JCIS open最新文献

{"title":"Construction of novel step-scheme TiO2-WO3 nanostructured heterojunction towards morphology-driven enhancement of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution","authors":"M. Rebeca Sofiya Joice ,&nbsp;Priya Ranjan Dev ,&nbsp;E. Iyyappan ,&nbsp;T. Manovah David ,&nbsp;Nithya Thangavel ,&nbsp;Bernaurdshaw Neppolian ,&nbsp;P. Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution driven via solar energy is an efficient and sustainable method for hydrogen synthesis. The use of titania (TiO₂), an efficient photocatalyst in hydrogen generation, can be improved further by reducing the recombination rate of photoinduced charge carriers. In this context, WO₃ is a viable material to boost TiO₂ photoefficiency. In the present study, 1D TiO₂ nanotube/WO₃ nanorod (TN-WR) Step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction was fabricated via a facile impregnation method. XRD studies confirmed the anatase phase of TiO₂ and the monoclinic phase of WO₃. Morphological studies revealed the 1D microstructure of the nanocomposite with a mesoporous surface. UV-DRS and PL profiles displayed a bathochromic shift in wavelength signifying the activation of the nanocomposite in the visible region. XPS studies indicated the generation of defective sites in TiO₂ upon incorporation of WO₃. Thus, the novel 1D TN-WR S-scheme heterojunction nanocomposite demonstrates a remarkably high photocatalytic hydrogen generation rate of 1761 μmol g⁻¹h⁻¹. In order to investigate the role of morphology in hydrogen evolution, TiO₂/WO₃ nanocomposites with spherical morphologies were considered for comparison. This study provides a novel insight into the design of semiconductor heterojunction photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution while avoiding the use of noble metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative characterization of the mass transfer of volatile amphiphiles between vapor and aqueous phases: Experiment vs theory","authors":"Ralitsa I. Uzunova ,&nbsp;Krassimir D. Danov ,&nbsp;Rumyana D. Stanimirova ,&nbsp;Theodor D. Gurkov","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The class of volatiles, which possess low saturated vapor pressures, appreciable solubilities in water, and well pronounced surface activities, have gained wide applications in diverse areas of industry, cosmetics, and medicine. One way to qualitatively characterize their mass transfer between vapor and aqueous solutions is to measure the relaxation of the interfacial tension, <em>σ</em>, with time, <em>t</em>, under different nonequilibrium initial conditions. This approach is applied in the present work for geraniol and menthol. By means of combining <em>σ</em>(<em>t</em>) data with the respective equilibrium surface tension isotherms, the instantaneous values of the fragrance adsorption, Γ(<em>t</em>), have been determined. Quantitative characterization of the geraniol and menthol mass transfers in the case of adsorption from vapor to aqueous drops is achieved by using a mixed barrier-diffusion model. The obtained values of the rates of adsorption and desorption are compared with those reported in the literature for benzyl acetate, linalool, and citronellol. In the case of evaporation of the volatiles from their saturated aqueous solutions to the ambient atmosphere, the mass transfer is found to be driven both by mixed barrier-diffusion and by convection-enhanced mechanisms – depending on the air humidity. The quantitative description of the evaporation of volatile molecules is modelled theoretically by adsorption rate constants. In order to achieve the reported model representations, complex numerical calculations are implemented. On the other hand, having in mind the cases when one wishes to avoid extensive computational work, we developed a simple semiempirical model suitable for all five studied fragrances. This simplified approach is convenient for the express comparison and characterization of the evaporation rates. The obtained physicochemical parameters related to the evaporation and condensation of volatiles are important for the rigorous modeling of their complex mixed solutions of practical interest. The semiempirical model could be used for the quantitative classification of volatile molecules with respect to their ability to evaporate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isoelectric points of hydroxy double salts","authors":"Marek Kosmulski","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water-insoluble hydroxy double salts show pH-dependent surface-charging similar to that of metal oxides. While the pH-dependent surface-charging of metal oxides is very well-documented, the number of scientific papers reporting on the surface-charging of hydroxy double salts is limited. A collection of isoelectric points IEP of hydroxy double salts taken from the literature is presented. Electrokinetic behavior of paratacamite Cu₂Cl(OH)₃ was studied experimentally, and its IEP was at pH about 8.5.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising cellulose nanofiber extraction from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) stems: Effects of steam explosion pretreatment and ultrasonication time","authors":"A. Muhammad Afdhal Saputra ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ibadurrahman ,&nbsp;Averroes Fazlur Rahman Piliang ,&nbsp;Marpongahtun ,&nbsp;Amanda Jiamin Ong ,&nbsp;Ronn Goei ,&nbsp;Alfred Iing Yoong Tok ,&nbsp;Refi Ikhtiari ,&nbsp;Saharman Gea ,&nbsp;Cut Fatimah Zuhra","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a highly efficient approach to isolate high-quality cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from water hyacinth. The researchers employed a synergistic combination of steam explosion pretreatment and optimised ultrasonic fibrillation. The steam explosion pretreatment effectively disrupted the lignocellulosic structure, enhancing subsequent chemical and mechanical processing steps. Ultrasonic fibrillation for 1, 2, and 3 h yielded CNFs with average diameters of 24.3 nm, 12.05 nm, and 8.9 nm, respectively. The cellulose yield was 43.2 % from the steam-exploded sample, with 92–98 % CNF recovery. Comprehensive analyses revealed that the steam explosion pretreatment substantially improved the dispersion stability, crystallinity index (71 %), and the thermal stability (304 °C) of the CNFs as compared to the untreated fibres. The optimised chemical treatment further enhanced the CNF properties by removing lignin and hemicellulose components. The 1 h ultrasonic fibrillation of steam-exploded cellulose demonstrated superior efficiency, outperforming previous studies without pretreatment. Prolonged fibrillation had minimal impact on the CNF characteristics. This synergistic approach provides a highly effective and efficient method for isolating premium-quality CNFs from water hyacinth, with exceptional physical and thermal properties for advanced materials and composites. These findings pave the way for further exploration of water hyacinth-derived CNF's industrial potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring efficiency and regeneration of magnetic zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash for water treatment applications","authors":"Sofi Buzukashvili ,&nbsp;Roberto Sommerville ,&nbsp;Ozan Kökkılıç ,&nbsp;Philippe Ouzilleau ,&nbsp;Neil A. Rowson ,&nbsp;Kristian E. Waters","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2024.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2024.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates novel synthetic magnetic zeolites from coal fly ash (CFA) and laboratory-grade LTA zeolite enhanced with nano magnetite particles for the remediation of heavy metal ions (Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺) from wastewater. Utilizing a continuous flow system with a laboratory scale Wet High Intensity Magnetic Separator (WHIMS), heavy metal removal and magnetic particles’ recovery from the treated solution was investigated in a process that could be appropriate to real-world systems. The adsorption performance was investigated under various operational conditions, maintaining a consistent selectivity order of Pb &gt; Cu &gt; Zn &gt; Ni, repeating the selectivity order found in previous study of magnetic CFA zeolite in batch systems. Moreover, magnetic CFA zeolite was shown to be a more effective adsorbent when compared to magnetic LTA zeolite. Thus, when tested in continuous flow system under selected conditions, magnetic CFA zeolite removed 63 % Pb, 37 % Cu, 13 % Zn, and 7 % Ni while magnetic LTA zeolite removed 25 % Pb, 16 % Cu, 6 % Zn, and 3 % Ni. Furthermore, treated solution that passed through WHIMS did not contain any zeolite particles, as they were successfully captured in the metal grid.</div><div>Additionally, regeneration of metal-laden magnetic zeolites through desorption experiments was investigated by enhancing the ion-exchange process using a saturated NaCl solution. The results indicated that Pb, Zn, and Ni ions were fully desorbed from magnetic zeolite, while approximately 70 % of the Cu remained to the sample. The Cu remained in the sample may be attributed to its partial adsorption onto the carbonized binder, a highly oxygenated graphenic structure, which does not readily release the adsorbed Cu ions. As these findings highlight the difference between adsorption and desorption selectivity order, further investigation into the topic would be beneficial.</div><div>This research underscores the operational advantages of using magnetic LTA and CFA zeolites in industrial water treatment applications, illustrating their high adsorption capacity and straightforward desorption processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic irreversibility in mixed convective MHD flow of radiative hybrid nanofluids with couple-stress effects","authors":"Pungja Mushahary ,&nbsp;Surender Ontela","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2025.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper presents the analysis of the mixed convective flow of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) couple stress hybrid nanofluid (CSHNF) in a porous vertical channel. The system is equipped with quadratic thermal radiation, an external heat source, and a uniform magnetic field. The study applies to advanced microchannel systems, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) development, and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology. The irreversibility analysis of the system is based on the entropy generation number and the Bejan number. The considered hybrid nanofluid is processed by mixing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (<span><math><mrow><mi>M</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></math></span>) and silver (<span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></math></span>) nanoparticles in a base fluid of ethylene glycol (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>). The flow is induced by the pressure gradient force and the buoyancy force modeled through the Boussinesq approximation, characterizing it as mixed convective flow. The governing equations are nondimensionalized by applying relevant dimensionless parameters and solved using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The obtained results are validated through existing results, ensuring consistency and reliability with established findings. The effects of different significant parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles and entropy generation rate are scrutinized. The analysis reveals that entropy generation degrades up to <span><math><mrow><mn>19</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> for the concentration and Darcy number range of <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>≤</mo><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.02</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>0.1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.9</mn></mrow></math></span>. In contrast, it enhances up to <span><math><mrow><mn>25</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>90</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> for thermal radiation and convective conditions for the range <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>≤</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>D</mi></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.1</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>0.3</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>B</mi><msub><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.5</mn></mrow></math></span>. The heat transfer rate was reduced by about <span><math><mrow><mn>0.5</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>17</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> at the parameter range <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>≤</mo><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.02</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>0.1</mn><mo>≤</mo><msub><mi>Q</mi><mi>T</mi></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.2</mn></mrow></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and evaluation of PVDF membranes modified with cellulose and cellulose esters from peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) shell for application in methylene blue filtration","authors":"Elyna Wahyu Trisnawati,&nbsp;Venty Suryanti,&nbsp;Edi Pramono","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2024.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2024.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane is frequently employed for filtration due to its excellent properties. The hydrophobicity of PVDF membrane causes easy fouling; therefore, hydrophilic polymer materials are required to increase hydrophilicity. This study applies cellulose and cellulose esters as fillers for PVDF membranes to solve the fouling problem. Cellulose esters, such as cellulose acetate (PSCA), cellulose benzoate (PSCB), and cellulose citrate (PSCC), were successfully synthesized from peanut shell cellulose (PSC) using Fischer and non-Fischer reactions. The phase inversion method was successfully used to fabricate PVDF membranes with cellulose or cellulose esters as fillers. The fabricated membranes have been applied for methylene blue (MB) filtration. Adding PSC fillers improved the hydrophilicity and performance of the PVDF membranes up to 23.49 ± 2.40 L m⁻² h⁻¹ for water flux and 95.75 ± 0.78 % for rejection of MB. Regarding cellulose esters, cellulose acetate gave the highest value of 77.63 L m⁻² h⁻¹ for water flux, and cellulose citrate gave the highest value of 86.88 ± 3.54 % for MB rejection. Hence, cellulose or cellulose esters from peanut shells are suitable fillers for MB filtration in PVDF membranes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666934X24000230/pdfft?md5=313e49970e7ba41c92b4a0271198db8f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666934X24000230-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorene: A novel nanomaterial revolutionizing biomedicine","authors":"Md Saiful Islam ,&nbsp;Md Thouhidul Islam ,&nbsp;Md Rakib Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2024.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2024.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorene (BP), a two-dimensional (2D) material composed of monolayer or few-layers of black phosphorous (bBP), has recently emerged as a promising candidate for biomedical applications due to its unique electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. This review presents an overview of the theoretical and experimental investigations on the use of BP in various biomedical applications including drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, tissue engineering, and its incorporation into various treatment modalities. BP is an excellent candidate for drug delivery applications due to its tunable bandgap, large surface area, and puckered structure. In addition, due to the intrinsic photoacoustic and fluorescence properties of BP, it is regarded highly for biosensing and bioimaging applications. Researchers have taken advantage of its bioimaging capabilities to develop novel synergistic and theranostic treatment modalities, achieving excellent results. Furthermore, the mechanical and chemical properties of BP make it suitable for tissue engineering applications, particularly in the regeneration of bone tissue. The review also discusses concerns regarding the application of BP in biomedicine, including potential toxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: A comprehensive review of methods, influencing factors, and applications","authors":"Mohd Fahim ,&nbsp;Adnan Shahzaib ,&nbsp;Nahid Nishat ,&nbsp;Afroz Jahan ,&nbsp;Tahir Ahmad Bhat ,&nbsp;Afreen Inam","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2024.100125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2024.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review explores recent advancements in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP), focusing on plant-based methods, critical synthesis factors, and biomedical applications. Plant extracts, rich in reducing agents like phenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids, facilitate the eco-friendly conversion of silver ions into AgNP. Critical parameters such as pH, temperature, reaction time, and silver precursor concentration are examined for their impact on nanoparticle size, stability, and yield. The biosynthesized AgNP demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, primarily through mechanisms like bacterial membrane disruption and oxidative stress. Emerging applications in anticancer treatments, antioxidant therapies, and wound healing are also discussed. The advantages of green synthesis over conventional chemical methods are highlighted, alongside reproducibility, scalability, and cytotoxicity challenges. Future directions include standardizing synthesis protocols, developing large-scale production strategies, and investigating AgNP toxicity mechanisms further. Plant-mediated green synthesis represents a promising and sustainable approach for generating AgNP with significant biomedical potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blending induced variations in Poloxamer's/Pluronic's® gelation: Thermodynamic and rheological perspectives","authors":"Mohammad Qutub,&nbsp;Amol Tatode,&nbsp;Tanvi Premchandani,&nbsp;Jayshree Taksande,&nbsp;Dadaso Mane,&nbsp;Milind Umekar","doi":"10.1016/j.jciso.2024.100126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jciso.2024.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amphiphilic block copolymers (ABCs) are currently significant in pharmaceutical sciences because of their specific capability to develop various structures that are highly efficient for drug delivery. Poloxamers, sometimes referred to as Pluronic's®, are very remarkable due to their exceptional biocompatibility and adaptability. Poloxamers are a type of nonionic triblock copolymers that consist of hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and hydrophobic poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) organized in a sequence of PEO-PPO-PEO. Due to this arrangement, they are able to encapsulate drugs within their hydrophobic core and self-assemble into micelles in aqueous solutions beyond certain critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and temperatures (CMTs). Understanding and optimising these systems requires a thorough comprehension of the micellisation process and its thermodynamics, which encompass the changes in free energy, enthalpy, and entropy. Differences in molecular weight and the proportion of PEO to PPO lead to the formation of several different poloxamers, each possessing unique properties and uses. This paper examines the process of micellisation, the structure of micelles, thermodynamic factors, and the importance of critical micelle concentration (CMC) and critical micelle temperature (CMT). It emphasizes the significance of these parameters in pharmaceutical formulations and drug delivery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73541,"journal":{"name":"JCIS open","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}