugs and not stick with withdrawal period of a drug. The review indicates veterinary drugs used irrationally due to lack of knowledgeable of healthcare providers, lack of treatment guidelines, essential drug lists and national formularies, lack of diagnostic support services such as laboratory services, self-medication and purchasing of antibiotics directly from pharmacies, street vendors or markets and inadequate supply of veterinary drugs. Irrational use of drugs leads to antimicrobial resistance which is the current global health threat to animals and human being. Hence, veterinary drugs, especially, antimicrobial agents should be prudently used, improve availability of key essential drugs on stock through good drug supply management to reduce misuse of drugs and therapeutic failure, keep the withdrawal period to safeguard the public as well the livestock from drug residual effects and development of antimicrobial resistance are recommended.
{"title":"Review on Rational Use of Antmicrobials in Veterinary Practice","authors":"Selamawit Fentahun Ali","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190504.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190504.13","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinary drugs are used as therapeutic, prophylactic and growth promotion. The review was conducted with the aim of assessing the rational use of veterinary antimicrobials. Veterinary drugs are used in livestock sector either rationally or irrationally. Rational use of veterinary drugs means sick animals receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements, for an adequate period, and at the lowest cost. Whereas irrational drug use are characterized by over prescription, omission, the use of inappropriate dosage, incorrect duration, misuse of drug, take unnecessary risk, over use /frequent use of drugs and not stick with withdrawal period of a drug. The review indicates veterinary drugs used irrationally due to lack of knowledgeable of healthcare providers, lack of treatment guidelines, essential drug lists and national formularies, lack of diagnostic support services such as laboratory services, self-medication and purchasing of antibiotics directly from pharmacies, street vendors or markets and inadequate supply of veterinary drugs. Irrational use of drugs leads to antimicrobial resistance which is the current global health threat to animals and human being. Hence, veterinary drugs, especially, antimicrobial agents should be prudently used, improve availability of key essential drugs on stock through good drug supply management to reduce misuse of drugs and therapeutic failure, keep the withdrawal period to safeguard the public as well the livestock from drug residual effects and development of antimicrobial resistance are recommended.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74666627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-13DOI: 10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190504.12
Yenew Alemu Mihret
Background: Tuberculosis is a disease of poverty, mainly affecting young adults in their most productive years. The aim of this study was to identify the association of knowledge and attitude of Tuberculosis in Ethiopia and to study the relationship between TB and independent variables. The source of data is obtained from 2011 EDHS. During the analysis stage, SPSS version 23, Stata version 14 and Microsoft-Excel are used as tools of analysis. Out of 14,104 households, only 4.2% households did not heard about TB. In general education level, current marital status, region and wealth index are significant factor to association of knowledge and attitude of tuberculosis among patients in Ethiopia.
背景:结核病是一种贫穷疾病，主要影响最具生产力的青壮年。本研究的目的是确定埃塞俄比亚结核病知识和态度之间的关联，并研究结核病与自变量之间的关系。数据来源为2011年EDHS。在分析阶段，使用SPSS version 23, Stata version 14和Microsoft-Excel作为分析工具。在14104个家庭中，只有4.2%的家庭没有听说过结核病。埃塞俄比亚普通教育水平、当前婚姻状况、地区和财富指数是影响患者结核病知识和态度的重要因素。
{"title":"Association of Knowledge and Attitude of Tuberculosis Among Patients in Ethiopia","authors":"Yenew Alemu Mihret","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190504.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190504.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tuberculosis is a disease of poverty, mainly affecting young adults in their most productive years. The aim of this study was to identify the association of knowledge and attitude of Tuberculosis in Ethiopia and to study the relationship between TB and independent variables. The source of data is obtained from 2011 EDHS. During the analysis stage, SPSS version 23, Stata version 14 and Microsoft-Excel are used as tools of analysis. Out of 14,104 households, only 4.2% households did not heard about TB. In general education level, current marital status, region and wealth index are significant factor to association of knowledge and attitude of tuberculosis among patients in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84126896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23DOI: 10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190503.13
Oscar Takam Nkamgang, D. Tchiotsop, Beaudelaire Saha Tchinda, H. Fotsin
Background and purpose: The analysis of biomedical microscopic images is carried out manually in medical laboratories. The manual analysis of clinical images lets to both repetitive tasks and management of huge amounts of data. This is tedious and times consuming for laboratory technicians. Inevitably, it is also prone to human errors. Our objective in this work is to contribute to the automation of the analysis of microscopic images of stools using Distance Regularized Level Set Evolution automatically initialized by Hough transform. Method: We firstly converted the microscopic images to edge maps using canny algorithm. Next, we located the parasite through circular Hough transform and draw circles around them. Those circles stand as initial contours of DRLSE. The contours evolve until they fit the boundaries of the parasites. The final extraction is performed using a complementary method based on the signed distance character of the level set function. Results: The Distance Regularized Level Set Evolution has been automatically initialized. We applied our method to the detection of intestinal parasites in microscopic images. Experimental results show accurate, efficient and less time consuming of our scheme compared to others recently proposed in the literature. Conclusion: This is a notable contribution to the automation of stools examination in the medical laboratories. In forthcoming works, we plan to include this segmentation process in an expert system of parasitic diseases diagnosis.
{"title":"Automated Parasite’s Detection in Microscopic Images of Stools Using Distance Regularized Level Set Evolution Initialized with Hough Transform","authors":"Oscar Takam Nkamgang, D. Tchiotsop, Beaudelaire Saha Tchinda, H. Fotsin","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190503.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190503.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background and purpose: The analysis of biomedical microscopic images is carried out manually in medical laboratories. The manual analysis of clinical images lets to both repetitive tasks and management of huge amounts of data. This is tedious and times consuming for laboratory technicians. Inevitably, it is also prone to human errors. Our objective in this work is to contribute to the automation of the analysis of microscopic images of stools using Distance Regularized Level Set Evolution automatically initialized by Hough transform. Method: We firstly converted the microscopic images to edge maps using canny algorithm. Next, we located the parasite through circular Hough transform and draw circles around them. Those circles stand as initial contours of DRLSE. The contours evolve until they fit the boundaries of the parasites. The final extraction is performed using a complementary method based on the signed distance character of the level set function. Results: The Distance Regularized Level Set Evolution has been automatically initialized. We applied our method to the detection of intestinal parasites in microscopic images. Experimental results show accurate, efficient and less time consuming of our scheme compared to others recently proposed in the literature. Conclusion: This is a notable contribution to the automation of stools examination in the medical laboratories. In forthcoming works, we plan to include this segmentation process in an expert system of parasitic diseases diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85948354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-16DOI: 10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190503.12
A. Diop, A. Dieng, A. Seck, Amary Fall, A. Diop, D. Boiro, J. Diouf, M. Guéye, M. Niang, M. Camara, C. Boye
Haemophilus influenzae is a bacterium that can cause severe infections, occurring mostly in infants and children younger than five years of age. Antibiotic treatment may cause the emergence of resistant H. influenzae strains, particularly ampicillin-resistant strains. Antimicrobial resistance is a public health threat worldwide, particularly in the developing world. H. influenzae strains have been isolated from broncho-alveolar lavages (BALs), nasopharyngeal swabs, and otitis media from children in two paediatric centers at Dakar, Senegal. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using strips E Test ®t method that provides the ability to precisely determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). A total of 16 H. influenzae strains have been isolated and identified, including 16.7% of ampicillin-resistant patterns (all β-lactamase-negative), 9.4% of the isolates were resistant to cefaclor (MIC90 = 16 µg/ml) while 100% were susceptible to cefixime to (MIC90 = 0.38 µg/ml). Interestingly, fluoroquinolones were fully active with very low MIC90. Macrolide were still active against H. influenzae isoles although with higher MIC azitrhomycin MIC90= 3µg/ml, clarithromycin MIC90= 12µg/ml. Ampicillin-resistance has become increasingly reported in H. influenzae, suggesting a continuous laboratory based surveillance for antimicrobial resistance pattern for a better management of acute respiratory infections, particularly in low incomes settings.
{"title":"Ampicillin Resistance in Haemophilus influenzae Isolated from Acute Respiratory Infections in Pediatrics","authors":"A. Diop, A. Dieng, A. Seck, Amary Fall, A. Diop, D. Boiro, J. Diouf, M. Guéye, M. Niang, M. Camara, C. Boye","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190503.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190503.12","url":null,"abstract":"Haemophilus influenzae is a bacterium that can cause severe infections, occurring mostly in infants and children younger than five years of age. Antibiotic treatment may cause the emergence of resistant H. influenzae strains, particularly ampicillin-resistant strains. Antimicrobial resistance is a public health threat worldwide, particularly in the developing world. H. influenzae strains have been isolated from broncho-alveolar lavages (BALs), nasopharyngeal swabs, and otitis media from children in two paediatric centers at Dakar, Senegal. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using strips E Test ®t method that provides the ability to precisely determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). A total of 16 H. influenzae strains have been isolated and identified, including 16.7% of ampicillin-resistant patterns (all β-lactamase-negative), 9.4% of the isolates were resistant to cefaclor (MIC90 = 16 µg/ml) while 100% were susceptible to cefixime to (MIC90 = 0.38 µg/ml). Interestingly, fluoroquinolones were fully active with very low MIC90. Macrolide were still active against H. influenzae isoles although with higher MIC azitrhomycin MIC90= 3µg/ml, clarithromycin MIC90= 12µg/ml. Ampicillin-resistance has become increasingly reported in H. influenzae, suggesting a continuous laboratory based surveillance for antimicrobial resistance pattern for a better management of acute respiratory infections, particularly in low incomes settings.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74136362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-11DOI: 10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190503.11
J. Iteku, Ornella Mbayi, G. Bongo, P. K. Mutwale, J. M. Wambale, E. Lengbiye, C. L. Inkoto, Samy Ngunde Te Ngunde, K. Ngbolua
From times immemorial, medicinal plants have been used to relieve and cure human diseases. Currently, the control of bacterial infections is becoming complex due to the concern of antibiotic resistance, which has been a significant global health problem. The aim of this work was to determine the phytochemical composition as well as to assess the bioactivities of Phytolacca dodecandra leaf extracts. The leaves of P. dodecandra were collected in January 2017 at Yakoma city, Nord-Ubangi, DRC. Three bacterial strains namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC 9027 were used for the assessment of the antibacterial activity. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening were used for compound identification. The antioxidant activity was assessed using ABTS and DPPH scavenging tests while the antibacterial activity was performed using the diffusion method. The findings show that leaves of this plant are rich in flavonoids, anthocyanins, terpenoids and irrioids. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values obtained in the ATBS test are lower than those of the DPPH test. The antibacterial activity of this plant was low against the three strains used. These in vitro findings show that medicinal plants have very important biological properties that have many applications in various fields such as medicine, pharmacy and agriculture.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and Assessment of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Phytolacca dodecandra L. Herit Leaf Extracts (Phytolaccaceae)","authors":"J. Iteku, Ornella Mbayi, G. Bongo, P. K. Mutwale, J. M. Wambale, E. Lengbiye, C. L. Inkoto, Samy Ngunde Te Ngunde, K. Ngbolua","doi":"10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190503.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJBECS.20190503.11","url":null,"abstract":"From times immemorial, medicinal plants have been used to relieve and cure human diseases. Currently, the control of bacterial infections is becoming complex due to the concern of antibiotic resistance, which has been a significant global health problem. The aim of this work was to determine the phytochemical composition as well as to assess the bioactivities of Phytolacca dodecandra leaf extracts. The leaves of P. dodecandra were collected in January 2017 at Yakoma city, Nord-Ubangi, DRC. Three bacterial strains namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC 9027 were used for the assessment of the antibacterial activity. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening were used for compound identification. The antioxidant activity was assessed using ABTS and DPPH scavenging tests while the antibacterial activity was performed using the diffusion method. The findings show that leaves of this plant are rich in flavonoids, anthocyanins, terpenoids and irrioids. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values obtained in the ATBS test are lower than those of the DPPH test. The antibacterial activity of this plant was low against the three strains used. These in vitro findings show that medicinal plants have very important biological properties that have many applications in various fields such as medicine, pharmacy and agriculture.","PeriodicalId":73426,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biomedical engineering and clinical science","volume":"72 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78051277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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