Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100333
Flávia Fayet-Moore , Stephen R Robinson
We propose that the human respiratory system and olfactory pathways sequester airborne nutrients (vitamins, fatty acids, and trace minerals) that are beneficial for health, which we term “aeronutrients.” In addition, airborne bacteria, termed “aeromicrobes,” have the potential for positive health effects by improving species diversity in the microbiotas of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. These concepts have implications for people living in urban areas or those who have limited access to nature, such as astronauts exposed for long periods to highly filtered air that may be depleted of aeronutrients and aeromicrobes. The possibility that fresh air contributes to human nutrition and health may stimulate a re-evaluation of guidelines pertaining to nutrition and access to natural environments, and will open new avenues of scientific enquiry.
{"title":"A Breath of Fresh Air: Perspectives on Inhaled Nutrients and Bacteria to Improve Human Health","authors":"Flávia Fayet-Moore , Stephen R Robinson","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose that the human respiratory system and olfactory pathways sequester airborne nutrients (vitamins, fatty acids, and trace minerals) that are beneficial for health, which we term “<em>aeronutrients.</em>” In addition, airborne bacteria, termed “<em>aeromicrobes</em>,” have the potential for positive health effects by improving species diversity in the microbiotas of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. These concepts have implications for people living in urban areas or those who have limited access to nature, such as astronauts exposed for long periods to highly filtered air that may be depleted of aeronutrients and aeromicrobes. The possibility that fresh air contributes to human nutrition and health may stimulate a re-evaluation of guidelines pertaining to nutrition and access to natural environments, and will open new avenues of scientific enquiry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100330
Liang Zhang , Fang Wang , Syoichi Tashiro , Peng Ju Liu
Although lifestyle interventions are recommended as the frontline therapeutic strategy for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the optimal dietary regimen or form of exercise has yet to be definitively established. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of lifestyle therapies for GDM. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched by multiple researchers for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RCTs comparing lifestyle therapies to treat GDM with control or another treatment were included. Data extraction and synthesis were performed, estimating mean differences (MDs) or relative risk (RR) through pair-wise and network meta-analysis with a randomized or fixed-effects model when appropriate. The primary outcomes were maternal glucose control, birth weight of newborns, macrosomia and preterm birth rate, and rate of need for insulin therapy. In total, 39 trials with information obtained from 2712 women assessed 15 treatments. After sensitivity analysis, we confirmed the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet [MD: −11.52; 95% credible intervals (CrIs): −14.01, −9.07, very low certainty of evidence (CoE)] and low glycemic index (GI) diets (MD: −6.3; 95% CrI: −9.9, −2.7, low CoE) have shown significant advantages in fasting plasma glucose and 2-h postprandial glucose control, respectively. Furthermore, the DASH diet and resistance exercise reduced insulin requirements independently by 71% (95% CrI: 52%, 84%) and 67% (95% CrI: 48%, 85%), respectively. Additionally, both the DASH (MD: −587.6; 95% CrI: −752.12, −421.85, low CoE) and low GI diets (MD: −180.09, 95% CrI: −267.48, −94.65, low CoE) reduced birth weight significantly, with the DASH diet also demonstrating effects in reducing macrosomia by 89% (95% CrI: 53%, 98%) and lowering the cesarean section rate by 46% (95% CI: 27%, 60%). However, exercise did not affect infant outcomes. Our findings suggest that the DASH diet and low GI diet and resistance exercise may be beneficial for maternal outcomes in pregnancies with GDM. The impact on infants is primarily observed through dietary interventions. Future research, characterized by higher quality and evidence grades, is necessary to complement and substantiate our findings.
This study was registered with PROSPERO as CRD 42024527587.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Approaches and Exercise Interventions on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-analysis","authors":"Liang Zhang , Fang Wang , Syoichi Tashiro , Peng Ju Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although lifestyle interventions are recommended as the frontline therapeutic strategy for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the optimal dietary regimen or form of exercise has yet to be definitively established. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of lifestyle therapies for GDM. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched by multiple researchers for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RCTs comparing lifestyle therapies to treat GDM with control or another treatment were included. Data extraction and synthesis were performed, estimating mean differences (MDs) or relative risk (RR) through pair-wise and network meta-analysis with a randomized or fixed-effects model when appropriate. The primary outcomes were maternal glucose control, birth weight of newborns, macrosomia and preterm birth rate, and rate of need for insulin therapy. In total, 39 trials with information obtained from 2712 women assessed 15 treatments. After sensitivity analysis, we confirmed the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet [MD: −11.52; 95% credible intervals (CrIs): −14.01, −9.07, very low certainty of evidence (CoE)] and low glycemic index (GI) diets (MD: −6.3; 95% CrI: −9.9, −2.7, low CoE) have shown significant advantages in fasting plasma glucose and 2-h postprandial glucose control, respectively. Furthermore, the DASH diet and resistance exercise reduced insulin requirements independently by 71% (95% CrI: 52%, 84%) and 67% (95% CrI: 48%, 85%), respectively. Additionally, both the DASH (MD: −587.6; 95% CrI: −752.12, −421.85, low CoE) and low GI diets (MD: −180.09, 95% CrI: −267.48, −94.65, low CoE) reduced birth weight significantly, with the DASH diet also demonstrating effects in reducing macrosomia by 89% (95% CrI: 53%, 98%) and lowering the cesarean section rate by 46% (95% CI: 27%, 60%). However, exercise did not affect infant outcomes. Our findings suggest that the DASH diet and low GI diet and resistance exercise may be beneficial for maternal outcomes in pregnancies with GDM. The impact on infants is primarily observed through dietary interventions. Future research, characterized by higher quality and evidence grades, is necessary to complement and substantiate our findings.</div><div>This study was registered with PROSPERO as CRD 42024527587.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100330"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100329
Edward C Deehan , Santa Al Antwan , Rhonda S Witwer , Paula Guerra , Tania John , Len Monheit
The term prebiotic has been used for almost 3 decades and has undergone numerous updates over the years. The scientific literature reveals that despite continuous efforts to establish a globally unified definition to guide jurisdictional regulations and product innovations, ambiguity continues to surround the terms prebiotic and prebiotic effect, leading to products that lack in full regulatory adherence being marketed worldwide. Thus, to reflect the current state of scientific research and knowledge and for the continuous advancement of the category, an update to the current prebiotic definition is warranted. This update includes removing the term selectivity, considering additional locations of action besides the gut, highlighting prebiotic performance benefits such as cognitive and athletic, and providing a clear standalone definition for prebiotic effect. The Global Prebiotic Association (GPA) is a leading information and industry hub committed to raising awareness about prebiotics, their emerging and well-established health benefits, and prebiotic product integrity and efficacy. In this position paper, GPA builds on previous prebiotic definitions to propose the following expanded definition for prebiotic: “a compound or ingredient that is utilized by the microbiota producing a health or performance benefit.” In addition to prebiotic, GPA also defines prebiotic effect as “a health or performance benefit that arises from alteration of the composition and/or activity of the microbiota, as a direct or indirect result of the utilization of a specific and well-defined compound or ingredient by microorganisms.” With these 2 definitions, GPA aims to paint a clearer picture for the term prebiotic, and by incorporating an industry point of view, these updated definitions may be used alongside current scientific and regulatory perspectives to move the category forward.
{"title":"Revisiting the Concepts of Prebiotic and Prebiotic Effect in Light of Scientific and Regulatory Progress—A Consensus Paper From the Global Prebiotic Association","authors":"Edward C Deehan , Santa Al Antwan , Rhonda S Witwer , Paula Guerra , Tania John , Len Monheit","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The term prebiotic has been used for almost 3 decades and has undergone numerous updates over the years. The scientific literature reveals that despite continuous efforts to establish a globally unified definition to guide jurisdictional regulations and product innovations, ambiguity continues to surround the terms prebiotic and prebiotic effect, leading to products that lack in full regulatory adherence being marketed worldwide. Thus, to reflect the current state of scientific research and knowledge and for the continuous advancement of the category, an update to the current prebiotic definition is warranted. This update includes removing the term selectivity, considering additional locations of action besides the gut, highlighting prebiotic performance benefits such as cognitive and athletic, and providing a clear standalone definition for prebiotic effect. The Global Prebiotic Association (GPA) is a leading information and industry hub committed to raising awareness about prebiotics, their emerging and well-established health benefits, and prebiotic product integrity and efficacy. In this position paper, GPA builds on previous prebiotic definitions to propose the following expanded definition for prebiotic: “a compound or ingredient that is utilized by the microbiota producing a health or performance benefit.” In addition to prebiotic, GPA also defines prebiotic effect as “a health or performance benefit that arises from alteration of the composition and/or activity of the microbiota, as a direct or indirect result of the utilization of a specific and well-defined compound or ingredient by microorganisms.” With these 2 definitions, GPA aims to paint a clearer picture for the term prebiotic, and by incorporating an industry point of view, these updated definitions may be used alongside current scientific and regulatory perspectives to move the category forward.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100322
Victoria Lorca-Camara , Marina Bosque-Prous , Maira Bes-Rastrollo , Cristina O'Callaghan-Gordo , Anna Bach-Faig
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been shown to be a healthy dietary pattern (DP), and lately it is increasingly being studied as a sustainable DP. The aim of this study is to analyze whether the MD is a sustainable and healthy DP accounting for its carbon footprint, water footprint (WF), land use (LU), and/or energy use, based on the existing scientific literature. We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022309916). We included 35 studies: 25 modeling studies, 7 cross-sectional, and 3 longitudinal. Twenty-four studies compared the sustainability of the MD with that of other DPs; 21 assessed the sustainability of the MD compared with dietary consumption data; and 9 evaluated the MD's adherence and its environmental impacts. A total of 29 studies analyzed the carbon footprint, 11 the LU, 20 the WF, and 7 the energy use of the MD. Six articles assessed the health aspect of the diet apart from the environmental impact. The MD showed high nutritional quality, ranging between 122 and 178 points on the health score and between 13.51 and 90.6 points on the nutrient-rich food index. Using the results for environmental footprints in the same measurement units, we were able to quantitatively compare the most frequently assessed diets with MD. When compared with other diets, 91% of the studies referred to the MD as a sustainable DP, and most of the articles in which its adherence was assessed obtained an inverse correlation with the environmental footprints. Environmental footprints of the MD ranged from 1.03 to 5.08 kg CO2-eq/person-day for greenhouse gas emissions, 257.2–2735.2 L/person-day for WF, and 4–14.8 m2/person-day and 2.85–3.32 m2∗year/d for LU. In summary, the available evidence suggests that, in general, the MD is a sustainable and healthy DP, which aligns with planetary health.
{"title":"Environmental and Health Sustainability of the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review","authors":"Victoria Lorca-Camara , Marina Bosque-Prous , Maira Bes-Rastrollo , Cristina O'Callaghan-Gordo , Anna Bach-Faig","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been shown to be a healthy dietary pattern (DP), and lately it is increasingly being studied as a sustainable DP. The aim of this study is to analyze whether the MD is a sustainable and healthy DP accounting for its carbon footprint, water footprint (WF), land use (LU), and/or energy use, based on the existing scientific literature. We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022309916). We included 35 studies: 25 modeling studies, 7 cross-sectional, and 3 longitudinal. Twenty-four studies compared the sustainability of the MD with that of other DPs; 21 assessed the sustainability of the MD compared with dietary consumption data; and 9 evaluated the MD's adherence and its environmental impacts. A total of 29 studies analyzed the carbon footprint, 11 the LU, 20 the WF, and 7 the energy use of the MD. Six articles assessed the health aspect of the diet apart from the environmental impact. The MD showed high nutritional quality, ranging between 122 and 178 points on the health score and between 13.51 and 90.6 points on the nutrient-rich food index. Using the results for environmental footprints in the same measurement units, we were able to quantitatively compare the most frequently assessed diets with MD. When compared with other diets, 91% of the studies referred to the MD as a sustainable DP, and most of the articles in which its adherence was assessed obtained an inverse correlation with the environmental footprints. Environmental footprints of the MD ranged from 1.03 to 5.08 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/person-day for greenhouse gas emissions, 257.2–2735.2 L/person-day for WF, and 4–14.8 m<sup>2</sup>/person-day and 2.85–3.32 m<sup>2</sup>∗year/d for LU. In summary, the available evidence suggests that, in general, the MD is a sustainable and healthy DP, which aligns with planetary health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100325
Kelly Guedes de Oliveira Scudine , Paula Midori Castelo , João Paulo Maires Hoppe , André Krumel Portella , Patricia Pelufo Silveira
Infancy and early childhood are important periods for the development of food choices and eating preferences that are tracked into adult life, influencing weight gain, body composition, and metabolism and ultimately affecting the balance between health and disease. In this narrative review, we discuss studies focused on the effects of fetal programming and early food experiences, highlighting recent advances in the discovery of factors that contribute to the development of food preferences and eating behavior. Food preference can be influenced by early direct contact with flavors, textures, and aromas, as well as by environmental adversities during early development. Evidence suggests that exposure to intrauterine growth restriction is associated with increased preferences for highly palatable foods, such as those rich in carbohydrates and fats, over the life course. Early flavor experiences, whether from amniotic fluid or human milk, may also shape the development of food preferences. Finally, children are more likely to accept textures that they are able to manipulate, and early exposure to a range of textures facilitates the acceptance of foods of various textures later on. Improving dietary habits during gestation (fetal) and postnatal periods is of critical importance for the establishment of positive eating habits and healthy growth in infants and should be an important focus of primary prevention efforts.
{"title":"Early Influences on Development of Sensory Perception and Eating Habits","authors":"Kelly Guedes de Oliveira Scudine , Paula Midori Castelo , João Paulo Maires Hoppe , André Krumel Portella , Patricia Pelufo Silveira","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infancy and early childhood are important periods for the development of food choices and eating preferences that are tracked into adult life, influencing weight gain, body composition, and metabolism and ultimately affecting the balance between health and disease. In this narrative review, we discuss studies focused on the effects of fetal programming and early food experiences, highlighting recent advances in the discovery of factors that contribute to the development of food preferences and eating behavior. Food preference can be influenced by early direct contact with flavors, textures, and aromas, as well as by environmental adversities during early development. Evidence suggests that exposure to intrauterine growth restriction is associated with increased preferences for highly palatable foods, such as those rich in carbohydrates and fats, over the life course. Early flavor experiences, whether from amniotic fluid or human milk, may also shape the development of food preferences. Finally, children are more likely to accept textures that they are able to manipulate, and early exposure to a range of textures facilitates the acceptance of foods of various textures later on. Improving dietary habits during gestation (fetal) and postnatal periods is of critical importance for the establishment of positive eating habits and healthy growth in infants and should be an important focus of primary prevention efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100325"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100294
Nanci S Guest , Sudha Raj , Matthew J Landry , A Reed Mangels , Roman Pawlak , Katelyn E Senkus , Deepa Handu , Mary Rozga
Plant-based dietary patterns, including vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns, may help to manage type 2 diabetes (T2DM) by contributing to maintenance of a healthy body weight, improved glycemic control, and reduced risk of diabetes complications. Several diabetes clinical practice guidelines support the use of vegetarian dietary patterns, but there has not been a recently updated systematic review (SR) of evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine efficacy. The primary objective of this SR was to examine the effect of vegetarian dietary patterns compared with nonvegetarian dietary patterns in adults with T2DM. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL Database of Controlled Trials, Food Science Source, and SportsDiscus databases were searched for RCTs published from 1998 to May 2023. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Data were pooled using a DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model and expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Full texts of 66 articles were reviewed, and 7 RCTs (n = 770 participants) were included in this SR. Vegetarian dietary patterns likely reduce hemoglobin A1c [MD (95% CI): –0.40% (–0.59, –0.21)] and body mass index [MD (95% CI): –0.96 kg/m2 (–1.58, –0.34)] (moderate certainty evidence); may allow for reduced diabetes medication (in 2 of 3 included studies) (low certainty); and may improve metabolic clearance of glucose (insulin sensitivity) [MD (95% CI): 10% (1.86, 18.14)] (very low certainty), compared with nonvegetarian dietary patterns. There were no effects of vegetarian dietary patterns on fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. These findings support the inclusion of vegetarian or vegan dietary patterns as options in nutrition care plans for adults with T2DM.
{"title":"Vegetarian and Vegan Dietary Patterns to Treat Adult Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Nanci S Guest , Sudha Raj , Matthew J Landry , A Reed Mangels , Roman Pawlak , Katelyn E Senkus , Deepa Handu , Mary Rozga","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-based dietary patterns, including vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns, may help to manage type 2 diabetes (T2DM) by contributing to maintenance of a healthy body weight, improved glycemic control, and reduced risk of diabetes complications. Several diabetes clinical practice guidelines support the use of vegetarian dietary patterns, but there has not been a recently updated systematic review (SR) of evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine efficacy. The primary objective of this SR was to examine the effect of vegetarian dietary patterns compared with nonvegetarian dietary patterns in adults with T2DM. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL Database of Controlled Trials, Food Science Source, and SportsDiscus databases were searched for RCTs published from 1998 to May 2023. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Data were pooled using a DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model and expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the <em>I</em><sup>2</sup> statistic, and certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Full texts of 66 articles were reviewed, and 7 RCTs (<em>n</em> = 770 participants) were included in this SR. Vegetarian dietary patterns likely reduce hemoglobin A1c [MD (95% CI): –0.40% (–0.59, –0.21)] and body mass index [MD (95% CI): –0.96 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (–1.58, –0.34)] (moderate certainty evidence); may allow for reduced diabetes medication (in 2 of 3 included studies) (low certainty); and may improve metabolic clearance of glucose (insulin sensitivity) [MD (95% CI): 10% (1.86, 18.14)] (very low certainty), compared with nonvegetarian dietary patterns. There were no effects of vegetarian dietary patterns on fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. These findings support the inclusion of vegetarian or vegan dietary patterns as options in nutrition care plans for adults with T2DM.</div></div><div><h3>PROSPERO Registration</h3><div>CRD42023396453.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 10","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100293
Melissa F Young
{"title":"Time for Paradigm Shift in Anemia Assessment?","authors":"Melissa F Young","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100293","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 10","pages":"Article 100293"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100296
Sabrina Schlesinger , Lukas Schwingshackl
{"title":"The Current Evidence for Vegetarian and Vegan Diets in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Sabrina Schlesinger , Lukas Schwingshackl","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100296","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 10","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100290
Crystal D Karakochuk , Omar Dary , Monica C Flores-Urrutia , Maria Nieves Garcia-Casal , Chika Hayashi , Maria Elena D Jefferds , Robert Johnston , Leila M Larson , Carine Mapango , Dora I Mazariegos Cordero , Denish Moorthy , Sorrel Namaste , Lisa M Rogers , Kuntal Saha , Sara Wuehler
Accurate and precise measurement of hemoglobin concentration is critical for reliable estimations of anemia prevalence at the population level. When systematic and/or random error are introduced in hemoglobin measurement, estimates of anemia prevalence might be significantly erroneous and, hence, limit their usefulness. For decades, single-drop capillary blood has been the most common blood source used for the measurement of hemoglobin concentration in surveys, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. In this study, we highlight historical and emerging evidence that single-drop capillary blood introduces a high degree of random error (variability) to hemoglobin estimates, leading to less reliable estimates of anemia prevalence at the population level. At present, the best practice is to collect and use venous blood for measurement of hemoglobin with an automated hematology analyzer, following standard operating procedures and quality assurance measures. Where use of an automated analyzer is not possible, the analysis of venous blood in a point-of-care hemoglobinometer by trained phlebotomists or specimen collectors should be considered. A forthcoming systematic review will provide additional evidence on the accuracy and precision of single-drop capillary blood for hemoglobin assessment. In the meantime, we raise caution when using single-drop capillary blood for hemoglobin measurement as it can result in inaccurate hemoglobin estimates and less reliable anemia prevalence estimates.
{"title":"Emerging Evidence and Critical Issues with the Use of Single-Drop Capillary Blood for the Measurement of Hemoglobin Concentration in Population-Level Anemia Surveys","authors":"Crystal D Karakochuk , Omar Dary , Monica C Flores-Urrutia , Maria Nieves Garcia-Casal , Chika Hayashi , Maria Elena D Jefferds , Robert Johnston , Leila M Larson , Carine Mapango , Dora I Mazariegos Cordero , Denish Moorthy , Sorrel Namaste , Lisa M Rogers , Kuntal Saha , Sara Wuehler","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate and precise measurement of hemoglobin concentration is critical for reliable estimations of anemia prevalence at the population level. When systematic and/or random error are introduced in hemoglobin measurement, estimates of anemia prevalence might be significantly erroneous and, hence, limit their usefulness. For decades, single-drop capillary blood has been the most common blood source used for the measurement of hemoglobin concentration in surveys, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. In this study, we highlight historical and emerging evidence that single-drop capillary blood introduces a high degree of random error (variability) to hemoglobin estimates, leading to less reliable estimates of anemia prevalence at the population level. At present, the best practice is to collect and use venous blood for measurement of hemoglobin with an automated hematology analyzer, following standard operating procedures and quality assurance measures. Where use of an automated analyzer is not possible, the analysis of venous blood in a point-of-care hemoglobinometer by trained phlebotomists or specimen collectors should be considered. A forthcoming systematic review will provide additional evidence on the accuracy and precision of single-drop capillary blood for hemoglobin assessment. In the meantime, we raise caution when using single-drop capillary blood for hemoglobin measurement as it can result in inaccurate hemoglobin estimates and less reliable anemia prevalence estimates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 10","pages":"Article 100290"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100308
Kendra A Tiani , Cristina M Arenaz , Maureen K Spill , Margaret J Foster , Julie S Davis , Regan L Bailey , Martha S Field , Patrick J Stover , Amanda J MacFarlane
Ginger is a commonly used nonpharmacological treatment of pregnancy-related symptoms including nausea and vomiting, inflammation, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Determining the efficacy of ginger is particularly important during pregnancy and lactation when maternal and neonatal detrimental effects may be a concern. This evidence scan and umbrella review aimed to assess the extent and quality of the evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of using dietary preparations of ginger during pregnancy and lactation. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CAB Abstracts, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts up to 20 December, 2023, to identify maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with ginger use during pregnancy or lactation compared to placebo or conventional medicines. Outcomes for which a meta-analysis (MA) of intervention studies was identified were synthesized in an umbrella review. The AMSTAR-2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews-2) tool was used to critically appraise the reviews. The percent overlap in primary studies was calculated overall and pairwise for each included MA. Data extracted from each MA included the summary estimate of the effect of ginger, the formulation of the ginger treatment, gestational timepoint at intervention, population enrolled in the study, type of intervention, comparator intervention, and number of study participants. The evidence scan identified 90 articles relevant to ginger use during pregnancy and lactation. Seven MAs of ginger use for treating nausea and vomiting of pregnancy reported 22 independent studies with a 49% study overlap overall. The majority of the MAs found a significant positive effect of ginger on the improvement of nausea in pregnancy compared with placebo, or equivalence to conventional treatments, and no evidence of significant adverse effects. The quality of the MAs ranged from critically low to low. The evidence suggests that ginger is effective at reducing nausea in pregnancy; however, the included studies contained substantial heterogeneity and were of low quality.
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