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The Carbon Isotope Ratio as an Objective Biomarker of Added Sugar Intake: A Scoping Review of Current Evidence in Human Nutrition 碳稳定同位素比(CIR)作为添加糖摄入量的客观生物标志物:人类营养学现有证据范围综述》。
IF 8 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100281
Gina L Tripicchio , Alissa D Smethers , Jessica J Johnson , Jordan A Olenginski , Diane M O’Brien , Jennifer Orlet Fisher , Vitalina A Robinson , Sarah H Nash

Objective biomarkers of dietary intake are needed to advance nutrition research. The carbon isotope ratio (C13/C12; CIR) holds promise as an objective biomarker of added sugar (AS) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake. This systematic scoping review presents the current evidence on CIRs from human studies. Search results (through April 12, 2024) yielded 6297 studies and 24 final articles. Studies were observational (n = 12), controlled feeding (n = 10), or dietary interventions (n = 2). CIRs were sampled from blood (n = 23), hair (n = 5), breath (n = 2), and/or adipose tissue (n = 1). Most (n = 17) conducted whole tissue (that is, bulk) analysis, 8 used compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA), and/or 2 studies used methods appropriate for analyzing breath. Studies were conducted in 3 concentrated geographic regions of the United States (n = 7 Virginia; n = 5 Arizona; n = 4 Alaska), with only 2 studies conducted in other countries. Studies that used CSIA to examine the CIR from the amino acid alanine (CIR-Ala; n = 4) and CIR analyzed from breath (n = 2) provided the most robust evidence for CIR as an objective biomarker of AS and SSBs (R2 range 0.36–0.91). Studies using bulk analysis of hair or blood showed positive, but modest and more variable associations with AS and SSBs (R2 range 0.05–0.48). Few studies showed no association, particularly in non-United States populations and those with low AS and SSB intakes. Two studies provided evidence for CIR to detect changes in SSB intake in response to dietary interventions. Overall, the most compelling evidence supports CIR-Ala as an objective indicator of AS intake and breath CIR as an indicator of short-term AS intake. Considering how to adjust for underlying dietary patterns remains an important area of future work and emerging methods using breath and CSIA warrant additional investigation. More evidence is needed to refine the utility and specificity of CIRs to measure AS and SSB intake.

推进营养研究需要客观的膳食摄入生物标志物。碳稳定同位素比值(C13/C12;CIR)有望成为添加糖(AS)和含糖饮料(SSB)摄入量的客观生物标志物。本系统性范围综述介绍了目前人类研究中有关 CIR 的证据。搜索结果(截至 2024 年 4 月 12 日)共获得 6297 项研究和 24 篇最终文章。研究为观察性研究(12 篇)、控制喂养研究(10 篇)或膳食干预研究(2 篇)。CIR 取样于血液(23 例)、毛发(5 例)、呼气(2 例)和/或脂肪组织(1 例)。大多数研究(n=17)进行了整体组织(即块状)分析,8 项研究使用了特定化合物同位素分析 (CSIA),和/或 2 项研究使用了适合分析呼气的方法。研究集中在美国的三个地理区域进行(弗吉尼亚州 7 项;亚利桑那州 5 项;阿拉斯加州 4 项),只有两项研究在其他国家进行。使用 CSIA 检测来自非必需氨基酸丙氨酸的 CIR(CIR-Ala;n=4)和来自呼气分析的 CIR(n=2)的研究提供了最有力的证据,证明 CIR 是 AS 和 SSB 的客观生物标志物(R2 范围为 0.36-0.91)。对毛发或血液进行批量分析的研究表明,CIR 与 AS 和 SSB 呈正相关,但相关性不大,且差异较大(R2 范围为 0.05-0.48)。少数研究显示两者之间没有关联,尤其是在非美国人口和 AS 与 SSB 摄入量较低的人群中。有两项研究证明,CIR 可检测膳食干预对 SSB 摄入量的影响。总之,最有说服力的证据支持将 CIR-Ala 作为 AS 摄入量的客观指标,并将呼气 CIR 作为短期 AS 摄入量的指标。考虑如何调整潜在的膳食模式仍然是未来工作的一个重要领域,使用呼气和 CSIA 的新方法值得进一步研究。还需要更多的证据来完善CIRs在测量AS和SSB摄入量方面的实用性和特异性。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence in Malnutrition: A Systematic Literature Review 营养不良中的人工智能:系统文献综述。
IF 8 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100264

Malnutrition among the population of the world is a frequent yet underdiagnosed problem in both children and adults. Development of malnutrition screening and diagnostic tools for early detection of malnutrition is necessary to prevent long-term complications to patients’ health and well-being. Most of these tools are based on predefined questionnaires and consensus guidelines. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) allows for automated tools to detect malnutrition in an earlier stage to prevent long-term consequences. In this study, a systematic literature review was carried out with the goal of providing detailed information on what patient groups, screening tools, machine learning algorithms, data types, and variables are being used, as well as the current limitations and implementation stage of these AI-based tools. The results showed that a staggering majority exceeding 90% of all AI models go unused in day-to-day clinical practice. Furthermore, supervised learning models seemed to be the most popular type of learning. Alongside this, disease-related malnutrition was the most common category of malnutrition found in the analysis of all primary studies. This research provides a resource for researchers to identify directions for their research on the use of AI in malnutrition.

营养不良是世界人口中经常出现的问题,但对儿童和成人的诊断都不足。有必要开发营养不良筛查和诊断工具,以便及早发现营养不良,防止对患者健康和福祉造成长期并发症。这些工具大多基于预定义问卷和共识指南。人工智能(AI)的使用可使自动工具更早地检测出营养不良,从而预防长期后果。在这项研究中,我们进行了系统的文献综述,目的是提供详细信息,说明正在使用哪些患者群体、筛查工具、机器学习算法、数据类型和变量,以及这些人工智能工具目前的局限性和实施阶段。结果显示,在日常临床实践中,超过 90% 的人工智能模型未被使用,比例之高令人吃惊。此外,监督学习模型似乎是最受欢迎的学习类型。与此同时,与疾病相关的营养不良是所有主要研究分析中发现的最常见的营养不良类别。目前的研究为研究人员提供了一个资源库,帮助他们确定在营养不良中使用人工智能的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Whole-Diet Interventions on Memory and Cognitive Function in Healthy Older Adults – A Systematic Review 全膳食干预对健康老年人记忆力和认知功能的影响--系统综述。
IF 8 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100291
Lina Tingö , Cecilia Bergh , Julia Rode , Maria Fernanda Roca Rubio , Jonas Persson , Linnea Brengesjö Johnson , Lotte H Smit , Ashley N Hutchinson

An increasing number of cross-sectional studies suggests that diet may impact memory and cognition in healthy older adults. However, randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of whole-diet interventions on memory and cognition in healthy older adults are rather rare, and conflicting results are often reported. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to compile the current evidence regarding the potential effects of whole-diet interventions on 1) memory and 2) other cognitive outcomes in older adults. Studies that reported on randomized controlled trials with dietary interventions in healthy older adults (≥60 y) were included. Studies utilizing supplements, single food items, or trials in specific patient groups (i.e., neurodegenerative diagnoses) were excluded. For the 23 included articles, the main outcomes examined fell into 1 or more of the following categories: cognitive task-based outcomes related to memory, other cognitive task-based outcomes, and additional outcomes related to cognitive function or disease risk. Three of the studies that investigated dietary interventions alone and 2 multidomain studies showed positive effects on memory function, whereas 5 multidomain interventions and 1 intervention that focused on diet alone showed positive effects on other cognitive outcomes. The effect of randomized, controlled whole-diet interventions on memory and cognitive function in healthy older adults is modest and inconclusive, highlighting the need for more well-designed, sufficiently powered studies. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms by which diet impacts cognition in healthy aging need to be elucidated.

This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO as CRD42022329759.

背景:越来越多的横断面研究表明,饮食可能会影响健康老年人的记忆力和认知能力。然而,调查全膳食干预对健康老年人记忆和认知影响的随机对照试验却相当罕见,而且报告的结果往往相互矛盾:因此,我们进行了一项系统性综述,以汇编有关全膳食干预对 1) 老年人记忆力和 2) 其他认知结果的潜在影响的现有证据:方法:纳入对健康老年人(60 岁及以上)进行饮食干预的随机对照试验的研究报告。不包括使用补充剂、单一食品或对特定患者群体(即神经退行性疾病诊断)进行试验的研究:在纳入的 23 篇文章中,主要研究结果分为以下一个或多个类别:与记忆有关的认知任务结果、其他认知任务结果以及与认知功能或疾病风险有关的其他结果。其中三项单独调查饮食干预的研究和两项多领域研究显示了对记忆功能的积极影响,而五项多领域干预和一项单独关注饮食的干预则显示了对其他认知结果的积极影响:结论:随机对照的全膳食干预对健康老年人的记忆和认知功能的影响不大,尚无定论,这突出表明需要进行更多设计合理、有充分证据支持的研究。此外,饮食影响健康老年人认知能力的潜在机制也有待阐明。系统综述或荟萃分析的注册表和注册号:本系统综述已在 PROSPERO 注册,注册号为 CRD42022329759。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of and Survival with Cachexia among Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 癌症患者恶病质的发生率和存活率:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 8 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100282
Tomoya Takaoka , Akinori Yaegashi , Daiki Watanabe

Cachexia is associated with lower overall survival (OS) in patients with cancer; however, the relationship between the two is reported to differ according to the definitive criteria for diagnosing cachexia.

We aimed to investigate 1) the difference in the prevalence of cachexia in patients with cancer and 2) the association between cachexia and OS, depending on the definitive criteria for diagnosing cachexia in patients with cancer. We searched PubMed and Web of Science from their inception until July 31, 2023, to identify eligible studies. We conducted a systematic review of the prevalence of cachexia in patients with cancer and performed a meta-analysis to investigate its relationship with OS. A total of 125 articles comprising 137,960 patients were included in the systematic review, and 26 articles consisting of 11,118 patients underwent meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of cachexia in patients with cancer was 33.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.8, 33.3); however, it varied according to the definitive criteria for diagnosing cachexia (13.9%–56.5%). According to the Fearon 2011 criteria, the prevalence of cachexia was associated with a high hazard ratio (HR) for OS compared with that of noncachexia [HR: 1.58 (95% CI: 1.45, 1.73)]; according to the other criteria, the HR was 2.78 (95% CI: 1.88, 4.11), indicating significant subgroup differences (P = 0.006). The dose–response curve indicated that the HR for OS plateaued at a cachexia prevalence range of 40%–50% (l-shaped relationship). The prevalence of cachexia in patients with cancer may vary depending on the definitive criteria used to diagnose cachexia. The HR for OS was higher for low cachexia prevalence. The definitive criteria should be carefully considered when assessing cachexia in patients with cancer.

This trial was registered at the PROSPERO as CRD42023435474.

背景:恶病质与癌症患者较低的总生存率有关;然而,据报道,两者之间的关系因诊断恶病质的明确标准而异:我们的目的是调查:(1) 癌症患者恶病质发生率的差异;(2) 癌症患者恶病质与总生存率之间的关系,这取决于诊断癌症患者恶病质的明确标准:我们检索了从 PubMed 和 Web of Science 开始到 2023 年 7 月 31 日的资料,以确定符合条件的研究。我们对癌症患者恶病质的发生率进行了系统回顾,并进行了荟萃分析,以研究恶病质与总生存期的关系:共有125篇文章(137960名患者)被纳入系统综述,26篇文章(11118名患者)进行了荟萃分析。癌症患者恶病质的总发生率为 33.0%(95% 置信区间 [CI],32.8-33.3);但根据诊断恶病质的明确标准不同,发生率也不同(13.9-56.5%)。根据 Fearon 2011 标准,与非恶病质相比,恶病质的发生率与总生存率的高危险比(HR)相关(HR:1.58 [95% CI,1.45-1.73]);根据其他标准,HR 为 2.78(95% CI,1.88-4.11),显示出显著的亚组差异(P = 0.006)。剂量反应曲线显示,当恶病质发生率在40%-50%之间时,总生存率趋于稳定(L型关系):结论:癌症患者的恶病质发生率可能因诊断恶病质的明确标准而异。恶病质发生率低的患者总生存率更高。在评估癌症患者的恶病质时,应仔细考虑明确的标准。本研究已在 PROSPERO 注册,注册号为 CRD42023435474:本研究为临床实践中癌症恶病质鉴别诊断标准对预后的影响提供了重要见解。我们提供的定量和定性证据表明,根据癌症患者恶病质的明确诊断标准,患者的总生存率和恶病质发生率存在显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
Evolution of Dietary Diversity: Further Consideration of Contextual and Multidimensional Features 膳食多样性的演变:进一步考虑环境和多维特征。
IF 8 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100284
Kirsten A Herrick , Jennifer L Lerman
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Multidimensional and Within-Food Group Diversity for Diet Quality and Long-Term Health in High-Income Countries 探索高收入国家饮食质量和长期健康的多维和食品组内多样性
IF 8 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100278
Anaëlle Bolo , Eric Verger , Hélène Fouillet , François Mariotti

Dietary diversity is a crucial component of healthy eating patterns because it ensures nutritional adequacy. Yet, concerns have been raised about the potential risks of its increase, which may reflect excessive consumption of unhealthy foods and higher obesity or cardiometabolic risk, particularly in high-income countries. However, the links between dietary diversity and different health outcomes remain inconclusive because of methodological differences in assessing dietary diversity. Numerous studies, mostly cross-sectional, have assessed dietary diversity using different indicators usually based only on the number of foods or food groups consumed. In this perspective, we emphasize that dietary diversity is a multidimensional concept encompassing the number of foods in the diet (food coverage) but also their relative proportions (food evenness) and the nutritional dissimilarity of foods consumed over time (food complementarity). Consequently, a comprehensive assessment of dietary diversity reflecting all its dimensions, both between and within-food groups, is needed to determine the optimal level of complementarity between and within-food groups required to improve health and diet quality. Moreover, given the prevailing context of abundant highly processed and energy-dense foods in high-income countries, promoting dietary diversity should prioritize nutrient-dense food groups. Until recently, within-food group diversity has received limited attention in research and public health recommendations. Still, it may play a role in improving diet quality and long-term health. This perspective aims to clarify the concept of dietary diversity and suggest research avenues that should be explored to better understand its associations with nutritional adequacy and health among adults in high-income countries.

膳食多样性是健康饮食模式的重要组成部分,因为它能确保营养充足。然而,人们也对膳食多样性增加的潜在风险表示担忧,因为这可能反映了不健康食品的过度消费和肥胖或心脏代谢风险的增加,尤其是在高收入国家。然而,由于评估膳食多样性的方法不同,膳食多样性与不同健康结果之间的联系仍无定论。许多研究(大多为横断面研究)使用不同的指标来评估膳食多样性,这些指标通常仅基于所摄入的食物或食物种类的数量。从这个角度来看,我们强调膳食多样性是一个多维概念,不仅包括膳食中食物的数量(食物覆盖率),还包括食物的相对比例(食物均匀度)以及不同时期摄入食物的营养差异(食物互补性)。因此,需要对膳食多样性进行全面评估,以反映食物组间和食物组内膳食多样性的所有方面,从而确定食物组间和食物组内膳食互补的最佳水平,以改善健康和膳食质量。此外,鉴于高收入国家普遍存在大量高加工和高能量食品的情况,促进膳食多样性应优先考虑营养密集型食品类别。直到最近,在研究和公共卫生建议中,食物组内多样性受到的关注还很有限。尽管如此,它仍可在改善膳食质量和长期健康方面发挥作用。本观点旨在澄清膳食多样性的概念,并提出应探索的研究途径,以更好地了解膳食多样性与高收入国家成年人营养充足性和健康之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Recommendations for Designing, Conducting, and Reporting Feeding Trials in Nutrition Research 关于在营养研究中设计、开展和报告喂养试验的建议。
IF 8 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100283
Delyse SY Tien , Meghan Hockey , Daniel So , Jordan Stanford , Erin D Clarke , Clare E Collins , Heidi M Staudacher
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for clinical trials in nutrition science. For trials of whole diets, dietary counseling is advantageous as they offer clinical translatability although can vary in the fidelity of the intended intervention from participant to participant and across studies. Feeding trials, in which most or all food is provided, offer high precision and can provide proof-of-concept evidence that a dietary intervention is efficacious and can also better evaluate the effect of known quantities of foods and nutrients on physiology. However, they come with additional methodological complexities. Feeding trials also call for a variety of unique methodological considerations, not least of which relate to the design and delivery of diets to participants. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of recommendations for design and conduct of feeding trials, encompassing domiciled and nondomiciled feeding trials. Several pertinent aspects of trial design and methodology are discussed, including defining the study population to maximize retention, safety, and generalizability of findings, recommendations for design of control interventions and optimizing blinding, and specific considerations for clinical populations. A detailed stepwise process for menu design, development, validation, and delivery are also presented. These recommendations aim to facilitate methodologic consistency and execution of high-quality feeding trials, ultimately facilitating improved understanding of the role of diet in treating disease and the underpinning mechanisms.
双盲、安慰剂对照、随机对照试验是营养科学临床试验的黄金标准。对于整体膳食试验而言,膳食咨询具有临床可转化性的优势,尽管不同的参与者和不同的研究在预期干预的忠实性方面可能存在差异。喂养试验提供了大部分或全部食物,具有很高的精确性,可以提供概念验证证据,证明膳食干预具有疗效,还可以更好地评估已知数量的食物和营养素对生理学的影响。不过,这些试验在方法上也有其复杂性。喂养试验还需要考虑各种独特的方法论因素,其中最重要的是与设计和向参与者提供饮食有关的因素。本综述旨在全面总结有关设计和开展喂养试验的建议,包括定居和非定居喂养试验。本综述讨论了试验设计和方法的几个相关方面,包括确定研究人群以最大限度地保留研究结果、研究结果的安全性和可推广性、设计对照干预和优化盲法的建议,以及临床人群的具体注意事项。此外,还介绍了菜单设计、开发、验证和交付的详细步骤。这些建议旨在促进方法的一致性和高质量喂养试验的实施,最终促进人们更好地了解饮食在治疗疾病中的作用及其基本机制。
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引用次数: 0
Magnesium and Cognitive Health in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 镁与成年人的认知健康:系统回顾与元分析》。
IF 8 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100272
Fan Chen , Jifan Wang , Yijie Cheng , Ruogu Li , Yifei Wang , Yutong Chen , Tammy Scott , Katherine L Tucker

Magnesium (Mg) plays a key role in neurological functioning and manifestations. However, the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohorts on Mg and cognitive health among adults has not been systematically reviewed. We aimed to examine the associations of various Mg forms (supplements, dietary intake, and biomarkers) with cognitive outcomes by summarizing evidence from RCTs and cohorts. PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for relevant peer-reviewed articles published up to May 3, 2024. Three random-effects models were performed, when appropriate, to evaluate the relationship between Mg and cognitive outcomes: 1) linear meta-regression, 2) nonlinear (quadratic) meta-regression, and 3) meta-analysis using Mg variables categorized based on pre-existing recommendations. Three RCTs and 12 cohort studies were included in this systematic review. Evidence from the limited number of RCTs was insufficient to draw conclusions on the effects of Mg supplements. Cohort studies showed inconsistent dose–response relationships between dietary Mg and cognitive disorders, with high heterogeneity across populations. However, consistent U-shape associations of serum Mg with all-cause dementia and cognitive impairment were found in cohorts, suggesting an optimal serum Mg concentration of ∼0.85 mmol/L. This nonlinear association was detected in meta-regression (Pquadratic = 0.003) and in meta-analysis based on the reference interval of serum Mg (0.75–0.95 mmol/L) [<0.75 compared with 0.85 mmol/L: pooled hazard ratio (HR) = 1.43; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05, 1.93; >0.95 compared with 0.85 mmol/L: pooled HR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.64]. More evidence from RCTs and cohorts is warranted. Future cohort studies should evaluate various Mg biomarkers and collect repeated measurements of Mg intake over time, considering different sources (diet or supplements) and factors affecting absorption (for example, calcium-to-Mg intake ratio). This systematic review was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42023423663).

镁(Mg)在神经功能和表现中起着关键作用。然而,关于镁与成人认知健康的随机对照试验(RCT)和队列研究的证据尚未得到系统回顾。我们旨在通过总结随机对照试验和队列研究的证据,研究各种形式的镁(补充剂、膳食摄入量和生物标志物)与认知结果之间的关系。我们在PubMed、Embase、PsycINFO和Cochrane对照试验中央注册中心检索了截至2024年5月3日发表的相关同行评审文章。在适当的情况下,采用了三种随机效应模型来评估镁与认知结果之间的关系:1)线性元回归;2)非线性(二次)元回归;3)使用根据已有建议分类的镁变量进行元分析。本系统综述纳入了 3 项研究性试验和 12 项队列研究。有限的研究性试验所提供的证据不足以就镁补充剂的效果得出结论。队列研究显示,膳食镁与认知障碍之间的剂量-反应关系不一致,不同人群之间的异质性很高。然而,在队列研究中发现,血清镁与全因痴呆症和认知障碍之间存在一致的 U 型关系,表明最佳血清镁浓度约为 0.85 mmol/L。在元回归(Pquadratic = 0.003)和基于血清镁参考区间(0.75-0.95 mmol/L)的元分析中发现了这种非线性关联[0.95 与 0.85 mmol/L:汇总 HR = 1.30;95% CI = 1.03,1.64]。我们需要更多来自 RCT 和队列研究的证据。未来的队列研究应评估各种镁生物标志物,并在考虑不同来源(饮食或补充剂)和影响吸收的因素(如钙镁摄入比)的情况下,收集一段时间内镁摄入量的重复测量值。本系统综述已在 PROSPERO(CRD42023423663)上预先注册。
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引用次数: 0
Is There Evidence to Support Probiotic Use for Healthy People? 有证据支持健康人使用益生菌吗?
IF 8 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100265

Probiotics are typically marketed as foods and dietary supplements, categories for products intended to maintain health in generally healthy populations and which, unlike drugs, cannot claim to treat or cure disease. This review addresses the existing evidence that probiotics are beneficial to healthy people. Our approach was to perform a descriptive review of efficacy evidence that probiotics can prevent urinary, vaginal, gastrointestinal, and respiratory infections, and improve risk factors associated with cardiovascular health or reduce antibiotic use. Other endpoints such as mental, dental, or immune health were not specifically addressed. We concluded that there is sufficient evidence of efficacy and safety for clinicians and consumers to consider using specific probiotics for some indications – such as the use of probiotics to support gut function during antibiotic use or to reduce the risk of respiratory tract infections – for certain people. However, we did not find a sufficiently high level of evidence to support unconditional, population-wide recommendations for other preventive endpoints we reviewed for healthy people. Although evidence for some indications is suggestive of the preventive benefits of probiotics, additional research is needed.

益生菌通常作为食品和膳食补充剂在市场上销售,这两类产品的目的是维持一般健康人群的健康,与药物不同,它们不能声称能治疗或治愈疾病。本综述探讨了益生菌对健康人群有益的现有证据。我们的方法是对益生菌可以预防泌尿、阴道、胃肠道和呼吸道感染,改善心血管健康相关风险因素或减少抗生素使用的功效证据进行描述性综述。其他终点,如精神、牙齿或免疫健康,没有具体涉及。我们的结论是,有足够的有效性和安全性证据可供临床医生和消费者考虑在某些适应症中使用特定的益生菌,例如在某些人群使用抗生素期间使用益生菌支持肠道功能。但是,我们没有发现高水平的证据来支持我们针对健康人群审查的其他终点的建议。尽管某些适应症的证据表明益生菌具有预防性益处,但仍需进行更多研究。
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引用次数: 0
Analytic Methods for Understanding the Temporal Patterning of Dietary and 24-H Movement Behaviors: A Scoping Review 了解饮食和 24 小时运动行为时间模式的分析方法:范围综述。
IF 8 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100275
Rebecca M Leech , Stephanie E Chappel , Nicola D Ridgers , Heather A Eicher-Miller , Ralph Maddison , Sarah A McNaughton

Dietary and movement behaviors [physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SED), and sleep] occur throughout a 24-h day and involve multiple contexts. Understanding the temporal patterning of these 24-h behaviors and their contextual determinants is key to determining their combined effect on health. A scoping review was conducted to identify novel analytic methods for determining temporal behavior patterns and their contextual correlates. We searched Embase, ProQuest, and EBSCOhost databases in July 2022 to identify studies published between 1997 and 2022 on temporal patterns and their contextual correlates (e.g., locational, social, environmental, personal). We included 14 studies after title and abstract (n = 33,292) and full-text (n = 135) screening, of which 11 were published after 2018. Most studies (n = 4 in adults; n = 5 in children and adolescents), examined waking behavior patterns (i.e., both PA and SED) of which 3 also included sleep and 6 included contextual correlates. PA and diet were examined together in only 1 study of adults. Contextual correlates of dietary, PA, and sleep temporal behavior patterns were also examined. Machine learning with various clustering algorithms and model-based clustering techniques were most used to determine 24-h temporal behavior patterns. Although the included studies used a diverse range of methods, behavioral variables, and assessment periods, results showed that temporal patterns characterized by high SED and low PA were linked to poorer health outcomes, than those with low SED and high PA. This review identified temporal behavior patterns, and their contextual correlates, which were associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk, suggesting these methods hold promise for the discovery of holistic lifestyle exposures important to health. Standardized reporting of methods and patterns and multidisciplinary collaboration among nutrition, PA, and sleep researchers; statisticians; and computer scientists were identified as key pathways to advance future research on temporal behavior patterns in relation to health.

饮食和运动行为(体力活动 [PA]、久坐行为 [SED] 和睡眠)贯穿一天的 24 小时,涉及多种环境。了解这些 24 小时行为的时间模式及其环境决定因素是确定它们对健康的综合影响的关键。我们进行了一次范围综述,以确定用于确定时间行为模式及其环境相关因素的新型分析方法。我们检索了 Embase、ProQuest 和 EBSCOhost 数据库(2022 年 7 月),以确定 1997 年至 2022 年间发表的有关时间行为模式及其环境相关因素(如地点、社会、环境和个人)的研究。经过标题和摘要(n=33292)以及全文(n=135)筛选,我们纳入了14项研究,其中11项研究发表于2018年之后。大多数研究(4 项针对成人;5 项针对儿童和青少年)考察了清醒时的行为模式(即活动量和 SED),其中 3 项还包括睡眠,6 项包括环境相关因素。只有一项针对成人的研究同时研究了活动量和饮食。此外,还研究了饮食、PA 和睡眠时间行为模式的上下文相关性。使用各种聚类算法和基于模型的聚类技术的机器学习被广泛用于确定 24 小时的时间行为模式。虽然纳入的研究使用了各种方法、行为变量和评估时间段,但结果显示,与低 SED 和高 PA 的时间行为模式相比,高 SED 和低 PA 的时间行为模式与较差的健康结果有关。本综述确定了与脂肪和心血管代谢疾病风险相关的时间行为模式及其背景相关因素,这表明这些方法有望发现对健康有重要影响的整体生活方式。对方法和模式的标准化报告以及营养、体育锻炼和睡眠研究人员、统计学家和计算机科学家之间的多学科合作被认为是未来推进与健康有关的时间行为模式研究的关键途径。
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Advances in Nutrition
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