Advances in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"An Overview of Reviews on the Association of Low Calorie Sweetener Consumption With Body Weight and Adiposity","authors":"Kelly A Higgins ,&nbsp;Rita Rawal ,&nbsp;Matthew Kramer ,&nbsp;David J Baer ,&nbsp;Aaron Yerke ,&nbsp;David M Klurfeld","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Numerous systematic reviews (SR) and meta-analyses (MA) on low calorie sweeteners (LCS) have been published in recent years, concluding that LCS have beneficial, neutral, or detrimental effects on various health outcomes, depending on the review.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this overview of reviews was to determine how the methodologies of SR investigating the association between LCS consumption and body weight (BW) influence their findings and whether MA results can provide a consistent estimated effect.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were conducted in November 2022 to identify SR of randomized controlled trials (RCT) or non-randomized studies (NRS) investigating the association between LCS consumption and BW. The methods, MA results, and conclusions were extracted from each eligible SR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 985 search results, 20 SR evaluated the association between LCS and BW, drawing from publications of 75 RCT, 42 prospective cohort studies, and 10 cross-sectional studies. There was a considerable lack of overlap of studies included within each SR attributed, in part, to the inclusion of studies based on design; thus, each SR synthesized results from distinctly different studies. Evidence synthesis methods were heterogeneous and often opaque, making it difficult to determine why results from certain studies were excluded or why disparate results were observed between SR.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SR investigating the effect of LCS on BW implement different methodologies to answer allegedly the same question, drawing from a different set of heterogeneous studies, ignoring the basic assumptions required for MA, resulting in disparate results and conclusions. Previous MA show the large effects of study design, which results in inconsistent estimates of the effect of LCS on BW between MA of RCT and NRS. Given the availability of long-term RCT, these studies should be the basis of determining causal relationships (or lack thereof) between LCS and BW.</div><div>This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022351200.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Nonnutritive Sweeteners on the BMI of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Prospective Cohort Studies","authors":"Alan Espinosa ,&nbsp;Kenny Mendoza ,&nbsp;Hugo Laviada-Molina ,&nbsp;Jorge Aarón Rangel-Méndez ,&nbsp;Fernanda Molina-Segui ,&nbsp;Qi Sun ,&nbsp;Deirdre K. Tobias ,&nbsp;Walter C. Willett ,&nbsp;Josiemer Mattei","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) on the body mass index [BMI (in kg/m²)] of children and adolescents remains unclear despite rising consumption. Detailed systematic evaluations are warranted. We aimed to summarize evidence on NNS consumption and BMI sex- and age-specific absolute changes (kg/m²) in pediatric populations, by NNS type, study design, duration, analysis type, conflicts of interest (COI), geographical region, age, sex, and baseline BMI. We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies in children (2–9 y), adolescents (10–24 y), and young adults (20–24 y). Pooled estimates derived from random-effects meta-analysis for BMI changes, and the evidence quality was evaluated overall and by subgroup. From 2789 results, we included 4 RCTs [<em>n</em> = 1372; mean follow-up = 42.6 wk (standard deviation = 18.4); 2 (50%) with COI], and 8 prospective cohort studies [<em>n</em> = 35,340; median follow-up 2.5 y (interquartile range = 1.7–6.3), 2 (25%) with COI]. No identified studies evaluated NNS in food, NNS beverages compared with water, or participants aged 20–24 y. Random allocation to NNS beverages (25–2400 mg/d, from beverages) showed less BMI gain [mean difference = −0.114 kg/m² (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.207, −0.021); <em>I</em>² = 87.02%] compared with sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Stratified estimates resulted in less BMI gain in adolescents, participants with baseline obesity, consumers of mixed NNS, longer trials, and trials without COI. Pooled estimates from prospective cohorts showed a nonsignificant association between NNS beverages and BMI gain [0.05 kg/m² (95% CI: −0.03, 0.13); <em>I</em>² = 75.06%; per daily 355 mL serving]. Stratified estimates remained consistent. Removing studies with COI attenuated estimates. Evidence had low to moderate quality. In summary, pooled results from RCTs comparing NNS beverages compared with SSBs showed less BMI gain in adolescents with obesity. Meta-analyses of long-term cohort studies did not display a significant association between NNS beverages and BMI changes.</div><div>This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022352284.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100292"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142302210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing Zinc’s Role in Preterm Infants’ Health: A Narrative Review","authors":"Alessandra Consales ,&nbsp;Carlo Agostoni ,&nbsp;Roberta Cazzola ,&nbsp;Roberta Ottria ,&nbsp;Maria Lorella Giannì","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc (Zn) is a trace element involved in numerous physiological processes, including enzyme function, gene transcription, and cell signaling. Its importance is especially pronounced in preterm infants, who are at high risk of Zn deficiency due to disrupted transplacental transfer, high nutrient demands, and medical complications. The inherent risk of Zn deficiency in this population is further increased by poor Zn dietary intake. Human milk from preterm mothers contains low concentrations of Zn, although it is highly bioavailable. Additionally, the Zn content steadily declines from colostrum (first few days postpartum) to mature milk (&gt;10–14 d postpartum). Formula milk contains higher Zn concentrations to compensate for nutrient losses during production and storage, and lower bioavailability compared with human milk, which is further decreased in case of high phytate content, such as in soy milk-based formulas. Zn supplements may prove useful in meeting the preterm infant’s needs, although caution is warranted regarding potential interactions with other nutrients within multinutrient supplements. Early detection of Zn deficiency is challenging due to the lack of reliable Zn status biomarkers, necessitating a high index of suspicion. Clinical signs of Zn deficiency can range from mild, nonspecific symptoms to severe, multisystem involvement. Chronic deficiency may lead to failure to thrive. Zn supplementation can support growth and mitigate comorbidities in preterm infants, although variability across studies complicates efforts to establish optimal dosing, and define safety and long-term effects. Although rare, Zn toxicity in preterm infants should not be overlooked, especially in infants on long-term parenteral nutrition. This narrative review aimed to consolidate existing knowledge and identify research gaps, highlighting the critical role of Zn in supporting preterm infants’ health. Further research is needed to establish evidence-based practices to improve health outcomes in this vulnerable population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100295"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective: Food Access at Dollar Stores and Its Implications for Public Health—Report of a Workshop on Identifying Research Priorities","authors":"Wenhui Feng ,&nbsp;Hailey Fromkin ,&nbsp;J Becket Harney ,&nbsp;Ryan Evans ,&nbsp;Colin M Gerrity ,&nbsp;Sean B Cash","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of dollar stores as retail sources of food in the United States is a phenomenon with implications for diets, nutrition, and well-being. We convened a broadly interdisciplinary group of researchers and experts from government and academia at the 2-day Food Access at Dollar Stores (FADS) workshop, held in Boston, MA in 2022. The event brought together economists, social scientists, public health researchers, and advocates to discuss the concerns and research questions raised by the growth of dollar stores and their increased role in food retail and access. In-person, moderated discussions on day 2 of the workshop generated a range of topics considered important for future research. A subsequent survey, using a modified Delphi approach, identified priority research areas. Nine research area categories emerged as a result of discussion at the FADS workshop and received prioritization from the experts: Local community impacts; Health and nutrition impacts; Policy and programs; Systemic issues – racism, poverty, and food access; Store offerings and locations; Shoppers and customers; Employees and employment; Corporate distribution, strategy, and marketing; and Dollar stores compared with other food sources. The growth of dollar stores as food retailers remains an under-researched area of study for food access and nutrition that requires interdisciplinary expertise and collaboration to understand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100319"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-nutritive Sweeteners and Health: Reconciling Evidence and Interrogating Guideline Disconnects","authors":"Tauseef A Khan ,&nbsp;Sabrina Ayoub-Charette ,&nbsp;John L Sievenpiper","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Zinc—Do We Need Catch-Up Evidence or Just Catch-Up Care?","authors":"Stephanie P Gilley,&nbsp;Nancy F Krebs","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100320","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100320"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural Cuisines and Cardiovascular Care: Tailoring Dietary Interventions for Effective Prevention","authors":"Alina Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100331"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflecting on the Implications of Dollar Store Expansions on Food and Nutrition Security in the United States","authors":"Amy R Mobley","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100337","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100337"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Genetic Architecture of Vitamin Status Biomarkers in the Genome-Wide Association Study Era: Biological Insights and Clinical Significance","authors":"William R Reay ,&nbsp;Erin D Clarke ,&nbsp;Clara Albiñana ,&nbsp;Liang-Dar Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamins play an intrinsic role in human health and are targets for clinical intervention through dietary or pharmacological approaches. Biomarkers of vitamin status are complex traits, measurable phenotypes that arise from an interplay between dietary and other environmental factors with a genetic component that is polygenic, meaning many genes are plausibly involved. Studying these genetic influences will improve our knowledge of fundamental vitamin biochemistry, refine estimates of the effects of vitamins on human health, and may in future prove clinically actionable. Here, we evaluate genetic studies of circulating and excreted biomarkers of vitamin status in the era of hypothesis-free genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that have provided unprecedented insights into the genetic architecture of these traits. We found that the most comprehensive and well-powered GWAS currently available were for circulating status biomarkers of vitamin A, C, D, and a subset of the B vitamins (B₉ and B₁₂). The biology implicated by GWAS of measured biomarkers of each vitamin is then discussed, both in terms of key genes and higher-order processes. Across all major vitamins, there were genetic signals revealed by GWAS that could be directly linked with known vitamin biochemistry. We also outline how genetic variants associated with vitamin status biomarkers have been already extensively used to estimate causal effects of vitamins on human health outcomes, which is particularly important given the large number of randomized control trials of vitamin related interventions with null findings. Finally, we discuss the current evidence for the clinical applicability of findings from vitamin GWAS, along with future directions for the field to maximize the utility of these data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11653147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Cognitive Resilience through Prebiotics: A Focused Perspective","authors":"Boushra Dalile ,&nbsp;Neil B Boyle ,&nbsp;Franco T Ruiz ,&nbsp;Anirikh Chakrabarti ,&nbsp;Frederique Respondek ,&nbsp;Georgina F Dodd ,&nbsp;Kathrin Cohen Kadosh ,&nbsp;Piril Hepsomali ,&nbsp;Robert J Brummer ,&nbsp;Simon McArthur ,&nbsp;Veerle Dam ,&nbsp;Yoghatama Cindya Zanzer ,&nbsp;Yannick Vermeiren ,&nbsp;Harriet Schellekens","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This perspective article is a product of the work of an expert group within the Prebiotic Task Force convened by the International Life Sciences Institute Europe, a non-profit organization that brings together experts from academia, industry, and public service to catalyze nutrition science for public benefit. An expert group was conceived in October 2023 to discuss the evidence base on the use of prebiotics to promote cognitive functioning, with a focus on highlighting knowledge gaps and proposing a list of recommendations to guide this specific area of research forward. To address this, we evaluated existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses of human intervention studies that examine the effects of prebiotics on cognitive functioning. These are predominantly conducted in healthy participants under basal conditions and have, to date, revealed limited effects. In this perspective, we propose that prebiotics should be investigated as agents to promote cognitive resilience by testing their effects on cognitive performance under certain cognition-taxing factors that individuals encounter across their lifespan. These include stress, poor sleep outcomes, sedentary behavior, and unhealthy dietary patterns, all of which have been shown to be associated with altered microbiome and impact global cognition or specific cognitive domains. In addition, we recommend identifying vulnerable populations that are either subclinical or that struggle chronically or periodically with 1 or more cognition-taxing factors, to better uncover the boundary conditions for prebiotic effectiveness. By broadening the scope of research to include diverse populations and challenging conditions in daily life or experimental settings, we can expand our understanding of the role of prebiotics not only in cognitive health or impairment, but also as potential preventative agents that may promote cognitive resilience during aging and in response to various lifestyle-related challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}