Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100429
Sophie E Moore , Lindsay H Allen , Gilberto Kac
The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 mo of life as human milk is considered to be the optimal form of nutrition to support infant health and development. Human milk provides many nutrient and non-nutrient bioactive compounds to young infants, including micronutrients. In contexts where diets are nutritionally poor, the concentration of micronutrients in human milk is lower, impacting infant's supply. However, understanding when lower values indicate the need for interventions and then evaluating the impact of interventions on maternal nutritional status and milk nutrient concentrations has been challenged by the absence of reliable reference values (RVs) for nutrient concentrations in human milk. The multicenter Mothers, Infants, and Lactation Quality (MILQ) and Early-MILQ studies were developed to establish evidence-based RVs for human milk nutrients. This paper presents and discusses the potential utility of these RVs as an international reference for global maternal and child health research.
{"title":"Future Applications of Human Milk Reference Values for Nutrients: A Global Resource for Maternal and Child Nutrition Research","authors":"Sophie E Moore , Lindsay H Allen , Gilberto Kac","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 mo of life as human milk is considered to be the optimal form of nutrition to support infant health and development. Human milk provides many nutrient and non-nutrient bioactive compounds to young infants, including micronutrients. In contexts where diets are nutritionally poor, the concentration of micronutrients in human milk is lower, impacting infant's supply. However, understanding when lower values indicate the need for interventions and then evaluating the impact of interventions on maternal nutritional status and milk nutrient concentrations has been challenged by the absence of reliable reference values (RVs) for nutrient concentrations in human milk. The multicenter Mothers, Infants, and Lactation Quality (MILQ) and Early-MILQ studies were developed to establish evidence-based RVs for human milk nutrients. This paper presents and discusses the potential utility of these RVs as an international reference for global maternal and child health research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100429"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100484
Gilberto Kac , Kerry S Jones , Sarah R Meadows , Daniela Hampel , M Munirul Islam , Christian Mølgaard , Sophie E Moore , Daphna K Dror , Setareh Shahab-Ferdows , Daniela de Barros Mucci , Amanda C Figueiredo , Janet M Peerson , Lindsay H Allen
This fourth article in the series presenting reference values for nutrients in human milk describes the values for the fat-soluble vitamins A, E, and D. The Mothers, Infants and Lactation Quality (MILQ) and Early-MILQ studies collected human milk samples at multiple times during the first 8.5 mo of lactation, from 1242 well-nourished women in Bangladesh, Brazil, Denmark, and The Gambia. Vitamins A and E were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, whereas vitamin D was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Milk fat-soluble vitamin concentrations from the MILQ study were compared with those used by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) for setting recommendations for nutrient requirements of infants and with other selected data sets. MILQ median concentration was on par with the value used by the IOM for retinol activity equivalents except in early lactation, when they were higher. For α-tocopherol, MILQ median concentration was 76% of the IOM value. The estimate of 0.89 mg/L γ-tocopherol is novel, given that the IOM does not define a concentration in human milk. Although it is known that human milk does not meet infant requirements for vitamin D, results of the MILQ study suggest that actual median concentrations are 60%–80% of those estimated by the IOM. Total daily median intakes from 1 to 6 mo were 97%, 75%, and 6% of IOM adequate intakes for vitamin A, α-tocopherol, and vitamin D, respectively. The MILQ fat-soluble vitamin estimated percentile curves are provided to enable comparison and interpretation of data from other studies.
{"title":"Reference Values for Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Human Milk: The Mothers, Infants and Lactation Quality (MILQ) Study","authors":"Gilberto Kac , Kerry S Jones , Sarah R Meadows , Daniela Hampel , M Munirul Islam , Christian Mølgaard , Sophie E Moore , Daphna K Dror , Setareh Shahab-Ferdows , Daniela de Barros Mucci , Amanda C Figueiredo , Janet M Peerson , Lindsay H Allen","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This fourth article in the series presenting reference values for nutrients in human milk describes the values for the fat-soluble vitamins A, E, and D. The Mothers, Infants and Lactation Quality (MILQ) and Early-MILQ studies collected human milk samples at multiple times during the first 8.5 mo of lactation, from 1242 well-nourished women in Bangladesh, Brazil, Denmark, and The Gambia. Vitamins A and E were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, whereas vitamin D was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Milk fat-soluble vitamin concentrations from the MILQ study were compared with those used by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) for setting recommendations for nutrient requirements of infants and with other selected data sets. MILQ median concentration was on par with the value used by the IOM for retinol activity equivalents except in early lactation, when they were higher. For α-tocopherol, MILQ median concentration was 76% of the IOM value. The estimate of 0.89 mg/L γ-tocopherol is novel, given that the IOM does not define a concentration in human milk. Although it is known that human milk does not meet infant requirements for vitamin D, results of the MILQ study suggest that actual median concentrations are 60%–80% of those estimated by the IOM. Total daily median intakes from 1 to 6 mo were 97%, 75%, and 6% of IOM adequate intakes for vitamin A, α-tocopherol, and vitamin D, respectively. The MILQ fat-soluble vitamin estimated percentile curves are provided to enable comparison and interpretation of data from other studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100484"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100509
Andrew A Bremer
{"title":"A Significant Step Forward in Understanding Human Milk: the Mothers, Infants, and Lactation Quality Study","authors":"Andrew A Bremer","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100509","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100509"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100508
Andrew A Bremer
{"title":"A Novel Methodology: the Fixed-Quality Variable-Type Dietary Intervention","authors":"Andrew A Bremer","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 100508"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100498
Hassan S Dashti , Lukasz Szczerbinski
{"title":"The Silent Weight of Nutrition Data in Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Clinical Trials","authors":"Hassan S Dashti , Lukasz Szczerbinski","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100498","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 100498"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144876956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100504
James R Hébert , Richard Holmberg , Morgan Boncyk , Geoffrey Scott , E Angela Murphy , Lorne J Hofseth
Human activities contribute to large shifts in the global climate, with far-reaching impacts on ecosystems, societies, and human health. Modern food systems—designed to produce convenience foods that tend to have high inflammatory potential—exacerbate environmental degradation and shape the interwoven challenges of climate, nutrition, and health. Over the past 3 decades, extreme weather has worsened, and poor diets have led to more inflammation-related health problems—2 parallel trends that are exposing system-wide weaknesses and harming global health. Is there evidence of a connection between environmental degradation and inflammation? The medical and environmental literatures were searched by combining “climate change” OR “environmental factors” OR “food systems” AND “inflammation” AND “diet.” All permutations of these terms were used, and all terms were searched as both text words and MeSH terms. The literature on inflammation and health is vast (∼750,000 articles in the National Library of Medicine [NLM]) as is the literature on diet and health (>1.8 million articles in the NLM). Interest in global climate change is growing (∼39,000 references in the NLM and >650,000 references in the Web of Science Core Collection). Although the literature at the intersections of diet and inflammation with either climate change or, especially, food systems is small, evidence points to a connection between global climate changes and inflammation operating mainly through food systems. Large-scale industrialized agriculture and other environmental changes that are heating the planet produce food commodities that are causally related to inflammatory processes within organisms. The interplay between individuals’ dietary decisions and system-level decisions regarding food production and processing sets the stage for deepening understanding of connections revealed in the literature and developing a multifaceted approach to address these critical problems that encompass individual behavior change and collaborative initiatives across sectors to effect meaningful change.
人类活动导致全球气候发生巨大变化，对生态系统、社会和人类健康产生深远影响。现代食品系统被设计用来生产容易引起炎症的方便食品，这加剧了环境退化，并形成了气候、营养和健康方面的相互交织的挑战。在过去三十年中，极端天气恶化，不良饮食导致更多与炎症相关的健康问题——这两个平行的趋势正在暴露出整个系统的弱点，并损害全球健康。有证据表明环境退化和炎症之间存在联系吗？将“气候变化”或“环境因素”或“食物系统”与“炎症”和“饮食”结合起来检索医学和环境文献。搜索这些词的所有排列，并搜索所有词作为文本词和MeSH。关于炎症和健康的文献是巨大的（国家医学图书馆[NLM]中约有75万篇文章），关于饮食和健康的文献也是如此（NLM中有180万篇文章）。对全球气候变化的兴趣正在增长（NLM中约39,000篇参考文献，Web of Science核心馆藏中约650,000篇参考文献）。虽然关于饮食和炎症与气候变化，特别是食物系统的交叉点的文献很少，但有证据表明，全球气候变化与炎症之间的联系主要是通过食物系统进行的。大规模工业化农业和其他环境变化正在使地球升温，它们生产的粮食商品与生物体内的炎症过程有因果关系。关于食品生产和加工的个人饮食决策与系统级决策之间的相互作用，为加深对文献中揭示的联系的理解奠定了基础，并为解决这些关键问题制定了多方面的方法，这些问题包括个人行为改变和跨部门合作倡议，以实现有意义的改变。意义声明：虽然科学知识关于：1)饮食，炎症和健康；2)气候变化；3)食品系统是庞大的，实际上没有任何关于这三者如何联系在一起的文章。我们提出与饮食、食物系统、气候变化和炎症相关的个人行为之间的联系是决定人类健康的主要基础。
{"title":"Perspective: Food Environment, Climate Change, Inflammation, Diet, and Health","authors":"James R Hébert , Richard Holmberg , Morgan Boncyk , Geoffrey Scott , E Angela Murphy , Lorne J Hofseth","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human activities contribute to large shifts in the global climate, with far-reaching impacts on ecosystems, societies, and human health. Modern food systems—designed to produce convenience foods that tend to have high inflammatory potential—exacerbate environmental degradation and shape the interwoven challenges of climate, nutrition, and health. Over the past 3 decades, extreme weather has worsened, and poor diets have led to more inflammation-related health problems—2 parallel trends that are exposing system-wide weaknesses and harming global health. Is there evidence of a connection between environmental degradation and inflammation? The medical and environmental literatures were searched by combining “climate change” OR “environmental factors” OR “food systems” AND “inflammation” AND “diet.” All permutations of these terms were used, and all terms were searched as both text words and MeSH terms. The literature on inflammation and health is vast (∼750,000 articles in the National Library of Medicine [NLM]) as is the literature on diet and health (>1.8 million articles in the NLM). Interest in global climate change is growing (∼39,000 references in the NLM and >650,000 references in the Web of Science Core Collection). Although the literature at the intersections of diet and inflammation with either climate change or, especially, food systems is small, evidence points to a connection between global climate changes and inflammation operating mainly through food systems. Large-scale industrialized agriculture and other environmental changes that are heating the planet produce food commodities that are causally related to inflammatory processes within organisms. The interplay between individuals’ dietary decisions and system-level decisions regarding food production and processing sets the stage for deepening understanding of connections revealed in the literature and developing a multifaceted approach to address these critical problems that encompass individual behavior change and collaborative initiatives across sectors to effect meaningful change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 100504"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100530
Jonathan Lara-Arevalo , Camila Corvalan , Isabel Pemjean , Daniela Montes de Oca , Shu Wen Ng , Lindsey Smith Taillie
Healthy food voucher programs (HFVPs) provide lower-income participants with benefits to purchase healthy, nutrient-dense foods and are a promising strategy for improving dietary and nutritional outcomes. HFVPs can complement policies aimed at reducing unhealthy food consumption, contributing to improved food security, dietary outcomes, and reducing nutritional disparities. Understanding the structural factors that make these programs acceptable and effective in improving dietary patterns is essential for designing impactful HFVPs. However, updated evidence on these components is limited. This narrative review focuses on incentive programs that provide voucher benefits for healthy foods, synthesizing global evidence on program structure components (i.e., participant eligibility and enrollment, benefit delivery and timing, eligible products, benefit value, program duration, retail venues, and inclusion of nutrition education) that may influence program impact. It also summarizes diet and nutrition-related outcomes by country’s income level, when possible. Key determinants of program acceptability included positive interactions with program and retail staff, available multilingual information, electronic benefits over physical ones, a variety of eligible healthy foods, and including local markets as participating venues. Additionally, offering remote enrollment options, using mail delivery or electronic benefits to avoid transportation costs, adjusting benefits for inflation and household size, allowing redemption in various retail venues, and coupling benefits with engaging nutrition education activities were factors influencing program effectiveness. Most evidence indicates that HFVPs increase the purchase and consumption of healthy foods, improve food security, and enhance nutrition knowledge. However, mixed results were found regarding diet quality indicators, physical health outcomes, and mental health. Factors such as insufficient benefit size, inflation, and rising food prices, as well as short intervention lengths, contributed to null results. Our findings underscore the potential of HFVPs to improve diets and reduce nutritional disparities; however, addressing identified barriers during program design and implementation is essential to ensure that these programs achieve their goals.
{"title":"Healthy Food Voucher Programs: Global Evidence on Structure, Implementation, and Nutrition-Related Outcomes","authors":"Jonathan Lara-Arevalo , Camila Corvalan , Isabel Pemjean , Daniela Montes de Oca , Shu Wen Ng , Lindsey Smith Taillie","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Healthy food voucher programs (HFVPs) provide lower-income participants with benefits to purchase healthy, nutrient-dense foods and are a promising strategy for improving dietary and nutritional outcomes. HFVPs can complement policies aimed at reducing unhealthy food consumption, contributing to improved food security, dietary outcomes, and reducing nutritional disparities. Understanding the structural factors that make these programs acceptable and effective in improving dietary patterns is essential for designing impactful HFVPs. However, updated evidence on these components is limited. This narrative review focuses on incentive programs that provide voucher benefits for healthy foods, synthesizing global evidence on program structure components (i.e., participant eligibility and enrollment, benefit delivery and timing, eligible products, benefit value, program duration, retail venues, and inclusion of nutrition education) that may influence program impact. It also summarizes diet and nutrition-related outcomes by country’s income level, when possible. Key determinants of program acceptability included positive interactions with program and retail staff, available multilingual information, electronic benefits over physical ones, a variety of eligible healthy foods, and including local markets as participating venues. Additionally, offering remote enrollment options, using mail delivery or electronic benefits to avoid transportation costs, adjusting benefits for inflation and household size, allowing redemption in various retail venues, and coupling benefits with engaging nutrition education activities were factors influencing program effectiveness. Most evidence indicates that HFVPs increase the purchase and consumption of healthy foods, improve food security, and enhance nutrition knowledge. However, mixed results were found regarding diet quality indicators, physical health outcomes, and mental health. Factors such as insufficient benefit size, inflation, and rising food prices, as well as short intervention lengths, contributed to null results. Our findings underscore the potential of HFVPs to improve diets and reduce nutritional disparities; however, addressing identified barriers during program design and implementation is essential to ensure that these programs achieve their goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 100530"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100505
David L Katz , Christopher D Gardner
The sine qua non of intervention studies in general, and randomized controlled trials in particular, is to define and isolate an exposure of interest that defines the intervention and distinguishes between groups. The isolation of a presumptive cause is a prerequisite to the confident attribution of given effects. In the context of dietary intervention studies, this has historically translated into a unitary intervention diet type, no matter the diversity of preferences, tastes, upbringings, ethnicities, and cultures represented in a given study cohort. To the extent such diversities have been constrained to achieve this aim, generalizability (external validity) has been diminished. To the extent such diversities have been ignored, inattention to them has likely shifted results toward the null and compromised adherence over time. These same liabilities pertain to food service projects and public health nutrition, notably the food-as-medicine movement. We propose a remedy to these issues and an update to the formula for dietary intervention research (and service) that accommodates a multicultural society: the fixed-quality, variable-type (FQVT) nutrition intervention. This method standardizes the objective measure of diet quality and incorporates fixed tolerances for nutrients of particular interest, while allowing for a range of diet types responsive to the variable preferences of study participants/population members. We describe the application of tools to facilitate this methodological innovation, enumerate the expected advantages, and characterize means of empirical testing. We submit the FQVT method as a promising, testable advance in the evolution of clinical nutrition research and food-is/as-medicine programming.
{"title":"Perspective: Nutrition Research & Programming in Multicultural Populations: The Fixed-Quality Variable-Type (FQVT) Dietary Intervention","authors":"David L Katz , Christopher D Gardner","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sine qua non of intervention studies in general, and randomized controlled trials in particular, is to define and isolate an exposure of interest that defines the intervention and distinguishes between groups. The isolation of a presumptive cause is a prerequisite to the confident attribution of given effects. In the context of dietary intervention studies, this has historically translated into a unitary intervention diet type, no matter the diversity of preferences, tastes, upbringings, ethnicities, and cultures represented in a given study cohort. To the extent such diversities have been constrained to achieve this aim, generalizability (external validity) has been diminished. To the extent such diversities have been ignored, inattention to them has likely shifted results toward the null and compromised adherence over time. These same liabilities pertain to food service projects and public health nutrition, notably the food-as-medicine movement. We propose a remedy to these issues and an update to the formula for dietary intervention research (and service) that accommodates a multicultural society: the fixed-quality, variable-type (FQVT) nutrition intervention. This method standardizes the objective measure of diet quality and incorporates fixed tolerances for nutrients of particular interest, while allowing for a range of diet types responsive to the variable preferences of study participants/population members. We describe the application of tools to facilitate this methodological innovation, enumerate the expected advantages, and characterize means of empirical testing. We submit the FQVT method as a promising, testable advance in the evolution of clinical nutrition research and food-is/as-medicine programming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 10","pages":"Article 100505"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100456
Sophie E Moore , Sarita Devi , Anura Kurpad , Janet M Peerson , Sophie Hilario Christensen , Md Munirul Islam , Gilberto Kac , Kim F Michaelsen , Gabriela Torres Silva , Lindsay H Allen
Human milk from healthy, well-nourished women is the optimal nutrition for infants and young children, and exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 mo. In the context of poor diets, the quality of milk may be compromised, and understanding the relationships between maternal diet, human milk nutrient concentrations, and milk intakes in young infants is important for guiding policy. The Mothers, Infants, and Lactation Quality (MILQ) study collected human milk samples from 1 to 8.5 mo of lactation in 558 well-nourished but unsupplemented women in Bangladesh, Brazil, Denmark, and The Gambia. Milk intakes were measured at 3 visits postnatally (1–3.49 mo, 3.5–5.99 mo, and 6.0–8.5 mo). Milk intakes were assessed in 3 sites (Bangladesh, Brazil, and The Gambia) using the stable isotope dilution dose-to-mother method. In Denmark, intakes were measured by test weighing, and volume data were corrected by a factor of 1.05 to account for insensible water losses. The mean ± standard deviation human milk intake across sites and time points was 781 ± 193 g/d. Milk intakes were comparable among sites early in lactation, but as intakes decreased across lactation, between-site differences emerged as nonmilk feeds were introduced. Exclusively breastfed infants consumed greater volumes of milk each day than mixed-fed infants. When expressed against infant body weight, a gradual decrease in milk intake was observed across lactation. Milk nutrient concentrations were largely unrelated to daily milk intakes. Therefore, correlations between milk nutrient concentrations and total daily intake of nutrients were mostly positive and strong. Mean milk intake in the MILQ study was consistent with previously published global data, although variability was observed across lactation and between contexts. Infants consuming greater milk volumes had greater daily intakes of milk nutrients. The implications for infant status and recommended nutrient intakes require further investigation.
{"title":"Breast Milk Intake from 1 to 8.5 Months of Lactation in the Multisite Mothers, Infants and Lactation Quality (MILQ) Study","authors":"Sophie E Moore , Sarita Devi , Anura Kurpad , Janet M Peerson , Sophie Hilario Christensen , Md Munirul Islam , Gilberto Kac , Kim F Michaelsen , Gabriela Torres Silva , Lindsay H Allen","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human milk from healthy, well-nourished women is the optimal nutrition for infants and young children, and exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 mo. In the context of poor diets, the quality of milk may be compromised, and understanding the relationships between maternal diet, human milk nutrient concentrations, and milk intakes in young infants is important for guiding policy. The Mothers, Infants, and Lactation Quality (MILQ) study collected human milk samples from 1 to 8.5 mo of lactation in 558 well-nourished but unsupplemented women in Bangladesh, Brazil, Denmark, and The Gambia. Milk intakes were measured at 3 visits postnatally (1–3.49 mo, 3.5–5.99 mo, and 6.0–8.5 mo). Milk intakes were assessed in 3 sites (Bangladesh, Brazil, and The Gambia) using the stable isotope dilution dose-to-mother method. In Denmark, intakes were measured by test weighing, and volume data were corrected by a factor of 1.05 to account for insensible water losses. The mean ± standard deviation human milk intake across sites and time points was 781 ± 193 g/d. Milk intakes were comparable among sites early in lactation, but as intakes decreased across lactation, between-site differences emerged as nonmilk feeds were introduced. Exclusively breastfed infants consumed greater volumes of milk each day than mixed-fed infants. When expressed against infant body weight, a gradual decrease in milk intake was observed across lactation. Milk nutrient concentrations were largely unrelated to daily milk intakes. Therefore, correlations between milk nutrient concentrations and total daily intake of nutrients were mostly positive and strong. Mean milk intake in the MILQ study was consistent with previously published global data, although variability was observed across lactation and between contexts. Infants consuming greater milk volumes had greater daily intakes of milk nutrients. The implications for infant status and recommended nutrient intakes require further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100456"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100510
Federica Tambaro , Carmen Gallicchio , Simona Orlando , Sara Carnevale , Maurizio Muscaritoli
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs involved in posttranscriptional gene regulation in both animal and plant. miRNAs derived from edible plants, referred to as xenomiRs, are proposed to cross-kingdom barriers and to modulate mammalian gene expression. However, this dietary xenomiR hypothesis remains controversial, given numerous inconsistencies and conflicting evidence regarding stability, bioavailability, and functionality of xenomiRs in mammals. Despite promising findings, including reports of plant-derived miRNAs influencing mammalian gene expression in vitro and in animal models, evidence remains inconclusive in humans. Several independent investigations have reported contradictory findings, emphasizing reproducibility lack in identifying and validating the transfer of xenomiRs from plants to mammals, which has raised concerns about the robustness, reliability, and biological significance of some results. Additionally, no direct molecular evidence currently demonstrates that plant xenomiRs bind to mammalian silencing machinery. Although the concept of plant-derived xenomiRs holds significant potential, future research must address unresolved technical and biological limitations. If validated, this hypothesis may represent a novel avenue for epigenetic modulation through dietary intervention in precision medicine and personalized nutrition. This comprehensive narrative review critically provides an overview of the dietary xenomiR hypothesis, specifically focusing on those derived from edible plants. We summarize the current evidence regarding xenomiR cross-kingdom communication potential, and we discuss technical and biological challenges that impede their validation. We also explore the speculative yet plausible scenario that dietary miRNAs may act locally on the microbiota rather than systemically.
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