iRadiology最新文献

Total-body positron emission tomography (TB-PET) has ultra-high sensitivity and the unique ability to conduct dynamic imaging of the entire body. Both the hardware configuration and the data acquired from a TB-PET scanner differ from those of the conventional short axial field-of-view scanners. Therefore, various aspects concerning data processing need careful consideration when implementing TB-PET in clinical settings. Additionally, advances in data analysis are needed to fully uncover the potential of these systems. Although some progress has been achieved, further research and innovation in scan data management are necessary. In this report, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current progress, challenges, and possible future directions for TB-PET data processing and analysis. For a review of clinical applications, please find the other review accompanying this paper.

Total-body positron emission tomography (TB-PET) has significantly advanced from initial conception to global commercial availability. The high sensitivity of TB-PET has led to superior lesion detection, thereby expanding the range of clinical applications. TB-PET technology offers several advantages: (a) It enables the detection of small lesions, facilitating precise cancer staging and targeted cancer formulation. (b) The technology shortens the acquisition time while maintaining the quality of diagnostic images. (c) TB-PET allows for a reduction in the amount of administered radiotracer, which minimizes image noise, reduces the effective radiation dose to patients, and enhances staff safety. (d) The scanner supports the development of new tracers and the dynamic imaging of these tracers throughout the entire body. (e) TB-PET accommodates delayed scanning, which has been shown to improve the detection of small and previously undetected malignant lesions by enhancing the clearance in areas of significant background activity. (f) Owing to its high-quality images, TB-PET is suitable for parametric imaging, which offers several advantages over conventional standardized uptake value imaging. However, TB-PET still faces several challenges. There is a lack of consensus on the optimal dose and scan duration for clinical diagnosis using TB-PET. Additionally, unified standards for parametric imaging via TB-PET are yet to be established, and the full clinical significance of this technology remains under-explored. The accompanying review (Part 1) covers TB-PET data manipulation and analysis.

Zhou W, Chen D, Li K, Yuan Z, Chen X. Multimodal photoacoustic imaging in analytic vulnerability of atherosclerosis. iRADIOLOGY. 2023; 1(4): 303–319. doi: 10.1002/ird3.39

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Head and neck cancer is a significant threat to human health and is characterized by high 5-year morbidity and mortality rates. Addressing this challenge requires the application of precision medicine, but the inherent heterogeneity of head and neck cancer complicates its treatment. Radiogenomics, an interdisciplinary field at the intersection of genomics and radiology, may represent a solution. Radiogenomics offers the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of this complex and diverse disease. By comprehensively analyzing the genetic information and radiological features of tumors, clinicians can gain a profound understanding of patients' conditions. Gaining such in-depth insight facilitates early detection and implementation of personalized treatment strategies, both of which are integral components of precision medicine. Tailored treatments, including surgical interventions and targeted therapies, provide improved outcomes and reduced side effects. Radiogenomics represents a groundbreaking advancement that has the potential to significantly enhance the quality of care and outcomes of patients with head and neck cancer. To shed light on this transformative approach, we performed a comprehensive overview of radiomics and radiogenomics-based diagnostic methods tailored to the unique characteristics of head and neck cancer.

A 25-year-old male presented to the orthopedic out-patient department with a small bulge on the back of the left lower leg which appears on the plantarflexion of the foot. It developed suddenly 5 days ago when the patient was running with a sharp pain in the calf (Figure 1a). On examination, there was a well-defined soft tissue density lesion in the medial side of the leg which became more pronounced on plantarflexion (Video S1). Ultrasound (done on Sonoscape P12) with a linear probe (9–12 Hz) revealed a bulky medial head of gastrocnemius with lobulated inferior edge contour at the site of the swelling with hyperechoic soft tissue at the inferior edge of the belly signifying buckled up aponeurosis at its inferior edge (Figure 1b,c; Video S2 shows the dynamic evaluation of gastrocnemius with curvilinear probe; Video S3 shows the normal contralateral side for comparison). The muscle became prominent on plantar flexion with increase in the buckling of the aponeurosis. The swelling disappeared on the dorsiflexion and on ultrasound findings returned to baseline. There was no intermuscular fluid or adjacent collection. A diagnosis of “Tennis leg” due to a partial rupture of the medial head of gastrocnemius at musculoaponeurosis junction was made.

“Tennis leg” is commonly seen in middle-aged persons and is a common sports-related injury or chronic stress due to strenuous exercise commonly occurs following the extension of the knee and forced dorsiflexion of the ankle because of playing tennis or activities such as jumping or running with “push-off” [1]. Other causes of “Tennis leg” include plantaris tendon rupture, partial rupture of soleus, fluid between the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles without the evidence of muscle injury, and even deep vein thrombosis [2]. Ultrasound is the first imaging modality of choice to look at the nature of lesion, exact location, place of origin, and differentiate muscular pathologies based on their location from other masses. It can also detect the deep vein thrombosis which appears as echogenic, non-compressible, thrombus within deep or superficial veins. Dynamic ultrasound adds to static imaging in cases with muscular injury by giving us a real time opportunity to assess the muscle and its relative movement with common maneuvers; like plantar and dorsiflexion in our case. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is needed in cases where ultrasound is not able to localize or characterize the pathology. It helps us to differentiate gastrocnemius tear from other musculotendinous tears which can present similarly based on their location and much early than the ultrasound. It is also used in cases that require operative management to look at its operability with respect to grading of injury, any additional injuries and preoperative planning for reconstruction of tendons if required. In our case however, MRI was not performed in view of the partial tear of gastrocnemius documented on ultrasound. I

As we embark on the first issue of 2024, on behalf of the iRADIOLOGY editorial board, I extend warm greetings and best wishes to our esteemed editorial board members, authors, reviewers, and readers. Together, we have witnessed the rapid evolution of medical imaging and the resilience of the human race post-epidemic. In this new year, filled with hope and challenges, let us collectively contribute our insights and efforts to advance the development of medical imaging.

I express my deepest gratitude to all authors for their selfless dedication, enabling the journal to uphold high academic standards. In iRADIOLOGY 's inaugural year, we received outstanding manuscripts from around the world, covering diverse aspects of medical imaging. Thirty-seven excellent articles originating from 13 countries have been accepted and published in four issues, propelling iRADIOLOGY to new heights on the international stage of medical imaging. Sincere thanks are also given to our reviewers, whose rigorous academic attitude and high sense of responsibility guaranteed the high quality of published articles last year.

The field of medical imaging has rapidly evolved, with the applications of new imaging techniques and probes such as theranostic radiopharmaceuticals providing valuable options for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Artificial intelligence, exemplified by technologies such as chatGPT, has transformed clinical practices, making image processing and analysis more intelligent and efficient. To adapt to the swift development of medical imaging and better serve the academic community, iRADIOLOGY will transition from a quarterly to a bimonthly journal in the upcoming year. This transformation aims to accommodate more cutting-edge research outcomes and ideas in interdisciplinary medical imaging, promoting the field's future development and providing unique insights. The success of this transformation relies on the continuous involvement and contribution of the editorial board, authors, readers, and medical imaging researchers. I believe that after this transformation, iRADIOLOGY will share more outstanding breakthroughs, promote interdisciplinary cooperation, and have a greater academic impact in the field.

Additionally, we will strengthen international cooperation, establish more partnerships with renowned academic societies and conferences, and actively participate in global medical imaging activities. We will follow cutting-edge trends, encourage interdisciplinary research cooperation, and promote the innovation and development of medical imaging technology. To further enhance the visibility of iRADIOLOGY, a wider outreach program will be launched through various channels, expanding the influence and recognition of our journal.

In the new year, 2024, we anticipate more challenges and opportunities. Let us remain optimistic and committed to advancing medical imaging. Together, let us contribute