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A new mathematical solution to the non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann differential equation for solid-liquid dispersions in presence of different dissymmetrical electrolytes was given. The analytical expressions of the surface and charge density of solid particles were given. The variations of electrostatic potential ψ (x) and charge density σ (x) of dispersed particles against the distance x were obtained. For colloidal particles in presence of E(m-n) electrolytes with $m\ne n$ with $m\ge 3,n\ge 3$ and for E(2–3) and E(3-2) electrolytes, the mean electrostatic potential as a function of the distance was numerically integrated by Mathematica program version 13.

The experimental study of silica suspensions in presence with the following electrolytes $NaCl$, ${Na}_2{SO}_4$, $Ca{Cl}_2$, ${Na}_3{PO}_4$, $Al{Cl}_3$, ${Al}_2{\left({SO}_4\right)}_3$, ${Ca}_3{\left({PO}_4\right)}_2$, ${Na}_4{P_{2}O}_7$ and ${Na}_5{P_{3}O}_{10}$ led to confirm the theoretical predictions obtained from the analytical solution of Poisson-Boltzmann equation. The results obtained allowed to determine the surface potential as a function of pH of the suspension and the electrostatic potential versus the distance x. The variations of the dissociation coefficient of silica surfaces were determined. An important effect of the anion and cation valences of the dissymmetrical electrolytes on the surface charge density and potential was highlighted.

Tocopherols are fat soluble substances with antioxidant properties. The α-Tocopherol (T) is the major form of Tocopherols and can decrease the risk of cancer. F127-based and Lignin-based oil-in-water microemulsions seem to increase the bioavailability of T and cause better release of this therapeutic agent. Thus, T-loaded microemulsions were designed by means of density functional theory (DFT) and semi-empirical methods. Atoms in molecules (AIM), natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses, localized molecular orbital energy decomposition analysis (LMO-EDA), and density of states plots were employed to explore the effective factors on the strength of the interactions between surfactants and T. Results indicate that F127-T complexes are more stable than Lignin-T ones. Furthermore, the stable release of T in microemulsions is due to the electrostatic interactions between surfactants and T. Formation of hydrogen bond (HB) interactions between surfactants and T stabilizes the microemulsion system. These interplays are suggested to take part in the better function of T in microemulsions compared to free T. The semi-empirical study reveals that the heats of formation (ΔH_f values) of the F127-T complexes are less negative than those for the Lignin-T ones.

Rapid, inexpensive, and low-power/solar light-driven photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants to deal with annually produced trillion tons of synthetic dye wastewater to prevent water scarcity issues, ecotoxicological risks, and human health has always been challenging. To overcome this limitation, the present study synthesized earth-abundant, inexpensive copper oxide nanosheets using a simple single-step hydrothermal route. The structural, physicochemical, and functional properties of the nanosheets have been characterized using several characterization techniques. The photocatalytic activity was studied for two commonly industrially used organic dyes, Methylene Blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB). The importance of this work is the usage of a cheap commercially available Phillips UV light (11 W) as well as direct sunlight. With several optimized conditions, almost complete degradation of both dyes was achieved within 35 minutes under low-power UV light and within 70 minutes by the direct illumination of natural sunlight. The enhanced photocatalytic performance can be correlated to the synergetic effect of a higher charge transfer mechanism, good catalytic ‘active surface area’ availability (13.2 m²/g), and several optimized parameters that affect the reaction efficacy. Additionally, five repeated uses of nanosheets without sacrificing performance confirmed their stability and sustainability as a promising candidate for large-scale industrial textile wastewater remedies.

Evaporation can drive initially homogeneous multiphase liquid systems out of equilibrium to induce liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Here, we demonstrate evaporative LLPS in microfluidic-generated emulsion microdroplets of polymer mixtures. The evaporation produces distinct polymer phases within the microdroplets. Phase separation occurs even with polymer combinations that do not form distinct phases in sessile droplet evaporation. We attribute this aspect to evaporation-driven solutal Marangoni flows and the interface capture accumulating the nuclei at the apex where the evaporation rate is the maximum. A fast coalescence and growth of the accumulated polymer nuclei occurs inside the droplets, unlike the capillary-flow-induced spread-out of the nuclei along the contact line in sessile drops. Our method of evaporation of the droplet cluster may facilitate studying LLPS in volume-limited environments and have implications for understanding LLPS in biological systems.

There are two commonly used drilling fluids, namely water-based muds (WBMs) and oil-based muds (OBMs); however, the latter type is more desirable for drilling unconventional oilfield reserves. To account for the potential encounter of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) while drilling, the utilized OBMs should contain scavenger(s) with an effective H₂S mitigation capability in order to in-situ capture this very lethal and corrosive gas. To the best of our knowledge, studies on incorporating H₂S scavengers in OBMs and their testing are still greatly lacking in open literature. Thus, this study contributes into the filling of this gap by preparing a mineral oil-based drilling mud (MOBM) containing potassium permanganate as a promising, widely available, safe, and cheap H₂S scavenger. The MOBM also comprised other ingredients including rhamnolipid biosurfactant as an emulsifier and octadecanethiol-modified (i.e., hydrophobized) zinc nanoparticles (serving as weighting agent). These materials have not been widely utilized so far in open literature for the preparation of MOBM. The results obtained from this study demonstrated that this mud could fully scavenge H₂S for up to 22.7 h (i.e., breakthrough time), and it took about 63 h for the MOBM to become fully saturated with H₂S. The scavenged amounts of H₂S at these times reached 324.4 and 485.8 g/barrel MOBM, respectively. The formulated MOBM also displayed an appropriate non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior, where the apparent viscosity dropped sharply from about 1.96 to 0.71 Pa.s upon increasing the shear rate to from 1 to 10 s⁻¹, followed by a gradual decrease down to 0.31 Pa.s at a shear rate of 1000 s⁻¹. Additionally, the formulated mud is able to dissipate a significant amount of thermal energy as inferred from its estimated high activation energy of 34.93 kJ/mol, suggesting a good thermal stability of the MOBM. The present study reveals the possibility of formulating mineral OBMs with effective H₂S for safely drilling sour oil and gas reservoirs.

The large-scale culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is essential for developing new pharmaceuticals and regenerative therapy methods. While for the development of cultured meat products, mass production of animal myoblasts is necessary. Both hiPSCs and animal myoblasts consume d-glucose as their energy source and produce l-lactate, which accumulates in cell culture media and inhibits cell proliferation. To make large-scale cell culture economically feasible, l-lactate removal and subsequent reuse of media are of high importance. The adsorption technique is attractive for l-lactate removal due to its low cost, ease of operation, and scalability. The current study is dedicated to 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonate (HEPES) intercalated Mg–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH), which acts as a biocompatible anion-exchanger in media. HEPES‧Mg–Al LDH was able to remove l-lactate from hiPS cells and myoblast-relevant media selectively while mostly retaining d-glucose. Adsorbent exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity to hiPSCs and C2C12 cells, mainly related to elevated osmolarity, HEPES, and Mg levels and adsorption of media micro components. By employing alternatively prepared sol-gel derived HEPES‧Mg–Al LDH, the required adsorbent dose for efficient l-lactate removal was reduced to a safe level. The current study thoroughly evaluates Mg–Al layered double hydroxides as suitable adsorbents for cell culture media regeneration and discusses the limitations of Mg–Al LDHs in systems relevant to hiPS cells and C2C12 cells. This work promotes the cost-effective large-scale production of cells and gives insight into the limitations of Mg–Al LDHs applied to systems of biological origin.

The spread of bacterial infections aggravated by the development of microbial resistance to antibiotics requires the creation of protective antibacterial materials. Nanomaterials with biocides can provide antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this work, we synthesized nanocomposites with silver nanoparticles and different polyoxometalates of Keggin-structure (phosphomolybdic, phosphotungstic, and tungstosilicic acids) on eco-friendly nanoclay called halloysite. We found that the nanocomposite containing silver nanoparticles and phosphomolybdic acid deposited on the halloysite possesses the best antibacterial performance of all the obtained composites, having a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.5 g/L against S. aureus, 0.25 g/L against P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. This composite reduces the viability of formed biofilms at a concentration of 2.5 g/L.

A catalyst-free, green and efficient protocol for the one-pot, multi-component, synthesis of Methyleneisoxazole-5(4H)-ones (4a-l) from the reaction of Ethyl acetoacetate, aromatic aldehyde, and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in ethanol as green solvent under ultrasound irradiation at ambient temperature is described. This protocol offers several positive benefits, including simple handling, rapid reaction time period (≤10 mints), easy workup process, waste-free, gentler reaction conditions, ecologically friendly, cleaner reaction, absence of any a laborious purification and excellent yields.