Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100319
Wenhui Feng , Hailey Fromkin , J Becket Harney , Ryan Evans , Colin M Gerrity , Sean B Cash
The rapid growth of dollar stores as retail sources of food in the United States is a phenomenon with implications for diets, nutrition, and well-being. We convened a broadly interdisciplinary group of researchers and experts from government and academia at the 2-day Food Access at Dollar Stores (FADS) workshop, held in Boston, MA in 2022. The event brought together economists, social scientists, public health researchers, and advocates to discuss the concerns and research questions raised by the growth of dollar stores and their increased role in food retail and access. In-person, moderated discussions on day 2 of the workshop generated a range of topics considered important for future research. A subsequent survey, using a modified Delphi approach, identified priority research areas. Nine research area categories emerged as a result of discussion at the FADS workshop and received prioritization from the experts: Local community impacts; Health and nutrition impacts; Policy and programs; Systemic issues – racism, poverty, and food access; Store offerings and locations; Shoppers and customers; Employees and employment; Corporate distribution, strategy, and marketing; and Dollar stores compared with other food sources. The growth of dollar stores as food retailers remains an under-researched area of study for food access and nutrition that requires interdisciplinary expertise and collaboration to understand.
{"title":"Perspective: Food Access at Dollar Stores and Its Implications for Public Health—Report of a Workshop on Identifying Research Priorities","authors":"Wenhui Feng , Hailey Fromkin , J Becket Harney , Ryan Evans , Colin M Gerrity , Sean B Cash","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of dollar stores as retail sources of food in the United States is a phenomenon with implications for diets, nutrition, and well-being. We convened a broadly interdisciplinary group of researchers and experts from government and academia at the 2-day Food Access at Dollar Stores (FADS) workshop, held in Boston, MA in 2022. The event brought together economists, social scientists, public health researchers, and advocates to discuss the concerns and research questions raised by the growth of dollar stores and their increased role in food retail and access. In-person, moderated discussions on day 2 of the workshop generated a range of topics considered important for future research. A subsequent survey, using a modified Delphi approach, identified priority research areas. Nine research area categories emerged as a result of discussion at the FADS workshop and received prioritization from the experts: Local community impacts; Health and nutrition impacts; Policy and programs; Systemic issues – racism, poverty, and food access; Store offerings and locations; Shoppers and customers; Employees and employment; Corporate distribution, strategy, and marketing; and Dollar stores compared with other food sources. The growth of dollar stores as food retailers remains an under-researched area of study for food access and nutrition that requires interdisciplinary expertise and collaboration to understand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100319"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100328
Tauseef A Khan , Sabrina Ayoub-Charette , John L Sievenpiper
{"title":"Non-nutritive Sweeteners and Health: Reconciling Evidence and Interrogating Guideline Disconnects","authors":"Tauseef A Khan , Sabrina Ayoub-Charette , John L Sievenpiper","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100320
Stephanie P Gilley, Nancy F Krebs
{"title":"Rethinking Zinc—Do We Need Catch-Up Evidence or Just Catch-Up Care?","authors":"Stephanie P Gilley, Nancy F Krebs","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100320","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100320"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100337
Amy R Mobley
{"title":"Reflecting on the Implications of Dollar Store Expansions on Food and Nutrition Security in the United States","authors":"Amy R Mobley","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100337","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100337"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100344
William R Reay , Erin D Clarke , Clara Albiñana , Liang-Dar Hwang
Vitamins play an intrinsic role in human health and are targets for clinical intervention through dietary or pharmacological approaches. Biomarkers of vitamin status are complex traits, measurable phenotypes that arise from an interplay between dietary and other environmental factors with a genetic component that is polygenic, meaning many genes are plausibly involved. Studying these genetic influences will improve our knowledge of fundamental vitamin biochemistry, refine estimates of the effects of vitamins on human health, and may in future prove clinically actionable. Here, we evaluate genetic studies of circulating and excreted biomarkers of vitamin status in the era of hypothesis-free genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that have provided unprecedented insights into the genetic architecture of these traits. We found that the most comprehensive and well-powered GWAS currently available were for circulating status biomarkers of vitamin A, C, D, and a subset of the B vitamins (B9 and B12). The biology implicated by GWAS of measured biomarkers of each vitamin is then discussed, both in terms of key genes and higher-order processes. Across all major vitamins, there were genetic signals revealed by GWAS that could be directly linked with known vitamin biochemistry. We also outline how genetic variants associated with vitamin status biomarkers have been already extensively used to estimate causal effects of vitamins on human health outcomes, which is particularly important given the large number of randomized control trials of vitamin related interventions with null findings. Finally, we discuss the current evidence for the clinical applicability of findings from vitamin GWAS, along with future directions for the field to maximize the utility of these data.
维生素对人体健康起着内在作用，是通过饮食或药物方法进行临床干预的目标。维生素状态的生物标志物是一种复杂的性状和可测量的表型，是由膳食和其他环境因素与多基因遗传因素相互作用而产生的。研究这些遗传影响因素将提高我们对基本维生素生物化学的认识，完善维生素对人体健康影响的估计，并可能在未来被证明具有临床可操作性。在这里，我们评估了在无假设全基因组关联研究（GWAS）时代对维生素状态的循环和排泄生物标志物的遗传研究，这些研究为我们了解这些特征的遗传结构提供了前所未有的视角。我们发现，目前最全面、最有效的全基因组关联研究针对的是维生素 A、C、D 和 B 族维生素（B9 和 B12）的循环状态生物标志物。然后从关键基因和高阶过程两个方面讨论了每种维生素的生物标记物的 GWAS 所涉及的生物学。在所有主要维生素中，GWAS 发现了一些可与已知维生素生物化学直接关联的遗传信号。我们还概述了与维生素状态生物标志物相关的基因变异是如何被广泛用于估算维生素对人类健康结果的因果效应的，这一点尤为重要，因为大量与维生素相关的干预措施随机对照试验的结果都是无效的。最后，我们讨论了维生素基因组学研究结果临床适用性的现有证据，以及该领域最大限度地利用这些数据的未来方向。
{"title":"Understanding the Genetic Architecture of Vitamin Status Biomarkers in the Genome-Wide Association Study Era: Biological Insights and Clinical Significance","authors":"William R Reay , Erin D Clarke , Clara Albiñana , Liang-Dar Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamins play an intrinsic role in human health and are targets for clinical intervention through dietary or pharmacological approaches. Biomarkers of vitamin status are complex traits, measurable phenotypes that arise from an interplay between dietary and other environmental factors with a genetic component that is polygenic, meaning many genes are plausibly involved. Studying these genetic influences will improve our knowledge of fundamental vitamin biochemistry, refine estimates of the effects of vitamins on human health, and may in future prove clinically actionable. Here, we evaluate genetic studies of circulating and excreted biomarkers of vitamin status in the era of hypothesis-free genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that have provided unprecedented insights into the genetic architecture of these traits. We found that the most comprehensive and well-powered GWAS currently available were for circulating status biomarkers of vitamin A, C, D, and a subset of the B vitamins (B<sub>9</sub> and B<sub>12</sub>). The biology implicated by GWAS of measured biomarkers of each vitamin is then discussed, both in terms of key genes and higher-order processes. Across all major vitamins, there were genetic signals revealed by GWAS that could be directly linked with known vitamin biochemistry. We also outline how genetic variants associated with vitamin status biomarkers have been already extensively used to estimate causal effects of vitamins on human health outcomes, which is particularly important given the large number of randomized control trials of vitamin related interventions with null findings. Finally, we discuss the current evidence for the clinical applicability of findings from vitamin GWAS, along with future directions for the field to maximize the utility of these data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11653147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100343
Boushra Dalile , Neil B Boyle , Franco T Ruiz , Anirikh Chakrabarti , Frederique Respondek , Georgina F Dodd , Kathrin Cohen Kadosh , Piril Hepsomali , Robert J Brummer , Simon McArthur , Veerle Dam , Yoghatama Cindya Zanzer , Yannick Vermeiren , Harriet Schellekens
This perspective article is a product of the work of an expert group within the Prebiotic Task Force convened by the International Life Sciences Institute Europe, a non-profit organization that brings together experts from academia, industry, and public service to catalyze nutrition science for public benefit. An expert group was conceived in October 2023 to discuss the evidence base on the use of prebiotics to promote cognitive functioning, with a focus on highlighting knowledge gaps and proposing a list of recommendations to guide this specific area of research forward. To address this, we evaluated existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses of human intervention studies that examine the effects of prebiotics on cognitive functioning. These are predominantly conducted in healthy participants under basal conditions and have, to date, revealed limited effects. In this perspective, we propose that prebiotics should be investigated as agents to promote cognitive resilience by testing their effects on cognitive performance under certain cognition-taxing factors that individuals encounter across their lifespan. These include stress, poor sleep outcomes, sedentary behavior, and unhealthy dietary patterns, all of which have been shown to be associated with altered microbiome and impact global cognition or specific cognitive domains. In addition, we recommend identifying vulnerable populations that are either subclinical or that struggle chronically or periodically with 1 or more cognition-taxing factors, to better uncover the boundary conditions for prebiotic effectiveness. By broadening the scope of research to include diverse populations and challenging conditions in daily life or experimental settings, we can expand our understanding of the role of prebiotics not only in cognitive health or impairment, but also as potential preventative agents that may promote cognitive resilience during aging and in response to various lifestyle-related challenges.
{"title":"Targeting Cognitive Resilience through Prebiotics: A Focused Perspective","authors":"Boushra Dalile , Neil B Boyle , Franco T Ruiz , Anirikh Chakrabarti , Frederique Respondek , Georgina F Dodd , Kathrin Cohen Kadosh , Piril Hepsomali , Robert J Brummer , Simon McArthur , Veerle Dam , Yoghatama Cindya Zanzer , Yannick Vermeiren , Harriet Schellekens","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This perspective article is a product of the work of an expert group within the Prebiotic Task Force convened by the International Life Sciences Institute Europe, a non-profit organization that brings together experts from academia, industry, and public service to catalyze nutrition science for public benefit. An expert group was conceived in October 2023 to discuss the evidence base on the use of prebiotics to promote cognitive functioning, with a focus on highlighting knowledge gaps and proposing a list of recommendations to guide this specific area of research forward. To address this, we evaluated existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses of human intervention studies that examine the effects of prebiotics on cognitive functioning. These are predominantly conducted in healthy participants under basal conditions and have, to date, revealed limited effects. In this perspective, we propose that prebiotics should be investigated as agents to promote cognitive resilience by testing their effects on cognitive performance under certain cognition-taxing factors that individuals encounter across their lifespan. These include stress, poor sleep outcomes, sedentary behavior, and unhealthy dietary patterns, all of which have been shown to be associated with altered microbiome and impact global cognition or specific cognitive domains. In addition, we recommend identifying vulnerable populations that are either subclinical or that struggle chronically or periodically with 1 or more cognition-taxing factors, to better uncover the boundary conditions for prebiotic effectiveness. By broadening the scope of research to include diverse populations and challenging conditions in daily life or experimental settings, we can expand our understanding of the role of prebiotics not only in cognitive health or impairment, but also as potential preventative agents that may promote cognitive resilience during aging and in response to various lifestyle-related challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100334
Ashley J Vargas
{"title":"Generating the Best Available Science and Data to Inform Healthy Food Environment Policy","authors":"Ashley J Vargas","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100334","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100336
Xi Lin , Sean H Adams , Jerry Vockley , Jack Odle
{"title":"Carnitine","authors":"Xi Lin , Sean H Adams , Jerry Vockley , Jack Odle","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100336","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100335
Steven B Heymsfield , Jasmine Brown , Sophia Ramirez , Carla M Prado , Grant M Tinsley , Maria Cristina Gonzalez
The 2-component molecular-level model dividing body mass into fat and fat-free mass (FFM) is a cornerstone of contemporary body composition research across multiple disciplines. Confusion prevails, however, as the term lean body mass (LBM) is frequently used interchangeably with FFM in scientific discourse. Are LBM and FFM the same or different body components? Captain Albert R. Behnke originated the LBM concept in 1942 and he argued that his “physiological” LBM component included “essential” fat or structural lipids whereas FFM is a chemical entity “free” of fat. Classical experimental animal and human studies conducted during Behnke’s era laid the foundation for the widely used body density and total body water 2-component molecular-level body composition models. Refined body composition models, organization of lipids into structural and functional groupings, and lipid extraction methods all have advanced since Behnke’s era. Our review provides an in-depth analysis of these developments with the aim of clarifying distinctions between the chemical composition of LBM and FFM. Our retrospective analysis reveals that FFM, derived experimentally as the difference between body weight and extracted neutral or nonpolar lipids (mainly triglycerides), includes polar or structural lipids (that is, Behnke’s “essential” fat). Accordingly, LBM as originally proposed by Behnke has the same chemical composition as FFM, thus answering a longstanding ambiguity in the body composition literature. Bringing body composition science into the modern era mandates the use of the chemically correct term FFM with the elimination of the duplicative term LBM that today has value primarily in a historical context. Avoiding the use of the term LBM additionally limits confusion surrounding similar widely used body composition terms such as lean mass, lean soft tissue mass, and lean muscle mass.
{"title":"Are Lean Body Mass and Fat-Free Mass the Same or Different Body Components? A Critical Perspective","authors":"Steven B Heymsfield , Jasmine Brown , Sophia Ramirez , Carla M Prado , Grant M Tinsley , Maria Cristina Gonzalez","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 2-component molecular-level model dividing body mass into fat and fat-free mass (FFM) is a cornerstone of contemporary body composition research across multiple disciplines. Confusion prevails, however, as the term lean body mass (LBM) is frequently used interchangeably with FFM in scientific discourse. Are LBM and FFM the same or different body components? Captain Albert R. Behnke originated the LBM concept in 1942 and he argued that his “physiological” LBM component included “essential” fat or structural lipids whereas FFM is a chemical entity “free” of fat. Classical experimental animal and human studies conducted during Behnke’s era laid the foundation for the widely used body density and total body water 2-component molecular-level body composition models. Refined body composition models, organization of lipids into structural and functional groupings, and lipid extraction methods all have advanced since Behnke’s era. Our review provides an in-depth analysis of these developments with the aim of clarifying distinctions between the chemical composition of LBM and FFM. Our retrospective analysis reveals that FFM, derived experimentally as the difference between body weight and extracted neutral or nonpolar lipids (mainly triglycerides), includes polar or structural lipids (that is, Behnke’s “essential” fat). Accordingly, LBM as originally proposed by Behnke has the same chemical composition as FFM, thus answering a longstanding ambiguity in the body composition literature. Bringing body composition science into the modern era mandates the use of the chemically correct term FFM with the elimination of the duplicative term LBM that today has value primarily in a historical context. Avoiding the use of the term LBM additionally limits confusion surrounding similar widely used body composition terms such as lean mass, lean soft tissue mass, and lean muscle mass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100335"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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