JCPP advances最新文献_第10页

Risk rates and profiles at intake in child and adolescent mental health services: A cohort and latent class analyses of 21,688 young people in South London 儿童和青少年心理健康服务机构收治的风险率和概况：对伦敦南部 21,688 名青少年的队列和潜类分析

IF 3.1

JCPP advances

Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12246

Barry Coughlan, Matt Woolgar, Rick Hood, Dustin Hutchinson, Ella Denford, Amy Hillier, Keith Clements, Teresa Geraghty, Ava Berry, Paul Bywaters, Andy Bilson, Jack Smith, Taliah Drayak, David Graham, Francesca Crozier-Roche, Robbie Duschinsky

Background

Children and young people (CYP) seen by child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) often experience safeguarding issues. Yet little is known about the volume and nature of these risks, including how different adversities or risks relate to one another. This exploratory study aims to bridge this gap, examining rates at entry to services and profiles of risk using a latent class analysis.

Methods

Data were extracted for CYP who received at least one risk assessment at CAMHs in South London between January 2007 and December 2017. In total, there were 21,688 risk assessments. Latent class analysis was used to identify profiles of risk from the risk assessments.

Results

Concerns about parent mental health (n = 5274; 24%), emotional abuse (n = 4487; 21%), violence towards others (n = 4210; 19%), destructive behaviour (n = 4005; 18%), and not attending school (n = 3762; 17%) were the most commonly identified risks. Six distinct profiles of risk were identified from the latent class analyses: (1) maltreatment and externalising behaviours, (2) maltreatment but low risk to self and others, (3) antisocial behaviour, (4) inadequate caregiver supervision and risk to self and others, (5) risk to self but not others, and (6) mental health needs but low risk.

Conclusions

These findings provide fresh insights into adverse experiences and risks identified by CAMHS. For professionals, the profiles identified in this study might provide insights into profiles of identified risks, in contrast to traditional cumulative approaches to risk. For researchers, these profiles may be fertile ground for hypothesis-driven work on the association between adversity and later outcomes.

儿童和青少年心理健康服务机构（CAMHS）接诊的儿童和青少年（CYP）经常会遇到安全保护问题。然而，人们对这些风险的数量和性质知之甚少，包括不同的逆境或风险之间的关系。这项探索性研究旨在弥合这一差距，采用潜类分析法研究进入服务机构的比率和风险概况。研究人员提取了 2007 年 1 月至 2017 年 12 月间在伦敦南部儿童青少年心理健康中心接受过至少一次风险评估的儿童青少年的数据。总共进行了 21,688 次风险评估。对父母心理健康的担忧（n = 5274；24%）、情感虐待（n = 4487；21%）、对他人的暴力行为（n = 4210；19%）、破坏行为（n = 4005；18%）和不上学（n = 3762；17%）是最常见的风险。通过潜类分析发现了六种不同的风险特征：（1）虐待和外化行为；（2）虐待但对自己和他人的风险较低；（3）反社会行为；（4）照料者监管不足且对自己和他人构成风险；（5）对自己构成风险但对他人无风险；（6）有心理健康需求但风险较低。对于专业人员来说，与传统的风险累积法相比，本研究中发现的风险特征可能会让他们对已识别风险的特征有更深入的了解。对于研究人员来说，这些特征可能是研究逆境与日后结果之间关联的假设驱动型工作的沃土。

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引用次数: 0

An attachment-based program for parents of youth with clinically significant mental health problems: Scaling up and drilling down to mechanisms of change 为有严重临床心理健康问题的青少年的父母提供以依恋为基础的计划：扩大规模并深入研究变革机制

IF 3.1

JCPP advances

Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12248

Marlene M. Moretti, Sebastian P. Dys, Stephanie G. Craig, Carlos A. Sierra Hernandez, Natalie Goulter, Katherine O’Donnell, Dave S. Pasalich

Background

Given the prevalence and recent increases in youth mental health problems, there is a pressing need for interventions that target transdiagnostic protective factors that could be targeted as mechanisms of change in treatment. Such interventions are most likely to succeed in meeting population needs if they are scalable, sustainable, and effective. Connect is a manualized, 10-session trauma-informed and attachment-based parent program that is structured, emotion-focused and skills-oriented. Developed for broad implementation by community mental health workers, Connect is designed to promote parent–child attachment security, a well-established transdiagnostic protective factor for youth mental health.

Methods

We examined whether parent–youth attachment anxiety and avoidance predicted reductions in internalizing and externalizing problems in a large one-group clinical sample of youth (N = 527; ages 8–18 years) of parents (N = 690) who completed the Connect program in a longitudinal study with 6 time points (pre-, mid-, and post-treatment; 6-, 12- and 18-month follow-up).

Results

Findings confirmed that parent and youth reports of attachment anxiety and avoidance, as well as internalizing and externalizing problems, significantly declined over the course of the intervention. Parent reported reductions in youth attachment anxiety, but not avoidance, predicted declining levels of youth internalizing problems. As well, parent reported reductions in youth attachment avoidance and anxiety predicted declining youth externalizing behavior. In contrast, youth reports of reductions in youth attachment anxiety, but not attachment avoidance, were associated with declines in youth externalizing problems.

Conclusion

Our findings support the role of attachment as an important transdiagnostic mechanism of change in attachment-based programs for parents of teens with clinically significant mental health problems.

鉴于青少年心理健康问题的普遍性和近期的增长，迫切需要针对跨诊断保护因素的干预措施，这些因素可以作为治疗中的改变机制。如果这些干预措施具有可扩展性、可持续性和有效性，就最有可能成功满足人们的需求。连接"（Connect）是一个以创伤为导向、以依恋为基础的家长项目，它是一个结构化的、以情感为重点、以技能为导向的手册化项目，共 10 个疗程。连接 "是为社区心理健康工作者广泛实施而开发的，旨在促进亲子依恋安全，这是一个已被证实的青少年心理健康跨诊断保护因素。在一项纵向研究中，我们对完成 "连接 "项目的父母（690 人）的青少年（527 人；8-18 岁）进行了大规模的单组临床抽样调查，共设 6 个时间点（治疗前、治疗中和治疗后；6、12 和 18 个月的随访），研究结果证实，在干预过程中，父母和青少年报告的依恋焦虑和回避以及内化和外化问题均显著减少。家长报告的青少年依恋焦虑的减少（而不是回避）预示着青少年内化问题水平的下降。同样，家长报告的青少年依恋回避和焦虑的减少也预示着青少年外部化行为的减少。我们的研究结果表明，在针对有严重心理健康问题的青少年家长开展的依恋为基础的项目中，依恋是一个重要的跨诊断变化机制。

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引用次数: 0

Trajectories of mental health across the primary to secondary school transition 小学升中学的心理健康轨迹

IF 3.1

JCPP advances

Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12244

Caitlyn Donaldson, Jemma Hawkins, Frances Rice, Graham Moore

Background

Adolescence is a period of profound developmental change during which the prevalence of mental health problems starts to increase. It also typically coincides with a school transition. Understanding mental health trajectories through school transition is important to inform interventions to support young people's mental health during this period.

Methods

In a longitudinal study with three assessment points spaced six months apart spanning the transition from primary (T1 = end of primary school [Year 6]) to secondary school (T2 = beginning of the first year secondary school [Year 7]; T3 = end of first year of secondary school [Year 7]) we carried out a latent class growth analysis of symptoms of common mental health problems. Young people (mean age at baseline of 11.2 years, standard deviation 0.29; 46.8% female; 53.2% male) from South East England (n = 1861) were included. We modelled emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity and peer problems in parallel over the transition period. Individual-level variables: socioeconomic status (SES), special educational need(s) (SEN), gender, negative life events (NLEs) and being worried about transition were tested as predictors of trajectory class membership using multinomial logistic regression.

Results

A model with four trajectory classes provided the best fit to the data: ‘persistently elevated’ mental health problems, ‘emotional and peer problems’, ‘hyperactivity and conduct problems’ and ‘persistently low’ mental health problems. Class membership was differentially predicted by the individual-level variables.

Conclusions

Young people from low SES backgrounds, those with SEN and those who have experienced two or more NLEs are more likely to exhibit trajectories with elevated mental health difficulties through the transition to secondary school. Young people who were worried about transition were more likely to belong to a trajectory class characterised by elevated emotional problems.

青春期是一个发生深刻发展变化的时期，在此期间，心理健康问题的发生率开始上升。这一时期通常也是学校过渡时期。在一项纵向研究中，我们对从小学（T1=小学六年级结束）到中学（T2=中学一年级开始[七年级]；T3=中学一年级结束[七年级]）的常见心理健康问题的症状进行了潜类增长分析，三个评估点相隔六个月。研究对象包括英格兰东南部的青少年（基线平均年龄为 11.2 岁，标准差为 0.29；46.8% 为女性；53.2% 为男性）（n = 1861）。我们对过渡时期的情绪问题、行为问题、多动和同伴问题进行了平行模拟。个人层面的变量：社会经济地位（SES）、特殊教育需求（SEN）、性别、负面生活事件（NLEs）和对过渡时期的担忧，均作为轨迹类别成员的预测因素，使用多叉逻辑回归进行了测试：一个包含四个轨迹类别的模型对数据的拟合效果最好："持续升高的 "心理健康问题、"情绪和同伴问题"、"多动和行为问题 "以及 "持续低下的 "心理健康问题。来自低社会经济地位背景的青少年、有特殊教育需要的青少年以及经历过两次或两次以上非正规教育的青少年更有可能在升入中学后表现出心理健康问题加重的轨迹。对升学感到担忧的青少年更有可能属于情绪问题加重的轨迹类别。

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引用次数: 0

Chronotype and depression in adolescence: Results from a UK birth cohort study 青春期的时型与抑郁症：英国出生队列研究的结果

IF 3.1

JCPP advances

Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12245

Dimitris I. Tsomokos, Elizabeth Halstead, Eirini Flouri

Background

Research has established a bidirectional association between sleep disturbances and depression in both adults and youth, as well as links between depression and circadian rhythms and chronotype, predominantly in adult populations. However, the link between chronotype and depression in the general adolescent population, independently of poor sleep and prior mental health problems, remains unclear.

Methods

This study investigated the association between time-to-sleep (TTS) and depressive symptoms in middle adolescence (age 14 years) using data from a large, nationally representative birth cohort from the UK. The relationship between TTS and self-reported number of depressive symptoms was adjusted for individual, family, and neighborhood characteristics, including sleep quality, earlier mental health, diet and family meal routines, body-mass index, screen time, physical activity, chronic illness, special educational needs, peer victimization, socioeconomic status, maternal mental health, area safety and the built environment (air pollution).

Results

An “evening” chronotype was positively associated with depressive symptoms, and biological sex moderated this association—with eveningness being more strongly related to depressive symptoms in females. TTS inconsistency between non-school and school nights was associated with depressive symptoms and sleeping later on non-school nights predicted fewer depressive symptoms. The results were robust to further sensitivity analyses that used the sleep midpoint on non-school nights and controlled for sleep duration.

Limitations

This was a correlational study. The independent and dependent variables were self-reported, and there was no clinical screening for sleep disorders. The TTS variables were provided in crude hour slots.

Conclusions

A robust association was found between evening chronotype and depressive symptoms in middle adolescence, even after adjustment for a wide range of confounders. Eveningess and depressive symptoms were more strongly associated in females.

研究证实，成人和青少年的睡眠障碍与抑郁症之间存在双向联系，抑郁症与昼夜节律和时间型之间也存在联系，这主要发生在成人群体中。本研究利用英国一个具有全国代表性的大型出生队列的数据，调查了青少年中期（14 岁）睡眠时间（TTS）与抑郁症状之间的关系。睡眠时间与自我报告的抑郁症状数量之间的关系根据个人、家庭和邻里特征进行了调整，这些特征包括睡眠质量、早期心理健康、饮食和家庭用餐习惯、体重指数、屏幕时间、体育活动、慢性疾病、特殊教育需求、同伴伤害、社会经济地位、母亲心理健康、地区安全和建筑环境（空气污染）。非上学日和上学日之间的TTS不一致与抑郁症状有关，而非上学日晚睡则预示着抑郁症状较少。使用非上学夜的睡眠中点并控制睡眠持续时间的进一步敏感性分析结果是稳健的。自变量和因变量均为自我报告，没有对睡眠障碍进行临床筛查。即使在对多种混杂因素进行调整后，仍发现青少年中期的晚间时型与抑郁症状之间存在密切联系。女性的晚间时型与抑郁症状的关系更为密切。

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引用次数: 0

Caregiver strategies before intervention moderate caregiver fidelity and maintenance in RCT of JASPER intervention with autistic toddlers 在对自闭症幼儿进行 JASPER 干预的 RCT 中，干预前的照护者策略可降低照护者的忠诚度和维持度

IF 3.1

JCPP advances

Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12247

Wendy Shih, Amanda Gulsrud, Connie Kasari

Background

Interventions facilitated by caregivers have gained popularity among those caring for young children with autism. Instructing caregivers on specific techniques to foster social communication skills in their at-risk or diagnosed autistic children has the potential to alleviate concerns about their children's development. Moreover, it can offer a more intensive early intervention compared to what community providers alone can deliver. This study seeks to explore the correlation between caregiver strategies employed prior to participating in a caregiver-mediated intervention and the caregiver's fidelity to the intervention, as well as its sustainability during the follow-up period and child outcomes. This study constitutes a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial that compared the joint attention, symbolic play, engagement, and regulation (JASPER) and Psychoeducational Education Intervention (PEI), revealing significant advancements in children's social communication skills with the JASPER intervention.

Methods

Eighty-six children (average age 31.5 months) with ASD and their primary caregivers enrolled in the two armed randomized trial evaluating the effect of JASPER versus PEI. Generalized linear mixed models were used to model the longitudinal trajectories of the outcomes.

Results

Results indicated that caregivers in the JASPER intervention made more gains in overall JASPER strategies and individual domain strategies (environment, prompt, communication, mirrored pacing) compared to the caregivers in PEI (p's < 0.01) from baseline to exit. While both groups regressed some in overall and subdomain strategies at follow-up, caregivers in the JASPER intervention maintained more overall, and specifically in communication, and mirrored pacing strategies compared to PEI group (p's < 0.05). Further, baseline caregiver strategies moderated the treatment effect of child's joint attention skills from exit to follow-up (p = 0.002), where JASPER dyads with high caregiver strategy use at baseline continued to improve in JA skills post exit, whereas all other children did not.

Conclusion

In summary, understanding caregiver style of interaction before intervention on caregiver fidelity and maintenance from exit to follow up and child progress is important to improving intervention uptake and child outcomes.

由照护者协助进行的干预在照护自闭症幼儿的人员中越来越受欢迎。向照顾者传授培养高危自闭症儿童或确诊自闭症儿童社交沟通技能的具体技巧，有可能减轻他们对孩子成长的担忧。此外，与社区提供者所能提供的服务相比，它还能提供更深入的早期干预。本研究旨在探讨护理人员在参与以护理人员为中介的干预之前所采用的策略与护理人员对干预的忠诚度之间的相关性，以及干预在随访期间的持续性和儿童的成果。本研究是对一项随机对照试验的二次分析，该试验对联合注意、象征性游戏、参与和调节（JASPER）和心理教育干预（PEI）进行了比较，结果显示，JASPER干预显著提高了儿童的社会交往能力。86名患有自闭症的儿童（平均年龄31.5个月）及其主要照顾者参加了这项两组随机试验，以评估JASPER与PEI的效果。结果表明，与 PEI 的照顾者相比，JASPER 干预的照顾者在 JASPER 整体策略和单个领域策略（环境、提示、沟通、镜像步调）方面从基线到退出期间取得了更大的进步（P's < 0.01）。虽然在随访时，两组的整体策略和子领域策略都出现了一定程度的退步，但与 PEI 组相比，JASPER 干预方案中的照护者保持了更多的整体策略，尤其是沟通策略和镜像步调策略（P's < 0.05）。此外，基线照顾者策略调节了从退出到随访期间儿童联合注意力技能的治疗效果（p = 0.002），其中基线照顾者策略使用率高的 JASPER 组合在退出后继续提高了联合注意力技能，而所有其他儿童则没有提高。

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引用次数: 0

Moderators and predictors of treatment outcome following adjunctive internet-delivered emotion regulation therapy relative to treatment as usual alone for adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury disorder: Randomized controlled trial 针对患有非自杀性自伤障碍的青少年，采用互联网辅助情绪调节疗法与单纯常规治疗相比，治疗效果的调节因素和预测因素：随机对照试验

IF 3.1

JCPP advances

Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12243

Olivia Ojala, Hugo Hesser, Kim L. Gratz, Matthew T. Tull, Erik Hedman-Lagerlöf, Hanna Sahlin, Brjánn Ljótsson, Clara Hellner, Johan Bjureberg

Background

Despite the wide-ranging negative consequences of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), there are few evidence-based treatments for NSSI among adolescents and little is known about what treatments that work best for whom. The objective of this study was to investigate moderators (i.e., for whom a specific treatment works) and predictors (i.e., factors associated with treatment outcome independent of treatment type) of treatment outcome in a randomized clinical trial comparing internet-delivered emotion regulation individual therapy for adolescents (IERITA) plus treatment as usual (TAU) to TAU alone.

Methods

Adolescents (N = 166; mean [SD] age = 15.0 [1.2] years) with NSSI disorder were randomized to IERITA plus TAU (n = 84) or TAU-only (n = 82). Adolescent emotion regulation difficulties, suicidality, NSSI frequency, depressive symptoms, sleep difficulties, global functioning, and age, and parental invalidation, were measured pre-treatment and investigated as moderators and predictors of treatment outcome (i.e., NSSI frequency during treatment and for 4 weeks post-treatment). A zero-inflated negative binomial generalized linear mixed effects regression model was used to estimate the rate of NSSI change as a function of both treatment condition and moderator/predictor.

Results

No significant moderators of treatment outcome were found. Parental invalidation was a significant predictor of treatment outcome regardless of treatment condition, such that high levels of parental invalidation pre-treatment were associated with a less favorable NSSI frequency.

Conclusions

We did not find evidence of a differential treatment effect as a function of any of the examined client factors. Future research should investigate moderation in larger samples and with sufficient statistical power to detect moderation effects of smaller magnitude. Results suggest that parental invalidation may have a negative impact on treatment response and highlight the importance of further investigating parental invalidation in the context of NSSI treatments.

尽管非自杀性自伤（NSSI）会带来广泛的负面影响，但目前针对青少年非自杀性自伤的循证治疗方法却很少，而且人们对哪些治疗方法对哪些人最有效也知之甚少。本研究旨在调查调节因素（即特定治疗方法对哪些人有效）和预测因素（即与治疗结果相关的、与治疗方法无关的因素）、患有 NSSI 障碍的青少年（人数 = 166；平均 [SD] 年龄 = 15.0 [1.2] 岁）被随机分配到 IERITA+ TAU（人数 = 84）或 TAU-only（人数 = 82）。治疗前对青少年情绪调节困难、自杀倾向、NSSI频率、抑郁症状、睡眠困难、整体功能和年龄以及父母的无效性进行了测量，并将其作为治疗结果（即治疗期间和治疗后4周内的NSSI频率）的调节因素和预测因素进行研究。采用零膨胀负二项广义线性混合效应回归模型来估计 NSSI 变化率与治疗条件和调节因子/预测因子的函数关系。无论治疗条件如何，父母的无效性都是治疗结果的重要预测因素，因此治疗前父母的高无效性与较低的 NSSI 频率相关。未来的研究应该在更大的样本中对调节作用进行调查，并且要有足够的统计能力来检测较小程度的调节作用。研究结果表明，父母的无效性可能会对治疗反应产生负面影响，并强调了在NSSI治疗中进一步调查父母无效性的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Maternal psychological distress and temperament traits in children from infancy to late childhood 从婴儿期到儿童后期，母亲的心理困扰与儿童的气质特征

IF 3.1

JCPP advances

Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12242

Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen, Anna Lähdepuro, Jari Lahti, Polina Girchenko, Riikka Pyhälä, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Pia M. Villa, Hannele Laivuori, Eero Kajantie, Kati Heinonen, Katri Räikkönen

Background

Maternal psychological distress during pregnancy is associated with infant temperament. Whether associations persist into late childhood, whether maternal distress is associated with temperament change from infancy to late childhood, whether associations are independent of maternal concurrent distress, and whether maternal distress has sensitive exposure periods on child temperament remain unclear.

Methods

Our study includes mother-child dyads from Finnish, prospective Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction study. The mothers completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, State Anxiety Inventory and Perceived Stress Scale: biweekly up to 14 times during pregnancy; once in infancy (at child age 4–12 months); and once in late childhood (at child age 7–11 years). They also completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire Revised at the infancy (n = 2538) and Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire at the late childhood (n = 2004; 1693 children had data at both follow-ups) follow-up on child negative affectivity, extraversion and effortful control. We examined the associations of maternal distress with child temperament with linear regression, linear mixed and Bayesian relevant lifecourse exposure models.

Results

Maternal distress during pregnancy was associated with higher negative affectivity and lower effortful control in children in infancy and late childhood. Maternal distress during pregnancy was also associated with increases in negative affectivity, decreases in effortful Control, and smaller decreases in extraversion from infancy to late childhood. The associations with late childhood temperament and temperament change were independent of maternal concurrent distress. Late childhood was a sensitive period for lifetime-to-date effects of maternal distress on late childhood negative affectivity and effortful control. Distress during pregnancy and infancy had smaller contributions.

Conclusions

Maternal psychological distress during pregnancy is associated with individual differences and change in child temperament from infancy to late childhood. However, distress during pregnancy has a smaller effect on late childhood temperament than maternal concurrent distress.

孕期母亲的心理困扰与婴儿的气质有关。我们的研究包括芬兰前瞻性先兆子痫和宫内生长受限预测与预防研究中的母子二人组。母亲们填写了流行病学研究中心的抑郁量表、状态焦虑量表和知觉压力量表：怀孕期间每两周一次，最多 14 次；婴儿期（孩子 4-12 个月时）一次；儿童后期（孩子 7-11 岁时）一次。他们还在婴儿期（n = 2538）完成了婴儿行为问卷修订版，在儿童后期（n = 2004；1693 名儿童在两次随访中都有数据）完成了儿童性情问卷，对儿童的消极情绪、外向性和努力控制能力进行了随访。我们采用线性回归、线性混合和贝叶斯相关生命历程暴露模型研究了母亲窘迫与儿童气质的关系。从婴儿期到童年晚期，母亲在怀孕期间的痛苦也与孩子消极情绪的增加、努力控制能力的下降以及外向性的较小下降有关。儿童晚期的气质和气质变化与母亲同时面临的困境无关。儿童晚期是母亲的痛苦对儿童晚期负性情感和努力控制产生终生影响的敏感期。母亲在怀孕期间的心理困扰与个体差异以及儿童从婴儿期到儿童晚期的气质变化有关。然而，孕期心理困扰对儿童晚期气质的影响要小于母体同时存在的心理困扰。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in parental attitudes toward attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder impairment over time 父母对注意力缺陷/多动障碍损害的态度随时间的推移而变化

IF 3.1

JCPP advances

Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12238

Miguel Garcia-Argibay, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Sebastian Lundström, Paul Lichtenstein, Samuele Cortese, Henrik Larsson

Background

Over the last decades, the prevalence of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has increased. However, the underlying explanation for this increase remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether there has been a secular change in how parents perceive the impairment conferred by ADHD symptomatology.

Methods

Data for this study were obtained from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, involving 27,240 individuals whose parents answered a questionnaire when the children were 9 years old. We assessed the relationship between parentally perceived impairment caused by ADHD symptoms scores over time. The analysis was performed separately for five different birth cohorts, spanning three-year periods from 1995 to 2009 and for ADHD inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity dimensions.

Results

We found a consistent upward trend of parents reporting impairment in relation to ADHD symptomatology across birth cohorts. Over a 12-year period, comparing those born 2007–2009 (assessed 2016–2018) with those born 1995–1997 (assessed 2004–2006), impairment scores increased by 27% at clinically relevant levels of ADHD symptomatology. Notably, when specifically evaluating the hyperactivity/impulsivity dimension, the disparity was even more striking, with an increase of up to 77%.

Conclusions

This study revealed a significant secular change in parental perception of impairment attributed to ADHD symptomatology over recent decades, providing new insights into the increased prevalence of ADHD. It underscores the need to better understand the factors that have contributed to the increased perception of impairment related to ADHD symptoms.

背景过去几十年来，注意力缺陷/多动症（ADHD）的发病率不断上升。然而，这种增长的根本原因仍不清楚。我们的目的是评估父母对注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状所造成的损害的看法是否发生了长期变化。本研究的数据来自瑞典的儿童和青少年双胞胎研究（Child and Adolescent Twin Study），涉及 27,240 人，他们的父母在孩子 9 岁时回答了问卷。我们评估了父母对多动症症状造成的损害的感知得分随时间变化的关系。该分析针对 1995 年至 2009 年三年期间的五个不同出生队列以及注意力不集中多动症和多动/冲动多动症两个维度分别进行。结果我们发现，在不同的出生组群中，父母报告多动症症状受损的比例呈持续上升趋势。在 12 年的时间里，将 2007-2009 年出生的儿童（评估时间为 2016-2018 年）与 1995-1997 年出生的儿童（评估时间为 2004-2006 年）进行比较，发现在临床相关的多动症状水平上，损伤得分增加了 27%。值得注意的是，在具体评估多动/冲动维度时，差距更为显著，增幅高达 77%。结论本研究揭示了近几十年来家长对多动症症状损害的认知发生了重大的世俗变化，为了解多动症患病率的增加提供了新的视角。它强调有必要更好地了解导致与多动症症状相关的损伤感增加的因素。

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引用次数: 0

On the value of meta-research for early career researchers: A commentary 关于元研究对早期职业研究人员的价值：评论

IF 3.1

JCPP advances

Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12235

Nicholas Fabiano, Arnav Gupta, Jess G. Fiedorowicz, Marco Solmi

Meta-research, also known as “research on research” is a field of study that investigates the methods, reporting, reproducibility, evaluation, and incentives along the research continuum. Meta-research literacy is imperative to ensure high quality, transparent and reproducible primary data or meta-research products. In this commentary, we propose that early career researchers should be trained in meta-research as a foundation to develop a deeper understanding of the research process and ability to appraise the research literature and design high-quality original studies, irrespective of their chosen field of study. We discuss the importance of meta-research and open science from the perspective of an early career trainee, highlighting essential areas for growth and obstacles one may encounter.

元研究，又称 "关于研究的研究"，是一个研究方法、报告、可复制性、评估和激励机制的研究领域。元研究素养对于确保高质量、透明和可复制的原始数据或元研究产品至关重要。在这篇评论中，我们建议，无论选择哪个研究领域，早期职业研究人员都应接受元研究培训，以此为基础，加深对研究过程的理解，提高评估研究文献和设计高质量原创研究的能力。我们从职业生涯早期受训人员的角度讨论了元研究和开放科学的重要性，强调了成长的基本领域和可能遇到的障碍。

引用次数: 0

How to optimize the systematic review process using AI tools 如何利用人工智能工具优化系统性审查流程

IF 3.1

JCPP advances

Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12234

Nicholas Fabiano, Arnav Gupta, Nishaant Bhambra, Brandon Luu, Stanley Wong, Muhammad Maaz, Jess G. Fiedorowicz, Andrew L. Smith, Marco Solmi

Systematic reviews are a cornerstone for synthesizing the available evidence on a given topic. They simultaneously allow for gaps in the literature to be identified and provide direction for future research. However, due to the ever-increasing volume and complexity of the available literature, traditional methods for conducting systematic reviews are less efficient and more time-consuming. Numerous artificial intelligence (AI) tools are being released with the potential to optimize efficiency in academic writing and assist with various stages of the systematic review process including developing and refining search strategies, screening titles and abstracts for inclusion or exclusion criteria, extracting essential data from studies and summarizing findings. Therefore, in this article we provide an overview of the currently available tools and how they can be incorporated into the systematic review process to improve efficiency and quality of research synthesis. We emphasize that authors must report all AI tools that have been used at each stage to ensure replicability as part of reporting in methods.

系统综述是综合特定主题现有证据的基石。同时，系统综述还能发现文献中的不足，为未来研究提供方向。然而，由于现有文献的数量和复杂性不断增加，进行系统综述的传统方法效率较低且耗时较长。大量人工智能（AI）工具的发布有可能优化学术写作的效率，并在系统综述过程的各个阶段提供帮助，包括制定和完善检索策略、根据纳入或排除标准筛选标题和摘要、从研究中提取重要数据以及总结研究结果。因此，我们在本文中概述了当前可用的工具，以及如何将这些工具纳入系统综述流程，以提高研究综述的效率和质量。我们强调，作为方法报告的一部分，作者必须报告每个阶段使用的所有人工智能工具，以确保可复制性。

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引用次数: 0