Advances in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Beyond Traditional Body Composition Metrics: Load-Capacity Indices Emerge as Predictors of Cardiometabolic Outcomes—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Zhongyang Guan ,&nbsp;Marianna Minnetti ,&nbsp;Steven B Heymsfield ,&nbsp;Eleonora Poggiogalle ,&nbsp;Carla M Prado ,&nbsp;Marc Sim ,&nbsp;Blossom CM Stephan ,&nbsp;Jonathan CK Wells ,&nbsp;Lorenzo M Donini ,&nbsp;Mario Siervo","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adaptive and independent interrelationships between different body composition components have been identified as crucial determinants of disease risk. On the basis of this concept, the load-capacity model of body composition, which utilizes measurements obtained through nonanthropometric techniques such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, was proposed. This model is typically operationalized as the ratio of metabolic load (adipose mass) to metabolic capacity (lean mass). In recent years, a series of load-capacity indices (LCIs) have been utilized to identify abnormal body composition phenotypes such as sarcopenic obesity (SO) and to predict the risk of metabolic, cardiovascular, and cognitive disorders. In this review, we comprehensively review the characteristics of different LCIs used in previous studies, with a specific focus on their applications, especially in identifying SO and predicting cardiometabolic outcomes. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Two meta-analyses were conducted to <em>1</em>) estimate the overall prevalence of SO mapped by LCIs, and <em>2</em>) assess the association of LCIs with cardiometabolic outcomes. A total of 48 studies (all observational) were included, comprising 22 different LCIs. Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis of SO prevalence, yielding a pooled prevalence of 14.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.4%, 21.6%]. Seventeen studies were included in the meta-analysis of the association between LCIs and adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, which showed a significant association between higher LCI values and increased risk (odds ratio = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.81, 2.72) of cardiometabolic diseases (e.g. diabetes and metabolic syndrome). These findings suggest that the load-capacity model of body composition could be particularly useful in the identification of SO cases and prediction of cardiometabolic risk. Future longitudinal studies are needed to validate the association of LCIs with chronic cardiometabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.</div><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024457750).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100364"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Optimal Dosage and Duration of ω-3 PUFA Supplementation in Heart Failure Management: Evidence from a Network Meta-Analysis","authors":"Ping-Tao Tseng ,&nbsp;Bing-Yan Zeng ,&nbsp;Chih-Wei Hsu ,&nbsp;Chih-Sung Liang ,&nbsp;Brendon Stubbs ,&nbsp;Yen-Wen Chen ,&nbsp;Tien-Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Wei-Te Lei ,&nbsp;Jiann-Jy Chen ,&nbsp;Yow-Ling Shiue ,&nbsp;Kuan-Pin Su","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heart failure is a progressive condition associated with a high mortality rate. Despite advancements in treatment, many patients continue to experience less-than-ideal outcomes. ω-3 (n–3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been studied as a potential supplementary therapy for heart failure, but the optimal dosage and duration of supplementation remain unclear. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to assess the efficacy of various n–3 PUFA supplementation regimens in patients with heart failure, focusing on dose-dependent and time-dependent effects. We conducted a systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on n–3 PUFA supplementation in heart failure till 13 September, 2024. The primary outcome was the change in heart function, specifically left ventricular ejection fraction. Secondary outcomes included changes in peak oxygen consumption (VO₂), blood B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations, and quality of life. The safety analysis focused on dropout rates (i.e., patients leaving the study for any reason before completion) and all-cause mortality. A frequentist-based NMA was performed. This NMA, which included 14 RCTs with 9075 participants (mean age, 66.0 y; 23.3% female), found that high-dose n–3 PUFA supplementation (2000–4000 mg/d) over a duration of ≥1 y significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction and peak VO₂ compared with those of control groups. Lower doses and shorter treatment periods did not produce the same benefits. No significant differences were found in dropout rates or all-cause mortality between the n–3 PUFAs and control groups. Long-term, high-dose n–3 PUFA supplementation, particularly with a predominance of docosahexaenoic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid, enhances cardiac function in patients with heart failure without increasing risk of adverse events. Further well-designed RCTs with long treatment durations (i.e., &gt;1 y) and stringent heart failure inclusion criteria are necessary to confirm these findings and reduce potential biases.</div><div>This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42024590476.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100366"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiota: An Important Participant in Childhood Obesity","authors":"Yu Luo ,&nbsp;Maojun Li ,&nbsp;Dan Luo ,&nbsp;Binzhi Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing prevalence of childhood obesity has emerged as a critical global public health concern. Recent studies have challenged the previous belief that obesity was solely a result of excessive caloric intake. Alterations in early-life gut microbiota can contribute to childhood obesity through their influence on nutrient absorption and metabolism, initiation of inflammatory responses, and regulation of gut–brain communication. The gut microbiota is increasingly acknowledged to play a crucial role in human health, as certain beneficial bacteria have been scientifically proven to possess the capacity to reduce body fat content and enhance intestinal barrier function and their metabolic products to exhibit anti-inflammatory effect. Examples of such microbes include bifidobacteria, <em>Akkermansia muciniphila</em>, and <em>Lactobacillus reuteri</em>. In contrast, an increase in Enterobacteriaceae and propionate-producing bacteria (Prevotellaceae and Veillonellaceae) has been implicated in the induction of low-grade systemic inflammation and disturbances in lipid metabolism, which can predispose individuals to obesity. Studies have demonstrated that modulating the gut microbiota through diet, lifestyle changes, prebiotics, probiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation may contribute to gut homeostasis and the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities. This review aimed to elucidate the impact of alterations in gut microbiota composition during early life on childhood obesity and explores the mechanisms by which gut microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity and specifically focused on recent advances in using short-chain fatty acids for regulating gut microbiota and ameliorating obesity. Additionally, it aimed to discuss the therapeutic strategies for childhood obesity from the perspective of gut microbiota, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for interventions targeting pediatric obesity based on gut microbiota.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100362"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review: The Impact of COVID-19 Policy Flexibilities on SNAP and WIC Programmatic Outcomes","authors":"Mayra Crespo-Bellido ,&nbsp;Gabby Headrick ,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel López ,&nbsp;Jennifer Holcomb ,&nbsp;Ariana Khan ,&nbsp;Shanti Sapkota ,&nbsp;Kelseanna Hollis-Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency (PHE), the federal government deployed policy flexibilities in food and nutrition assistance programs including the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) to meet the needs those experiencing economic hardship. Emergent literature evaluates the impact of these flexibilities on program outcomes. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of policy flexibilities deployed during the COVID-19 PHE on access, enrollment/retention, benefit utilization, and perceptions of SNAP and WIC. Keyword searches were performed in November 2023, February 2024, and August 2024. The search included peer-reviewed literature from 2020 to 2024, following Johanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, resulting in 37 eligible articles. Twelve studies evaluated policy flexibilities in SNAP only, 21 in WIC only, and 4 in both programs. Across these, 12 studies explored program access, 7 enrollment/retention, 13 benefit utilization, and 15 program perceptions. JBI critical appraisal tools were used to assess risk of bias. The reviewed articles show that although SNAP and WIC participants identified challenges to access, there were increases in enrollment/retention due to policy flexibilities enabling remote services and reducing administrative burden in both programs. Benefit increases led to greater purchase of preferred foods in SNAP and greater access to fruit and vegetables in WIC. Overall, participants were satisfied with the flexibilities and reported most were beneficial for their households. Some implementation challenges were identified by participants and staff. A few studies showed potential risks of bias, including selection bias and confounding bias. COVID-19-related policy flexibilities in SNAP and WIC demonstrated significant improvements in selected program outcomes; however, challenges communicating policy flexibilities to authorized vendors and participants created difficulties to benefiting from the flexibilities. Findings from the evaluations of these flexibilities can inform future program enhancements and long-term regulatory changes. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023493302).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100361"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Vulnerability and Child Food Insecurity in Developed Countries: A Systematic Review","authors":"Liyuwork Mitiku Dana ,&nbsp;César Ramos-García ,&nbsp;Deborah A Kerr ,&nbsp;Jane M Fry ,&nbsp;Jeromey Temple ,&nbsp;Christina M Pollard","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food insecurity (FI) is a serious public health concern in economically developed countries, mainly due to unequal resource distribution. Identifying social vulnerability factors [i.e., characteristics of a person or group regarding their capacity to anticipate, cope with, resist, and recover from the effects of child FI (CFI)] and their positive or negative relationship with CFI is important to support targeted action with a scale and intensity that is proportionate to the level of disadvantage. This review aimed to systematically and comprehensively identify key social vulnerability contributors to CFI in economically developed countries and discuss the factors in the context of the socio-ecological model. Five research databases were searched for observational studies published in 2000 assessing social vulnerability factors related to FI in children residing in developed countries. Data screening and extraction were independently conducted by 2 reviewers who recorded factors related to CFI. The QualSyst tool was used to assess risk of bias. From the studies identified (<em>N</em> = 5689), 49 articles, predominantly from the United States and Canada, met the inclusion criteria. The identified social vulnerability factors associated with CFI were grouped into 5 based on the socio-ecological model: <em>1</em>) individual child, <em>2</em>) parental, <em>3</em>) household, <em>4</em>) community, and <em>5</em>) societal factors. The most frequently reported contributors to CFI were income (household factor). Other social vulnerability factors were identified, including the child’s age, parental depression, household crowdedness, social connection, poverty, and residential instability. The lack of consistent measures to define both social vulnerability and CFI in diverse population subgroups impeded meaningful pooling and interpretation of factors interacting with CFI. Recommendations for future studies are to use comparable measures to estimate the extent and severity of CFI and to investigate the relation between social vulnerability, severity, and trajectories of CFI in developed countries.</div><div>This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022291638.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100365"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promotion of Healthy Aging Through the Nexus of Gut Microbiota and Dietary Phytochemicals","authors":"Laura M Beaver ,&nbsp;Paige E Jamieson ,&nbsp;Carmen P Wong ,&nbsp;Mahak Hosseinikia ,&nbsp;Jan F Stevens ,&nbsp;Emily Ho","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging is associated with the decline of tissue and cellular functions, which can promote the development of age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and disorders of the musculoskeletal and immune systems. Healthspan is the length of time an individual is in good health and free from chronic diseases and disabilities associated with aging. Two modifiable factors that can influence healthspan, promote healthy aging, and prevent the development of age-related diseases, are diet and microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract (gut microbiota). This review will discuss how dietary phytochemicals and gut microbiota can work in concert to promote a healthy gut and healthy aging. First, an overview is provided of how the gut microbiota influences healthy aging through its impact on gut barrier integrity, immune function, mitochondria function, and oxidative stress. Next, the mechanisms by which phytochemicals effect gut health, inflammation, and nurture a diverse and healthy microbial composition are discussed. Lastly, we discuss how the gut microbiota can directly influence health by producing bioactive metabolites from phytochemicals in food like urolithin A, equol, hesperetin, and sulforaphane. These and other phytochemical-derived microbial metabolites that may promote healthspan are discussed. Importantly, an individual’s capacity to produce health-promoting microbial metabolites from cruciferous vegetables, berries, nuts, citrus, and soy products will be dependent on the specific bacteria present in the individual’s gut.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 100376"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Optimization of the Surgical Patient: A Narrative Review","authors":"Olivia Heutlinger ,&nbsp;Nischal Acharya ,&nbsp;Amanda Tedesco ,&nbsp;Ashish Ramesh ,&nbsp;Brian Smith ,&nbsp;Ninh T Nguyen ,&nbsp;Paul E Wischmeyer","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An increasing body of literature supports the clinical benefit of nutritional assessment and optimization in surgical patients; however, this data has yet to be consolidated in a practical fashion for use by surgeons. In this narrative review, we concisely aggregate emerging data to highlight the role of nutritional optimization as a promising, practical perioperative intervention to reduce complications and improve outcomes in surgical patients. This review of the surgical nutrition literature was conducted via large database review. There were no distinct inclusion/exclusion criteria for this review; however, we focused on adult populations using up-to-date literature from high-quality systematic reviews or randomized controlled trials when available. Current perioperative management focuses on the mitigation of intraoperative and immediate postoperative complications. Well-defined risk calculators attempt to stratify patient surgical risk preoperatively to reduce adverse events directly related to surgical procedures, such as hemorrhage, cardiopulmonary compromise, or infection. However, there is a lack of standardization of prognostic tools, nutritional protocols, and guidelines governing the assessment, composition, and administration of nutritional supplementation. Substantial data exist demonstrating the clinical benefit in the operative setting. In this work, we provide a fundamental primer for surgeons to understand the clinical importance of nutritional optimization along with practical prognostic tools and recommendations for use in their practice. While the extent to which nutritional optimization improves patient outcomes is debatable, the evidence clearly demonstrates a clinically meaningful benefit. Evaluating nutritional status differs based on disease severity and etiology of presentation, thus surgeons must select the appropriate prognostic tools to assess their patients during the perioperative period. This information will catalyze subsequent work with a multidisciplinary team to provide personalized dietary plans for patients and spark research to establish protocols for specific presentations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Management of Very Sick Patients: Paradigm Changes and Needs for Further Research","authors":"Steven A Abrams ,&nbsp;Jaclyn L Albin","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 100348"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seafood Toxicant Exposure During Pregnancy, Lactation, and Childhood and Child Outcomes: A Scoping Review","authors":"Rupal Trivedi ,&nbsp;Maureen K Spill ,&nbsp;Sanjoy Saha ,&nbsp;Rachel C Thoerig ,&nbsp;Julie S Davis ,&nbsp;Amanda J MacFarlane","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining dietary recommendations for seafood consumed during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood requires consideration of the known nutritional benefits and potential harm due to toxicant exposure as they relate to child outcomes. This study aimed to describe the scope of the evidence associated with seafood-related toxicant exposure and child outcomes and to identify toxicant–outcome pairs that may have sufficient evidence to conduct a systematic review. We included studies examining seafood toxicant exposure during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood, and child outcomes. In total, 81 studies were included: 69 studies on exposure during pregnancy and lactation and 14 on exposure during childhood. The number of studies varied by toxicant and exposure population (maternal; child): mercury (<em>n</em> = 49; 7), methylmercury (<em>n</em> = 13; 3), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs; <em>n</em> = 11; 1), selenium (<em>n</em> = 11; 1), lead (<em>n</em> = 9; 3), perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (<em>n</em> = 8; 2), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (<em>n</em> = 5; 1), arsenic (<em>n</em> = 4; 4), cadmium (<em>n</em> = 4; 4), zinc (<em>n</em> = 3; 2), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (<em>n</em> = 3; 1), dioxin-like compounds (<em>n</em> = 3; 0), iron (<em>n</em> = 2; 1), and magnesium (<em>n</em> = 1; 1). No studies examined polybrominated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, iodine, aldrin, dieldrin, chlordane, chlorpyrifos, or microplastic exposures. Outcomes also varied by exposure population (maternal;child): neurodevelopment (<em>n</em> = 35; 9), child exposure biomarkers (<em>n</em> = 22; 4), growth (<em>n</em> = 17; 1), other adverse events (<em>n</em> = 4; 0), cardiometabolic (<em>n</em> = 3; 2), chronic disease indicators (<em>n</em> = 2; 0), and immune-related (<em>n</em> = 1; 2). Twelve maternal toxicant–outcome pairs had ≥3 studies, including mercury, methylmercury, lead, PCBs, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and arsenic as exposures and neurodevelopment, child exposure biomarkers, growth, and cardiometabolic as outcomes. For child exposure, only mercury and neurodevelopment had ≥3 studies. In conclusion, this scoping review shows relevant evidence for 14 of the 22 toxicants. Only 12 maternal and 1 child toxicant–outcome pairs, the majority of which examined maternal (methyl)mercury exposure, had ≥3 studies, our cutoff for consideration for systematic review. This scoping review indicates a paucity of research examining seafood toxicants beyond mercury and exposure during childhood. Systematic reviews are required to evaluate the associations for each toxicant–outcome pairs.</div><div>The protocol was registered at Open Science Framework (<span><span>https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FQZTA</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Polyphenols as Potential Therapeutic Agents in Type 2 Diabetes Management: Advances and Opportunities","authors":"Sisir Kumar Barik ,&nbsp;Srabasti Sengupta ,&nbsp;Rakesh Arya ,&nbsp;Surendra Kumar ,&nbsp;Jong Joo Kim ,&nbsp;Reetika Chaurasia","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poor dietary intake or unhealthy lifestyle contributes to various health disorders, including postprandial hyperglycemia, leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Reduction of postprandial glucose concentrations through diet is a key strategy for preventing and managing T2DM. Thus, it is essential to understand how dietary components affect glycemic regulation. Dietary polyphenols (DPs), such as anthocyanins and other phenolics found in various fruits and vegetables, are often recommended for their potential health benefits, although their systemic effectiveness is subject to ongoing debate. Therefore, this review assesses the current and historical evidence of DPs bioactivities, which regulate crucial metabolic markers to lower postprandial hyperglycemia. Significant bioactivities such as modulation of glucose transporters, activation of AMP kinase, and regulation of incretins are discussed, along with prospects for diet-induced therapeutics to prevent the onset of T2DM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}