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Diet Overall and Hypocaloric Diets Are Associated With Improvements in Depression but Not Anxiety in People With Metabolic Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 整体饮食和低热量饮食与代谢性疾病患者抑郁状况的改善有关,但与焦虑状况无关:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 9.3 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100169
Tonya Paris , Robin M Daly , Gavin Abbott , Surbhi Sood , Christine L Freer , Marno C Ryan , Elena S George

The risk of depression and anxiety is higher in people with metabolic conditions, but whether dietary approaches, which are central to the management of metabolic conditions, can also improve depression and anxiety is uncertain. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of dietary interventions on depression and anxiety in adults with metabolic conditions. The secondary aim was to evaluate the effects of hypocaloric and isocaloric dietary interventions on these outcomes. Four databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL) were searched from inception to March 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including dietary interventions in adults with metabolic conditions (type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and/or overweight/obesity) that assessed depression and/or anxiety as outcomes were included. Overall, 13 RCTs were included in the systematic review, ≤13 of which were included in the meta-analysis. Estimates were pooled using random-effect meta-analysis for dietary interventions compared with controls. Improvements in depression scores were found in meta-analytic models including all dietary interventions [pooled estimate for the standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.20 (95% CI: −0.35, −0.05); P = 0.007] and hypocaloric only diets [SMD = −0.27 (95% CI: −0.44, −0.10); P = 0.002]. There were no improvements in depression scores with isocaloric dietary interventions only [SMD = −0.14 (95% CI: −0.38, 0.10); P = 0.27]. In addition, there were no significant effects of any dietary interventions on anxiety scores. In adults with metabolic conditions, all dietary interventions and hypocaloric diets improved depression, but not anxiety. These findings suggest that dietary interventions including hypocaloric diets can play an important role in the management of depression in people with metabolic conditions.

This systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021252307).

患有代谢性疾病的人患抑郁症和焦虑症的风险较高,但作为代谢性疾病治疗核心的饮食方法是否也能改善抑郁症和焦虑症还不确定。本系统综述和荟萃分析的主要目的是评估饮食干预对患有代谢性疾病的成年人抑郁和焦虑的影响。次要目的是评估低热量和等热量饮食干预对这些结果的影响。研究人员检索了从开始到 2023 年 3 月的四个数据库(MEDLINE、PsychINFO、EMBASE 和 CINAHL)。纳入的随机对照试验(RCT)包括对患有代谢性疾病(2 型糖尿病 (T2DM)、高脂血症、高血压和/或超重/肥胖)的成人进行饮食干预,并将抑郁和/或焦虑作为评估结果。共有 13 项研究性试验被纳入系统综述,其中多达 13 项被纳入荟萃分析。采用随机效应荟萃分析法对饮食干预与对照组的比较进行了汇总。在荟萃分析模型中发现,包括所有膳食干预在内的抑郁评分均有改善[标准化均值差异(SMD)的集合估计值=-0.20(95% 置信区间(CI),-0.35 至-0.05),概率(p)=0.007],而仅低热量膳食[SMD=-0.27(95%CI,-0.44 至-0.10),p=0.002]。仅采用等热量饮食干预对抑郁评分没有改善[SMD=-0.14 (95%CI -0.38 to 0.10),p=0.27]。此外,任何饮食干预对焦虑评分均无明显影响。在患有代谢性疾病的成年人中,所有饮食干预和低热量饮食都能改善抑郁,但不能改善焦虑。这些研究结果表明,包括低热量饮食在内的饮食干预措施可在代谢性疾病患者的抑郁治疗中发挥重要作用。临床试验注册:本系统综述和荟萃分析已在 PROSPERO 注册(CRD42021252307)。
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引用次数: 0
Iodine 碘。
IF 9.3 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100168
Louise Brough , Sheila Skeaff
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引用次数: 0
Perspective: Barbie: Food for the Soul or Fanciful Nostalgia? 透视:芭比娃娃:精神食粮还是绮丽怀旧?
IF 9.3 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100182
Ellen S Rome

This perspectives piece analyzes the “Barbie” movie and its impact on its viewership. In contrast to prior research demonstrating that images of Barbie objectified girls, lowered self-esteem, and promoted body dysmorphia, with social media focus on “Fitspiration” as well as “Thinspiration” amplifying the negative effect, the Barbie movie may have more positive impact than one might predict. As gleaned from an informal survey of patients, parents, and peers, the messages of the Barbie movie include a mix of body positivity, recognition of the impact of depression and other aspects of mental health, critique of the perceived societal patriarchy, and a message of empowerment for girls, females, and people otherwise unrecognized.

本视角文章分析了芭比娃娃电影及其对观众的影响。先前的研究表明,芭比娃娃的形象物化了女孩,降低了自尊,助长了身体畸形,而社交媒体对 "Fistpiration "和 "Thinsppiration "的关注放大了负面影响。通过对患者、家长和同龄人的非正式调查发现,《芭比娃娃》电影传递的信息包括身体积极性、对抑郁症和其他心理健康影响的认识、对社会父权制的批判,以及对女孩、妇女和其他不被认可的人群的赋权信息。意义说明:芭比娃娃因其不可能的身材而受到社交媒体和正式研究的批评,尽管她选择了无数的职业,但却助长了身体 dysphoria。然而,《芭比娃娃》电影可能会超越人们预期的刻板反应,让阴暗的情绪得以表达,让希望触手可及,并赋予女孩、妇女和其他以前未被认可的人权力。
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引用次数: 0
Preventing and Controlling Zinc Deficiency Across the Life Course: A Call to Action 预防和控制整个生命过程中的锌缺乏症:行动呼吁。
IF 9.3 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100181
Nicola M Lowe , Andrew G Hall , Martin R Broadley , Jennifer Foley , Erick Boy , Zulfiqar A Bhutta

Through diverse roles, zinc determines a greater number of critical life functions than any other single micronutrient. Beyond the well-recognized importance of zinc for child growth and resistance to infections, zinc has numerous specific roles covering the regulation of glucose metabolism, and growing evidence links zinc deficiency with increased risk of diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders. Zinc nutriture is, thus, vitally important to health across the life course. Zinc deficiency is also one of the most common forms of micronutrient malnutrition globally. A clearer estimate of the burden of health disparity attributable to zinc deficiency in adulthood and later life emerges when accounting for its contribution to global elevated fasting blood glucose and related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Yet progress attenuating its prevalence has been limited due, in part, to the lack of sensitive and specific methods to assess human zinc status. This narrative review covers recent developments in our understanding of zinc’s role in health, the impact of the changing climate and global context on zinc intake, novel functional biomarkers showing promise for monitoring population-level interventions, and solutions for improving population zinc intake. It aims to spur on implementation of evidence-based interventions for preventing and controlling zinc deficiency across the life course. Increasing zinc intake and combating global zinc deficiency requires context-specific strategies and a combination of complementary, evidence-based interventions, including supplementation, food fortification, and food and agricultural solutions such as biofortification, alongside efforts to improve zinc bioavailability. Enhancing dietary zinc content and bioavailability through zinc biofortification is an inclusive nutrition solution that can benefit the most vulnerable individuals and populations affected by inadequate diets to the greatest extent.

锌的作用多种多样,与其他任何一种微量营养素相比,锌决定着更多的关键生命功能。锌对儿童生长和抗感染的重要性已得到公认,除此之外,锌还在调节葡萄糖代谢方面发挥着许多特殊作用,越来越多的证据表明,缺锌会增加糖尿病和心脏代谢疾病的风险。因此,锌营养对人的一生健康至关重要。缺锌也是全球最常见的微量营养素营养不良形式之一。如果考虑到缺锌对全球空腹血糖升高和相关非传染性疾病(NCDs)的影响,就能更清楚地估计成年和晚年生活中因缺锌造成的健康差异负担。然而,部分由于缺乏评估人体锌状况的敏感和特异性方法,在降低锌缺乏症发病率方面取得的进展有限。这篇叙述性综述涵盖了我们对锌在健康中的作用的最新认识进展;不断变化的气候和全球环境对锌摄入量的影响;新型功能性生物标志物显示出监测人群干预措施的前景;以及改善人群锌摄入量的解决方案。它旨在推动实施循证干预措施,预防和控制整个生命过程中的锌缺乏症。提高锌的摄入量和防治全球锌缺乏症需要根据具体情况采取相应的策略,并将补充剂、食品营养强化、生物强化等食品和农业解决方案等以证据为基础的补充性干预措施结合起来,同时努力提高锌的生物利用率。通过锌生物强化提高膳食锌含量和生物利用率是一种包容性的营养解决方案,可以最大程度地惠及受膳食不足影响的最弱势个人和人群。
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引用次数: 0
Early Infant Feeding Practices among Women Engaged in Paid Work in Africa: A Systematic Scoping Review 非洲从事有偿工作的妇女早期喂养婴儿的做法:系统性范围界定综述。
IF 9.3 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100179
Melina Mgongo , Scott B Ickes , Beatrice J Leyaro , Innocent B Mboya , Samantha Grounds , Emily R Seiger , Tamara H Hashim , Jamie L Conklin , Elizabeth W Kimani-Murage , Stephanie L Martin

Around the world, paid work without appropriate structural support is a key barrier to optimal breastfeeding practices. To better protect, promote, and support optimal breastfeeding practices among working women in Africa, this scoping review sought to understand how paid work influences infant feeding practices in the first 6 mo of life and what support women need to manage work and optimal infant feeding practices. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Global Health, and CINAHL Plus, screened 2436 abstracts, and reviewed 322 full-text articles using Covidence for review and charting. We identified 203 articles that met the inclusion criteria. We identified 32 quantitative, 10 qualitative, 3 mixed-methods, and 2 review articles that focused on examining the relationship between work and breastfeeding, and 109 quantitative, 22 qualitative, 21 mixed-methods, and 4 review articles that included work as part of broader breastfeeding research but did not focus on work. Most studies reported a significant negative association between work and exclusive breastfeeding. Three major domains were reported in the qualitative studies: challenges to managing work and infant feeding, receiving support from employers and family members/caregivers, and strategies for feeding infants when the mother is working. Reviewed studies proposed recommendations to increase support for breastfeeding through changes to policies and support within worksites, the health system, and childcare; however, evidence of previously implemented policies or programs is limited. We recommend more consistent definitions and measurement of women’s work. Future research is needed on the impact of implementing various strategies and benefits for breastfeeding at workplaces, as well as efforts to support breastfeeding among informal workers.

在世界各地,没有适当结构性支持的有偿工作是最佳母乳喂养方式的主要障碍。为了更好地保护、促进和支持非洲职业女性的最佳母乳喂养实践,本范围界定综述试图了解有偿工作如何影响婴儿出生后头六个月的喂养实践,以及女性在管理好工作和最佳婴儿喂养实践方面需要哪些支持。我们系统地检索了 PubMed、Scopus、Global Health 和 CINAHL Plus,筛选了 2,436 篇摘要,并使用 Covidence 对 322 篇全文进行了审阅和制图。我们确定了 203 篇符合纳入标准的文章。我们确定了 32 篇定量研究文章、10 篇定性研究文章、3 篇混合方法研究文章和 2 篇综述文章,这些文章重点研究了工作与母乳喂养之间的关系;我们还确定了 109 篇定量研究文章、22 篇定性研究文章、21 篇混合方法研究文章和 4 篇综述文章,这些文章将工作作为更广泛的母乳喂养研究的一部分,但并未重点研究工作。大多数研究报告称,工作与纯母乳喂养之间存在明显的负相关。定性研究报告了三个主要领域:处理工作与婴儿喂养之间的关系所面临的挑战、从雇主和家庭成员/照顾者那里获得支持以及母亲工作时喂养婴儿的策略。回顾性研究提出了通过改变工作场所、医疗系统和托儿所的政策和支持来增加对母乳喂养支持的建议;然而,以前实施的政策或计划的证据有限。我们建议对妇女的工作进行更加一致的定义和衡量。未来还需要研究在工作场所实施各种母乳喂养策略和福利的影响,以及支持非正规工作者母乳喂养的努力。
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引用次数: 0
Perspective: Mexico’s Experience in Building a Toolkit for Obesity and Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention 透视:墨西哥在建立肥胖和非传染性疾病预防工具包方面的经验。
IF 9.3 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100180
Juan A Rivera , Mónica Arantxa Colchero , Carolina Pérez-Ferrer , Simón Barquera

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with a higher risk of death in low- and middle-income countries. Diet and excess weight are risk factors for NCDs. In Mexico, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased dramatically in the last 30 y and is among the highest in the world. To address this public health problem, governments and public health professionals have several policy instruments available. In this study, we present the policy instruments currently approved in Mexico, which include fiscal, informational, and authoritative tools that aim to improve the food environment and promote healthy behaviors (taxes, school food guidelines, front-of-pack labeling, marketing regulations, and dietary guidelines). These types of interventions are important in regions like Latin America, where social inequities and poor access to information are common, and individual healthy choices are often limited. These interventions target the environments in which individuals live, study, work, and seek entertainment, while limiting access to unhealthy choices and offering information to promote healthy alternatives. The Mexican experience in design, implementation, and evaluation of policies to improve the food environment can be useful for other low- and middle-income countries facing similar challenges.

非传染性疾病(NCD)是全球死亡和残疾的主要原因,中低收入国家的死亡风险更高。饮食和体重超标是非传染性疾病的风险因素。在墨西哥,超重和肥胖的发生率在过去 30 年中急剧上升,是世界上最高的国家之一。为了解决这一公共卫生问题,政府和公共卫生专业人员有多种政策工具可供选择。在本研究中,我们介绍了墨西哥目前批准的政策工具,其中包括旨在改善食品环境和促进健康行为的财政、信息和权威工具(税收、学校食品指南、包装前标签、营销法规和膳食指南)。这些类型的干预措施在拉丁美洲等地区非常重要,因为这些地区普遍存在社会不平等和信息获取渠道不畅的问题,个人的健康选择往往受到限制。这些干预措施针对的是个人生活、学习、工作和娱乐的环境,同时限制获得不健康选择的机会,并提供信息以推广健康的替代品。墨西哥在设计、实施和评估改善食品环境政策方面的经验对面临类似挑战的其他中低收入国家很有帮助。意义说明:有许多具有成本效益的政策工具有助于改善食品环境和预防非传染性疾病。在不平等现象严重、食品系统被鼓励生产不健康食品的国家,需要综合运用各种政策工具,有效改变食品环境,促进人们选择更健康的食品,预防和控制肥胖症和非传染性疾病的增长趋势。此外,还需要采取更加复杂的全球性举措来实现粮食系统的转型。
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引用次数: 0
Conceptualization and Assessment of 24-H Timing of Eating and Energy Intake: A Methodological Systematic Review of the Chronic Disease Literature 24 小时进食和能量摄入时间的概念化和评估:慢性病文献的方法学系统回顾。
IF 9.3 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100178
Sydney G O'Connor , Lauren E O’Connor , Kelly A Higgins , Brooke M Bell , Emily S Krueger , Rita Rawal , Reiley Hartmuller , Jill Reedy , Marissa M Shams-White

Timing of eating (TOE) and energy intake (TOEI) has important implications for chronic disease risk beyond diet quality. The 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee recommended developing consistent terminology to address the lack of TOE/TOEI standardization. The primary objective of this methodological systematic review was to characterize the conceptualization and assessment of TOE/TOEI within the chronic disease literature (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews registration number: CRD42021236621). Literature searches in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Plus, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus were limited to English language publications from 2000 to August 2022. Eligible studies reported the association between TOE/TOEI and obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, or a related clinical risk factor among adults (≥19 y) in observational and intervention studies. A qualitative synthesis described and compared TOE/TOEI conceptualization, definitions, and assessment methods across studies. Of the 7579 unique publications identified, 259 studies (observational [51.4 %], intervention [47.5 %], or both [1.2 %]) were eligible for inclusion. Key findings indicated that most studies (49.6 %) were conducted in the context of obesity and body weight. TOE/TOEI variables or assigned conditions conceptualized interrelated aspects of time and eating or energy intake in varying ways. Common TOE/TOEI conceptualizations included the following: 1) timepoint (specific time to represent when intake occurs, such as time of breakfast [74.8 %]); 2) duration (length of time or interval when intake does/does not occur, such as “eating window” [56.5 %]); 3) distribution (proportion of daily intake at a given time interval, such as “percentage of energy before noon” [29.8 %]); and 4) cluster (grouping individuals based on temporal ingestive characteristics [5.0 %]). Assessment, definition, and operationalization of 24-h TOE/TOEI variables varied widely across studies. Observational studies most often used surveys or questionnaires (28.9 %), whereas interventions used virtual or in-person meetings (23.8 %) to assess TOE/TOEI adherence. Overall, the diversity of terminology and methods solidifies the need for standardization to guide future research in chrononutrition and to facilitate inter-study comparisons.

进食时间(TOE)和能量摄入(TOEI)除了对膳食质量有影响外,还对慢性疾病风险有重要影响。2020 年膳食指南咨询委员会 (DGAC) 建议制定统一的术语,以解决 TOE/TOEI 标准化不足的问题。本方法学系统综述的主要目的是描述慢性病文献(PROSPERO 注册号:CRD42021236621)中 TOE/TOEI 的概念化和评估特征。在 CINAHL Plus、Embase、PubMed 和 Scopus 中进行的文献检索仅限于 2000 年至 2022 年 8 月期间的英文出版物。符合条件的研究报告了观察性和干预性研究中 TOE/TOEI 与肥胖、心血管疾病 (CVD)、糖尿病 (T2DM)、癌症或成人(≥19 岁)中相关临床风险因素之间的关系。一项定性综述描述并比较了不同研究中 TOE/TOEI 的概念、定义和评估方法。在已确定的 7579 篇出版物中,有 259 项研究(观察性研究 [51.4%]、干预性研究 [47.5%] 或两者皆有 [1.2%])符合纳入条件。主要结果表明,大多数研究(49.6%)都是针对肥胖和体重进行的。TOE/TOEI变量或指定条件以不同的方式将时间与进食或能量摄入(EI)相互关联的方面概念化;常见的TOE/TOEI概念化包括1) 时间点(摄入发生的具体时间,如早餐时间[74.8%]);2) 持续时间(摄入发生/不发生的时间长度或时间间隔,如 "进食窗口"[56.5%]);3) 分布(特定时间间隔内每日摄入量的比例,如 "正午前能量摄入百分比"[29.8%]);以及 4) 聚类(根据时间摄入特征对个体进行分组[5.0%])。不同研究对二十四小时(24hr)TOE/TOEI 变量的评估、定义和操作差异很大。观察性研究最常使用调查或问卷(28.9%),而干预性研究则使用虚拟或面对面会议(23.8%)来评估 TOE/TOEI 的依从性。总之,术语和方法的多样性证明了标准化的必要性,以指导慢性营养学的未来研究,并促进研究间的比较。
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引用次数: 0
The Association between Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Urologic Cancers: True Association or Bias? 膳食炎症潜能与泌尿系统癌症之间的关联:真正的关联还是偏见?
IF 9.3 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.005
Yiwen Zhang, Edward Giovannucci
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Bifidobacterium Probiotic Supplementation on Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Models and Clinical Evidence 补充双歧杆菌益生菌对血糖的影响:临床前动物模型和临床证据的系统综述和荟萃分析。
IF 9.3 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.009
Emily P. Van Syoc , Janhavi Damani , Zachary DiMattia , Erika Ganda , Connie J. Rogers

Probiotic supplementation is a potential therapeutic for metabolic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but most studies deliver multiple species of bacteria in addition to prebiotics or oral pharmaceuticals. This may contribute to conflicting evidence in existing meta-analyses of probiotics in these populations and warrants a systematic review of the literature to assess the contribution of a single probiotic genus to better understand the contribution of individual probiotics to modulate blood glucose. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies and human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of Bifidobacterium (BF) probiotic supplementation on markers of glycemia. In a meta-analysis of 6 RCTs, BF supplementation had no effect on fasting blood glucose {FBG; mean difference [MD] = −1.99 mg/dL [95% confidence interval (CI): −4.84, 0.86], P = 0.13}, and there were no subgroup differences between subjects with elevated FBG concentrations and normoglycemia. However, BF supplementation reduced FBG concentrations in a meta-analysis comprised of studies utilizing animal models of obesity, MetS, or T2D [n = 16; MD = −36.11 mg/dL (CI: −49.04, −23.18), P < 0.0001]. Translational gaps from animal to human trials include paucity of research in female animals, BF supplementation in subjects that were normoglycemic, and lack of methodologic reporting regarding probiotic viability and stability. More research is necessary to assess the effects of BF supplementation in human subjects with elevated FBG concentrations. Overall, there was consistent evidence of the efficacy of BF probiotics to reduce elevated FBG concentrations in animal models but not clinical trials, suggesting that BF alone may have minimal effects on glycemic control, may be more effective when combined with multiple probiotic species, or may be more effective in conditions of hyperglycemia rather than elevated FBG concentrations.

益生菌补充剂是治疗代谢性疾病的潜在药物,包括肥胖、代谢综合征(MetS)和2型糖尿病(T2D),但大多数研究除了提供益生元或口服药物外,还提供多种细菌。这可能会导致这些人群中现有益生菌荟萃分析中存在相互矛盾的证据,并保证对文献进行系统审查,以评估单个益生菌属的贡献,从而更好地了解单个益生菌对调节血糖的贡献。我们对动物研究和人类随机对照试验(RCT)进行了系统综述和荟萃分析,以评估补充双歧杆菌(BF)益生菌对血糖标志物的影响。在一项对六项随机对照试验的荟萃分析中,补充BF对空腹血糖没有影响(FBG;平均差(MD)=-1.99 mg/dL[95%置信区间(CI):-4.84,0.86],P=0.13),并且FBG升高和血糖正常的受试者之间没有亚组差异。然而,在一项荟萃分析中,BF补充剂降低了FBG,该荟萃分析包括利用肥胖、代谢综合征或T2D动物模型的研究(n=16;MD=36.11mg/dL[CI:-49.04,-23.18],P<0.0001)。从动物到人类试验的转化差距包括缺乏对雌性动物的研究,在血糖正常的受试者中补充BF,以及缺乏关于益生菌活力和稳定性的方法学报告。需要更多的研究来评估补充BF对FBG升高的人类受试者的影响。总的来说,在动物模型中,有一致的证据表明BF益生菌可以降低FBG升高,但在临床试验中没有,这表明单独的BF可能对血糖控制的影响最小,与多种益生菌组合可能更有效,或者在高血糖情况下可能比FBG升高更有效。意义陈述:这是首次对益生菌属双歧杆菌对血糖影响的系统综述和荟萃分析,不包括多属益生菌混合物或益生元的额外使用或抗糖尿病治疗。该综述还讨论了动物研究的结果,以进一步了解在肥胖、代谢综合征和2型糖尿病的情况下,补充双歧杆菌如何影响血糖。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Diet in the Prevention of Hypertension and Management of Blood Pressure: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Interventional and Observational Studies 饮食在预防高血压和管理血压中的作用:介入和观察性研究的荟萃分析综述。
IF 9.3 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.011
Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban , Rachel Gibson , Doris SM. Chan , Linda Van Horn , Queenie Chan

High blood pressure (BP) is a major pathological risk factor for the development of several cardiovascular diseases. Diet is a key modifier of BP, but the underlying relationships are not clearly demonstrated. This is an umbrella review of published meta-analyses to critically evaluate the wide range of dietary evidence from bioactive compounds to dietary patterns on BP and risk of hypertension. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until October 31, 2021, for relevant meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses of observational studies. A total of 175 publications reporting 341 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (145 publications) and 70 meta-analyses of observational studies (30 publications) were included in the review. The methodological quality of the included publications was assessed using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 and the evidence quality of each selected meta-analysis was assessed using NutriGrade. This umbrella review supports recommended public health guidelines for prevention and control of hypertension. Dietary patterns including the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension and the Mediterranean-type diets that further restrict sodium, and moderate alcohol intake are advised. To produce high-quality evidence and substantiate strong recommendations, future research should address areas where the low quality of evidence was observed (for example, intake of dietary fiber, fish, egg, meat, dairy products, fruit juice, and nuts) and emphasize focus on dietary factors not yet conclusively investigated.

高血压(BP)是多种心血管疾病发展的主要病理危险因素。饮食是血压的一个关键调节因素,但其潜在关系尚未得到明确证明。这是对已发表的荟萃分析的全面综述,旨在批判性地评估从生物活性化合物到饮食模式对血压和高血压风险的广泛饮食证据。从开始到2021年10月31日,PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane对照试验中央注册中心都在搜索随机对照试验的相关荟萃分析或观察性研究的荟萃分析。共有175篇出版物报告了341篇随机对照试验的荟萃分析(145篇出版物)和70篇观察性研究的荟萃分析。纳入出版物的方法学质量使用多系统评价2(AMSTAR 2)进行评估,每个选定荟萃分析的证据质量使用NutriGrade进行评估。这项总括性审查支持推荐的预防和控制高血压的公共卫生指南。建议采用饮食模式,包括停止高血压的饮食方法(DASH)和进一步限制钠和适度饮酒的地中海式饮食。为了提供高质量的证据并证实强有力的建议,未来的研究应解决证据质量低的领域(如膳食纤维、鱼类、鸡蛋、肉类、乳制品、果汁和坚果的摄入),并强调关注尚未最终调查的饮食因素。
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Advances in Nutrition
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