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Attitudes of Swedish Language Twitter Users Toward COVID-19 Vaccination: Exploratory Qualitative Study. 瑞典语推特用户对COVID-19疫苗接种的态度:探索性质的研究
Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2196/42357
Safwat Beirakdar, Leon Klingborg, Sibylle Herzig van Wees
Background Social media have played an important role in shaping COVID-19 vaccine choices during the pandemic. Understanding people’s attitudes toward the vaccine as expressed on social media can help address the concerns of vaccine-hesitant individuals. Objective The aim of this study was to understand the attitudes of Swedish-speaking Twitter users toward COVID-19 vaccines. Methods This was an exploratory qualitative study that used a social media–listening approach. Between January and March 2022, a total of 2877 publicly available tweets in Swedish were systematically extracted from Twitter. A deductive thematic analysis was conducted using the World Health Organization’s 3C model (confidence, complacency, and convenience). Results Confidence in the safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine appeared to be a major concern expressed on Twitter. Unclear governmental strategies in managing the pandemic in Sweden and the belief in conspiracy theories have further influenced negative attitudes toward vaccines. Complacency—the perceived risk of COVID-19 was low and booster vaccination was unnecessary; many expressed trust in natural immunity. Convenience—in terms of accessing the right information and the vaccine—highlighted a knowledge gap about the benefits and necessity of the vaccine, as well as complaints about the quality of vaccination services. Conclusions Swedish-speaking Twitter users in this study had negative attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines, particularly booster vaccines. We identified attitudes toward vaccines and misinformation, indicating that social media monitoring can help policy makers respond by developing proactive health communication interventions.
背景:在大流行期间,社交媒体在塑造COVID-19疫苗选择方面发挥了重要作用。了解人们在社交媒体上表达的对疫苗的态度可以帮助解决对疫苗犹豫不决的个人的担忧。目的:本研究旨在了解瑞典语Twitter用户对COVID-19疫苗的态度。方法:这是一项探索性质的研究,使用了社交媒体倾听的方法。在2022年1月至3月期间,共有2877条瑞典语的公开推文被系统地从Twitter中提取出来。使用世界卫生组织的3C模型(信心、自满和便利)进行了演绎专题分析。结果:对COVID-19疫苗的安全性和有效性的信心似乎是推特上表达的主要担忧。在瑞典,政府管理大流行的战略不明确以及对阴谋论的信仰进一步影响了对疫苗的负面态度。自满——感知COVID-19风险较低,无需加强疫苗接种;许多人表示相信自然免疫。便利性——就获取正确的信息和疫苗而言——突出了关于疫苗的益处和必要性的知识差距,以及对疫苗接种服务质量的抱怨。结论:本研究中讲瑞典语的Twitter用户对COVID-19疫苗,特别是加强疫苗持消极态度。我们确定了对疫苗和错误信息的态度,表明社交媒体监测可以通过制定积极的健康沟通干预措施来帮助政策制定者做出反应。
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引用次数: 1
State and Federal Legislators' Responses on Social Media to the Mental Health and Burnout of Health Care Workers Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: Natural Language Processing and Sentiment Analysis. 州和联邦立法者在社交媒体上对COVID-19大流行期间医护人员心理健康和职业倦怠的回应:自然语言处理和情感分析。
Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2196/38676
Matthew P Abrams, Arthur P Pelullo, Zachary F Meisel, Raina M Merchant, Jonathan Purtle, Anish K Agarwal

Background: Burnout and the mental health burden of the COVID-19 pandemic have disproportionately impacted health care workers. The links between state policies, federal regulations, COVID-19 case counts, strains on health care systems, and the mental health of health care workers continue to evolve. The language used by state and federal legislators in public-facing venues such as social media is important, as it impacts public opinion and behavior, and it also reflects current policy-leader opinions and planned legislation.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine legislators' social media content on Twitter and Facebook throughout the COVID-19 pandemic to thematically characterize policy makers' attitudes and perspectives related to mental health and burnout in the health care workforce.

Methods: Legislators' social media posts about mental health and burnout in the health care workforce were collected from January 2020 to November 2021 using Quorum, a digital database of policy-related documents. The total number of relevant social media posts per state legislator per calendar month was calculated and compared with COVID-19 case volume. Differences between themes expressed in Democratic and Republican posts were estimated using the Pearson chi-square test. Words within social media posts most associated with each political party were determined. Machine-learning was used to evaluate naturally occurring themes in the burnout- and mental health-related social media posts.

Results: A total of 4165 social media posts (1400 tweets and 2765 Facebook posts) were generated by 2047 unique state and federal legislators and 38 government entities. The majority of posts (n=2319, 55.68%) were generated by Democrats, followed by Republicans (n=1600, 40.34%). Among both parties, the volume of burnout-related posts was greatest during the initial COVID-19 surge. However, there was significant variation in the themes expressed by the 2 major political parties. Themes most correlated with Democratic posts were (1) frontline care and burnout, (2) vaccines, (3) COVID-19 outbreaks, and (4) mental health services. Themes most correlated with Republican social media posts were (1) legislation, (2) call for local action, (3) government support, and (4) health care worker testing and mental health.

Conclusions: State and federal legislators use social media to share opinions and thoughts on key topics, including burnout and mental health strain among health care workers. Variations in the volume of posts indicated that a focus on burnout and the mental health of the health care workforce existed early in the pandemic but has waned. Significant differences emerged in the content posted by the 2 major US political parties, underscoring how each prioritized different aspects of the crisis.

背景:COVID-19大流行造成的职业倦怠和精神健康负担对卫生保健工作者的影响不成比例。州政策、联邦法规、COVID-19病例数、卫生保健系统压力以及卫生保健工作者心理健康之间的联系继续演变。州和联邦立法者在社交媒体等面向公众的场所使用的语言很重要,因为它影响公众舆论和行为,也反映了当前政策领导人的意见和计划立法。目的:本研究的目的是研究立法者在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间在Twitter和Facebook上的社交媒体内容,以主题方式表征政策制定者对卫生保健人员心理健康和职业倦怠的态度和观点。方法:使用Quorum(一个政策相关文件的数字数据库)收集2020年1月至2021年11月立法者关于卫生保健人员心理健康和职业倦怠的社交媒体帖子。计算每个州议员每个日历月的相关社交媒体帖子总数,并将其与COVID-19病例数进行比较。民主党和共和党帖子中表达的主题之间的差异使用Pearson卡方检验进行估计。研究人员确定了社交媒体帖子中与每个政党最相关的词汇。机器学习被用来评估与倦怠和心理健康有关的社交媒体帖子中自然发生的主题。结果:共有4165条社交媒体帖子(1400条tweet和2765条Facebook帖子)由2047位独特的州和联邦立法者以及38个政府实体生成。大多数帖子(n=2319, 55.68%)来自民主党,其次是共和党(n=1600, 40.34%)。在两党中,与倦怠相关的帖子数量在COVID-19最初激增期间最多。然而,两大政党所表达的主题有很大差异。与民主党职位最相关的主题是(1)一线护理和倦怠,(2)疫苗,(3)COVID-19疫情,(4)心理健康服务。与共和党社交媒体帖子最相关的主题是(1)立法,(2)呼吁地方行动,(3)政府支持,(4)卫生保健工作者检测和心理健康。结论:州和联邦立法者利用社交媒体分享对关键话题的看法和想法,包括卫生保健工作者的倦怠和精神健康压力。员额数量的变化表明,在大流行早期就存在对卫生保健工作人员的倦怠和心理健康的关注,但现在已经减弱。美国两大主要政党发布的内容出现了显著差异,突显出各自对危机的不同优先考虑。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19-Associated Misinformation Across the South Asian Diaspora: Qualitative Study of WhatsApp Messages. 南亚侨民中与covid -19相关的错误信息:WhatsApp消息的定性研究
Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2196/38607
Anjana E Sharma, Kiran Khosla, Kameswari Potharaju, Arnab Mukherjea, Urmimala Sarkar
<p><strong>Background: </strong>South Asians, inclusive of individuals originating in India, Pakistan, Maldives, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and Nepal, comprise the largest diaspora in the world, with large South Asian communities residing in the Caribbean, Africa, Europe, and elsewhere. There is evidence that South Asian communities have disproportionately experienced COVID-19 infections and mortality. WhatsApp, a free messaging app, is widely used in transnational communication within the South Asian diaspora. Limited studies exist on COVID-19-related misinformation specific to the South Asian community on WhatsApp. Understanding communication on WhatsApp may improve public health messaging to address COVID-19 disparities among South Asian communities worldwide.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We developed the COVID-19-Associated misinfoRmation On Messaging apps (CAROM) study to identify messages containing misinformation about COVID-19 shared via WhatsApp.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected messages forwarded globally through WhatsApp from self-identified South Asian community members between March 23 and June 3, 2021. We excluded messages that were in languages other than English, did not contain misinformation, or were not relevant to COVID-19. We deidentified each message and coded them for one or more content categories, media types (eg, video, image, text, web link, or a combination of these elements), and tone (eg, fearful, well intentioned, or pleading). We then performed a qualitative content analysis to arrive at key themes of COVID-19 misinformation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We received 108 messages; 55 messages met the inclusion criteria for the final analytic sample; 32 (58%) contained text, 15 (27%) contained images, and 13 (24%) contained video. Content analysis revealed the following themes: "community transmission" relating to misinformation on how COVID-19 spreads in the community; "prevention" and "treatment," including Ayurvedic and traditional remedies for how to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection; and messaging attempting to sell "products or services" to prevent or cure COVID-19. Messages varied in audience from the general public to South Asians specifically; the latter included messages alluding to South Asian pride and solidarity. Scientific jargon and references to major organizations and leaders in health care were included to provide credibility. Messages with a pleading tone encouraged users to forward them to friends or family.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Misinformation in the South Asian community on WhatsApp spreads erroneous ideas regarding disease transmission, prevention, and treatment. Content evoking solidarity, "trustworthy" sources, and encouragement to forward messages may increase the spread of misinformation. Public health outlets and social media companies must actively combat misinformation to address health disparities among the South Asian diaspora during the COVID-19
背景:南亚人,包括来自印度、巴基斯坦、马尔代夫、孟加拉国、斯里兰卡、不丹和尼泊尔的人,构成了世界上最大的散居群体,在加勒比、非洲、欧洲和其他地方居住着大量的南亚社区。有证据表明,南亚社区的COVID-19感染和死亡率过高。WhatsApp是一款免费的即时通讯应用,广泛用于南亚侨民的跨国交流。关于WhatsApp上南亚社区特有的与covid -19相关的错误信息的研究有限。了解WhatsApp上的沟通可以改善公共卫生信息,以解决全球南亚社区之间的COVID-19差异。目的:我们开展了与COVID-19相关的消息应用程序错误信息(CAROM)研究,以识别通过WhatsApp共享的包含COVID-19错误信息的消息。方法:我们收集了2021年3月23日至6月3日期间通过WhatsApp在全球范围内转发的自定义南亚社区成员的消息。我们排除了非英语、不包含错误信息或与COVID-19无关的信息。我们对每条信息进行识别,并将其编码为一个或多个内容类别、媒体类型(如视频、图像、文本、网络链接或这些元素的组合)和语气(如恐惧、善意或恳求)。然后,我们进行了定性内容分析,以得出COVID-19错误信息的关键主题。结果:收到留言108条;55条信息符合最终分析样本的纳入标准;32份(58%)包含文本,15份(27%)包含图像,13份(24%)包含视频。内容分析揭示了以下主题:“社区传播”,即关于COVID-19如何在社区传播的错误信息;“预防”和“治疗”,包括如何预防或治疗COVID-19感染的阿育吠陀和传统疗法;以及试图出售预防或治愈COVID-19的“产品或服务”的信息。信息的受众从普通大众到南亚人各不相同;后者包含暗示南亚自豪和团结的信息。科学术语和对卫生保健领域主要组织和领导人的参考资料被包括在内,以提供可信度。带有恳求语气的信息鼓励用户转发给朋友或家人。结论:南亚社区在WhatsApp上的错误信息传播了关于疾病传播、预防和治疗的错误观念。唤起团结的内容、“值得信赖”的消息来源以及鼓励转发信息可能会增加错误信息的传播。公共卫生机构和社交媒体公司必须积极打击错误信息,以解决2019冠状病毒病大流行期间和未来突发公共卫生事件中南亚侨民之间的健康差距。
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引用次数: 1
The Early Detection of Fraudulent COVID-19 Products From Twitter Chatter: Data Set and Baseline Approach Using Anomaly Detection. 从Twitter聊天中早期检测欺诈性COVID-19产品:使用异常检测的数据集和基线方法
Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2196/43694
Abeed Sarker, Sahithi Lakamana, Ruqi Liao, Aamir Abbas, Yuan-Chi Yang, Mohammed Al-Garadi

Background: Social media has served as a lucrative platform for spreading misinformation and for promoting fraudulent products for the treatment, testing, and prevention of COVID-19. This has resulted in the issuance of many warning letters by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). While social media continues to serve as the primary platform for the promotion of such fraudulent products, it also presents the opportunity to identify these products early by using effective social media mining methods.

Objective: Our objectives were to (1) create a data set of fraudulent COVID-19 products that can be used for future research and (2) propose a method using data from Twitter for automatically detecting heavily promoted COVID-19 products early.

Methods: We created a data set from FDA-issued warnings during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We used natural language processing and time-series anomaly detection methods for automatically detecting fraudulent COVID-19 products early from Twitter. Our approach is based on the intuition that increases in the popularity of fraudulent products lead to corresponding anomalous increases in the volume of chatter regarding them. We compared the anomaly signal generation date for each product with the corresponding FDA letter issuance date. We also performed a brief manual analysis of chatter associated with 2 products to characterize their contents.

Results: FDA warning issue dates ranged from March 6, 2020, to June 22, 2021, and 44 key phrases representing fraudulent products were included. From 577,872,350 posts made between February 19 and December 31, 2020, which are all publicly available, our unsupervised approach detected 34 out of 44 (77.3%) signals about fraudulent products earlier than the FDA letter issuance dates, and an additional 6 (13.6%) within a week following the corresponding FDA letters. Content analysis revealed misinformation, information, political, and conspiracy theories to be prominent topics.

Conclusions: Our proposed method is simple, effective, easy to deploy, and does not require high-performance computing machinery unlike deep neural network-based methods. The method can be easily extended to other types of signal detection from social media data. The data set may be used for future research and the development of more advanced methods.

背景:社交媒体已经成为传播错误信息和推广用于治疗、检测和预防COVID-19的欺诈性产品的有利可图的平台。这导致美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)发出了许多警告信。虽然社交媒体仍然是推广此类欺诈性产品的主要平台,但它也提供了通过有效的社交媒体挖掘方法及早识别这些产品的机会。目的:我们的目标是(1)创建一个欺诈性COVID-19产品的数据集,可用于未来的研究;(2)提出一种使用Twitter数据的方法,用于早期自动检测大力推广的COVID-19产品。方法:我们创建了一个数据集,该数据集来自fda在COVID-19大流行的最初几个月发布的警告。我们使用自然语言处理和时间序列异常检测方法来自动检测Twitter上的虚假COVID-19产品。我们的方法是基于这样一种直觉,即欺诈性产品的普及程度的增加会导致与之相关的聊天量的相应异常增加。我们将每种产品的异常信号产生日期与相应的FDA信函发布日期进行了比较。我们还对与2种产品相关的颤振进行了简短的手工分析,以表征其内容。结果:FDA警告发布日期为2020年3月6日至2021年6月22日,其中包括44个代表欺诈产品的关键短语。从2020年2月19日至12月31日期间公开发布的577,872,350个帖子中,我们的无监督方法在FDA信函发布日期之前检测到44个(77.3%)关于欺诈性产品的信号,另外6个(13.6%)在相应的FDA信函发布后一周内检测到。内容分析显示,错误信息、信息、政治和阴谋论是突出的话题。结论:我们提出的方法简单、有效、易于部署,并且不像基于深度神经网络的方法那样需要高性能的计算机器。该方法可以很容易地扩展到其他类型的社交媒体数据信号检测。该数据集可用于未来的研究和开发更先进的方法。
{"title":"The Early Detection of Fraudulent COVID-19 Products From Twitter Chatter: Data Set and Baseline Approach Using Anomaly Detection.","authors":"Abeed Sarker,&nbsp;Sahithi Lakamana,&nbsp;Ruqi Liao,&nbsp;Aamir Abbas,&nbsp;Yuan-Chi Yang,&nbsp;Mohammed Al-Garadi","doi":"10.2196/43694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/43694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social media has served as a lucrative platform for spreading misinformation and for promoting fraudulent products for the treatment, testing, and prevention of COVID-19. This has resulted in the issuance of many warning letters by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). While social media continues to serve as the primary platform for the promotion of such fraudulent products, it also presents the opportunity to identify these products early by using effective social media mining methods.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our objectives were to (1) create a data set of fraudulent COVID-19 products that can be used for future research and (2) propose a method using data from Twitter for automatically detecting heavily promoted COVID-19 products early.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We created a data set from FDA-issued warnings during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We used natural language processing and time-series anomaly detection methods for automatically detecting fraudulent COVID-19 products early from Twitter. Our approach is based on the intuition that increases in the popularity of fraudulent products lead to corresponding anomalous increases in the volume of chatter regarding them. We compared the anomaly signal generation date for each product with the corresponding FDA letter issuance date. We also performed a brief manual analysis of chatter associated with 2 products to characterize their contents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FDA warning issue dates ranged from March 6, 2020, to June 22, 2021, and 44 key phrases representing fraudulent products were included. From 577,872,350 posts made between February 19 and December 31, 2020, which are all publicly available, our unsupervised approach detected 34 out of 44 (77.3%) signals about fraudulent products earlier than the FDA letter issuance dates, and an additional 6 (13.6%) within a week following the corresponding FDA letters. Content analysis revealed <i>misinformation</i>, <i>information</i>, <i>political,</i> and <i>conspiracy theories</i> to be prominent topics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our proposed method is simple, effective, easy to deploy, and does not require high-performance computing machinery unlike deep neural network-based methods. The method can be easily extended to other types of signal detection from social media data. The data set may be used for future research and the development of more advanced methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":73554,"journal":{"name":"JMIR infodemiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"e43694"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10131818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9733176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring the Burden of Infodemics: Summary of the Methods and Results of the Fifth WHO Infodemic Management Conference. 衡量信息流行病的负担:第五届世卫组织信息流行病管理会议的方法和结果摘要。
Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2196/44207
Elisabeth Wilhelm, Isabella Ballalai, Marie-Eve Belanger, Peter Benjamin, Catherine Bertrand-Ferrandis, Supriya Bezbaruah, Sylvie Briand, Ian Brooks, Richard Bruns, Lucie M Bucci, Neville Calleja, Howard Chiou, Abhinav Devaria, Lorena Dini, Hyjel D'Souza, Adam G Dunn, Johannes C Eichstaedt, Silvia M A A Evers, Nina Gobat, Mika Gissler, Ian Christian Gonzales, Anatoliy Gruzd, Sarah Hess, Atsuyoshi Ishizumi, Oommen John, Ashish Joshi, Benjamin Kaluza, Nagwa Khamis, Monika Kosinska, Shibani Kulkarni, Dimitra Lingri, Ramona Ludolph, Tim Mackey, Stefan Mandić-Rajčević, Filippo Menczer, Vijaybabu Mudaliar, Shruti Murthy, Syed Nazakat, Tim Nguyen, Jennifer Nilsen, Elena Pallari, Natalia Pasternak Taschner, Elena Petelos, Mitchell J Prinstein, Jon Roozenbeek, Anton Schneider, Varadharajan Srinivasan, Aleksandar Stevanović, Brigitte Strahwald, Shabbir Syed Abdul, Sandra Varaidzo Machiri, Sander van der Linden, Christopher Voegeli, Claire Wardle, Odette Wegwarth, Becky K White, Estelle Willie, Brian Yau, Tina D Purnat
<p><strong>Background: </strong>An infodemic is excess information, including false or misleading information, that spreads in digital and physical environments during a public health emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by an unprecedented global infodemic that has led to confusion about the benefits of medical and public health interventions, with substantial impact on risk-taking and health-seeking behaviors, eroding trust in health authorities and compromising the effectiveness of public health responses and policies. Standardized measures are needed to quantify the harmful impacts of the infodemic in a systematic and methodologically robust manner, as well as harmonizing highly divergent approaches currently explored for this purpose. This can serve as a foundation for a systematic, evidence-based approach to monitoring, identifying, and mitigating future infodemic harms in emergency preparedness and prevention.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this paper, we summarize the Fifth World Health Organization (WHO) Infodemic Management Conference structure, proceedings, outcomes, and proposed actions seeking to identify the interdisciplinary approaches and frameworks needed to enable the measurement of the burden of infodemics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An iterative human-centered design (HCD) approach and concept mapping were used to facilitate focused discussions and allow for the generation of actionable outcomes and recommendations. The discussions included 86 participants representing diverse scientific disciplines and health authorities from 28 countries across all WHO regions, along with observers from civil society and global public health-implementing partners. A thematic map capturing the concepts matching the key contributing factors to the public health burden of infodemics was used throughout the conference to frame and contextualize discussions. Five key areas for immediate action were identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 5 key areas for the development of metrics to assess the burden of infodemics and associated interventions included (1) developing standardized definitions and ensuring the adoption thereof; (2) improving the map of concepts influencing the burden of infodemics; (3) conducting a review of evidence, tools, and data sources; (4) setting up a technical working group; and (5) addressing immediate priorities for postpandemic recovery and resilience building. The summary report consolidated group input toward a common vocabulary with standardized terms, concepts, study designs, measures, and tools to estimate the burden of infodemics and the effectiveness of infodemic management interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Standardizing measurement is the basis for documenting the burden of infodemics on health systems and population health during emergencies. Investment is needed into the development of practical, affordable, evidence-based, and systematic methods that are leg
背景:信息流行病是指突发公共卫生事件期间在数字和物理环境中传播的过量信息,包括虚假或误导性信息。COVID-19大流行伴随着前所未有的全球信息大流行,导致人们对医疗和公共卫生干预措施的好处感到困惑,对冒险和寻求健康的行为产生了重大影响,侵蚀了对卫生当局的信任,损害了公共卫生应对措施和政策的有效性。需要采取标准化措施,以系统和方法上可靠的方式量化信息传播的有害影响,并协调目前为此目的探索的高度不同的方法。这可以作为在应急准备和预防中采用系统的、基于证据的方法监测、识别和减轻未来信息流行病危害的基础。目的:在本文中,我们总结了第五届世界卫生组织(世卫组织)信息流行病管理会议的结构、会议记录、成果和拟议行动,旨在确定能够衡量信息流行病负担所需的跨学科方法和框架。方法:采用迭代的以人为中心的设计(HCD)方法和概念映射来促进重点讨论,并允许产生可操作的结果和建议。参加讨论的有来自世卫组织所有区域28个国家的不同科学学科和卫生当局的86名与会者,以及民间社会和全球公共卫生实施伙伴的观察员。在整个会议期间,使用了一张专题地图,其中包含了与信息传染病造成公共卫生负担的关键促成因素相匹配的概念,以确定讨论的框架和背景。确定了需要立即采取行动的五个关键领域。结果:制定评估信息流行病负担和相关干预措施的指标的5个关键领域包括:(1)制定标准化定义并确保其采用;(2)改进影响信息流行病负担的概念地图;(3)对证据、工具和数据来源进行审查;(四)成立技术工作组;(5)解决大流行后恢复和复原力建设的当务之急。摘要报告将小组投入整合为一个通用词汇,包括标准化的术语、概念、研究设计、测量和工具,以估计信息流行病的负担和信息流行病管理干预措施的有效性。结论:标准化测量是记录突发事件期间卫生系统和人口健康的信息流行病负担的基础。需要投资开发实用的、负担得起的、以证据为基础的系统方法,这些方法在法律上和道德上都是平衡的,用于监测信息流行病;生成诊断、信息见解和建议;为信息管理人员和应急项目管理人员制定干预措施、面向行动的指导、政策、支持方案、机制和工具。
{"title":"Measuring the Burden of Infodemics: Summary of the Methods and Results of the Fifth WHO Infodemic Management Conference.","authors":"Elisabeth Wilhelm,&nbsp;Isabella Ballalai,&nbsp;Marie-Eve Belanger,&nbsp;Peter Benjamin,&nbsp;Catherine Bertrand-Ferrandis,&nbsp;Supriya Bezbaruah,&nbsp;Sylvie Briand,&nbsp;Ian Brooks,&nbsp;Richard Bruns,&nbsp;Lucie M Bucci,&nbsp;Neville Calleja,&nbsp;Howard Chiou,&nbsp;Abhinav Devaria,&nbsp;Lorena Dini,&nbsp;Hyjel D'Souza,&nbsp;Adam G Dunn,&nbsp;Johannes C Eichstaedt,&nbsp;Silvia M A A Evers,&nbsp;Nina Gobat,&nbsp;Mika Gissler,&nbsp;Ian Christian Gonzales,&nbsp;Anatoliy Gruzd,&nbsp;Sarah Hess,&nbsp;Atsuyoshi Ishizumi,&nbsp;Oommen John,&nbsp;Ashish Joshi,&nbsp;Benjamin Kaluza,&nbsp;Nagwa Khamis,&nbsp;Monika Kosinska,&nbsp;Shibani Kulkarni,&nbsp;Dimitra Lingri,&nbsp;Ramona Ludolph,&nbsp;Tim Mackey,&nbsp;Stefan Mandić-Rajčević,&nbsp;Filippo Menczer,&nbsp;Vijaybabu Mudaliar,&nbsp;Shruti Murthy,&nbsp;Syed Nazakat,&nbsp;Tim Nguyen,&nbsp;Jennifer Nilsen,&nbsp;Elena Pallari,&nbsp;Natalia Pasternak Taschner,&nbsp;Elena Petelos,&nbsp;Mitchell J Prinstein,&nbsp;Jon Roozenbeek,&nbsp;Anton Schneider,&nbsp;Varadharajan Srinivasan,&nbsp;Aleksandar Stevanović,&nbsp;Brigitte Strahwald,&nbsp;Shabbir Syed Abdul,&nbsp;Sandra Varaidzo Machiri,&nbsp;Sander van der Linden,&nbsp;Christopher Voegeli,&nbsp;Claire Wardle,&nbsp;Odette Wegwarth,&nbsp;Becky K White,&nbsp;Estelle Willie,&nbsp;Brian Yau,&nbsp;Tina D Purnat","doi":"10.2196/44207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/44207","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;An infodemic is excess information, including false or misleading information, that spreads in digital and physical environments during a public health emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by an unprecedented global infodemic that has led to confusion about the benefits of medical and public health interventions, with substantial impact on risk-taking and health-seeking behaviors, eroding trust in health authorities and compromising the effectiveness of public health responses and policies. Standardized measures are needed to quantify the harmful impacts of the infodemic in a systematic and methodologically robust manner, as well as harmonizing highly divergent approaches currently explored for this purpose. This can serve as a foundation for a systematic, evidence-based approach to monitoring, identifying, and mitigating future infodemic harms in emergency preparedness and prevention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;In this paper, we summarize the Fifth World Health Organization (WHO) Infodemic Management Conference structure, proceedings, outcomes, and proposed actions seeking to identify the interdisciplinary approaches and frameworks needed to enable the measurement of the burden of infodemics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;An iterative human-centered design (HCD) approach and concept mapping were used to facilitate focused discussions and allow for the generation of actionable outcomes and recommendations. The discussions included 86 participants representing diverse scientific disciplines and health authorities from 28 countries across all WHO regions, along with observers from civil society and global public health-implementing partners. A thematic map capturing the concepts matching the key contributing factors to the public health burden of infodemics was used throughout the conference to frame and contextualize discussions. Five key areas for immediate action were identified.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The 5 key areas for the development of metrics to assess the burden of infodemics and associated interventions included (1) developing standardized definitions and ensuring the adoption thereof; (2) improving the map of concepts influencing the burden of infodemics; (3) conducting a review of evidence, tools, and data sources; (4) setting up a technical working group; and (5) addressing immediate priorities for postpandemic recovery and resilience building. The summary report consolidated group input toward a common vocabulary with standardized terms, concepts, study designs, measures, and tools to estimate the burden of infodemics and the effectiveness of infodemic management interventions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Standardizing measurement is the basis for documenting the burden of infodemics on health systems and population health during emergencies. Investment is needed into the development of practical, affordable, evidence-based, and systematic methods that are leg","PeriodicalId":73554,"journal":{"name":"JMIR infodemiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"e44207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9989916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10138384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Detecting Tweets Containing Cannabidiol-Related COVID-19 Misinformation Using Transformer Language Models and Warning Letters From Food and Drug Administration: Content Analysis and Identification. 使用转换语言模型和食品和药物管理局的警告信检测含有大麻二酚相关COVID-19错误信息的推文:内容分析和识别。
Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2196/38390
Jason Turner, Mehmed Kantardzic, Rachel Vickers-Smith, Andrew G Brown

Background: COVID-19 has introduced yet another opportunity to web-based sellers of loosely regulated substances, such as cannabidiol (CBD), to promote sales under false pretenses of curing the disease. Therefore, it has become necessary to innovate ways to identify such instances of misinformation.

Objective: We sought to identify COVID-19 misinformation as it relates to the sales or promotion of CBD and used transformer-based language models to identify tweets semantically similar to quotes taken from known instances of misinformation. In this case, the known misinformation was the publicly available Warning Letters from Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Methods: We collected tweets using CBD- and COVID-19-related terms. Using a previously trained model, we extracted the tweets indicating commercialization and sales of CBD and annotated those containing COVID-19 misinformation according to the FDA definitions. We encoded the collection of tweets and misinformation quotes into sentence vectors and then calculated the cosine similarity between each quote and each tweet. This allowed us to establish a threshold to identify tweets that were making false claims regarding CBD and COVID-19 while minimizing the instances of false positives.

Results: We demonstrated that by using quotes taken from Warning Letters issued by FDA to perpetrators of similar misinformation, we can identify semantically similar tweets that also contain misinformation. This was accomplished by identifying a cosine distance threshold between the sentence vectors of the Warning Letters and tweets.

Conclusions: This research shows that commercial CBD or COVID-19 misinformation can potentially be identified and curbed using transformer-based language models and known prior instances of misinformation. Our approach functions without the need for labeled data, potentially reducing the time at which misinformation can be identified. Our approach shows promise in that it is easily adapted to identify other forms of misinformation related to loosely regulated substances.

背景:COVID-19为大麻二酚(CBD)等监管宽松物质的网络卖家提供了另一个机会,以治疗疾病为幌子促进销售。因此,有必要创新识别此类错误信息的方法。目的:我们试图识别与CBD销售或推广相关的COVID-19错误信息,并使用基于转换器的语言模型来识别语义上类似于已知错误信息实例引用的推文。在这种情况下,已知的错误信息是食品和药物管理局(FDA)公开发布的警告信。方法:我们收集使用CBD和covid -19相关术语的推文。使用先前训练过的模型,我们提取了表明CBD商业化和销售的推文,并根据FDA的定义注释了那些包含COVID-19错误信息的推文。我们将推文和错误信息引用的集合编码成句子向量,然后计算每条引用和每条推文之间的余弦相似度。这使我们能够建立一个阈值,以识别关于CBD和COVID-19的虚假声明的推文,同时最大限度地减少误报的情况。结果:我们证明,通过使用FDA向类似错误信息的肇事者发出的警告信中的引用,我们可以识别语义上相似的推文,也包含错误信息。这是通过识别警告信和推文的句子向量之间的余弦距离阈值来实现的。结论:本研究表明,使用基于转换器的语言模型和已知的先前错误信息实例,可以识别和遏制商业CBD或COVID-19错误信息。我们的方法在不需要标记数据的情况下发挥作用,潜在地减少了识别错误信息的时间。我们的方法显示出希望,因为它很容易适应于识别与松散管制物质相关的其他形式的错误信息。
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引用次数: 0
Mining Trends of COVID-19 Vaccine Beliefs on Twitter With Lexical Embeddings: Longitudinal Observational Study. 用词汇嵌入挖掘推特上COVID-19疫苗信念的趋势:纵向观察研究
Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2196/34315
Harshita Chopra, Aniket Vashishtha, Ridam Pal, Ananya Tyagi, Tavpritesh Sethi

Background: Social media plays a pivotal role in disseminating news globally and acts as a platform for people to express their opinions on various topics. A wide variety of views accompany COVID-19 vaccination drives across the globe, often colored by emotions that change along with rising cases, approval of vaccines, and multiple factors discussed online.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the temporal evolution of different emotions and the related influencing factors in tweets belonging to 5 countries with vital vaccine rollout programs, namely India, the United States, Brazil, the United Kingdom, and Australia.

Methods: We extracted a corpus of nearly 1.8 million Twitter posts related to COVID-19 vaccination and created 2 classes of lexical categories-emotions and influencing factors. Using cosine distance from selected seed words' embeddings, we expanded the vocabulary of each category and tracked the longitudinal change in their strength from June 2020 to April 2021 in each country. Community detection algorithms were used to find modules in positive correlation networks.

Results: Our findings indicated the varying relationship among emotions and influencing factors across countries. Tweets expressing hesitancy toward vaccines represented the highest mentions of health-related effects in all countries, which reduced from 41% to 39% in India. We also observed a significant change (P<.001) in the linear trends of categories like hesitation and contentment before and after approval of vaccines. After the vaccine approval, 42% of tweets coming from India and 45% of tweets from the United States represented the "vaccine_rollout" category. Negative emotions like rage and sorrow gained the highest importance in the alluvial diagram and formed a significant module with all the influencing factors in April 2021, when India observed the second wave of COVID-19 cases.

Conclusions: By extracting and visualizing these tweets, we propose that such a framework may help guide the design of effective vaccine campaigns and be used by policy makers to model vaccine uptake and targeted interventions.

背景:社交媒体在全球新闻传播中起着举足轻重的作用,它是人们就各种话题表达意见的平台。全球各地的COVID-19疫苗接种活动伴随着各种各样的观点,这些观点往往受到情绪的影响,随着病例的增加、疫苗的批准以及在线讨论的多种因素而变化。目的:本研究旨在分析印度、美国、巴西、英国和澳大利亚5个重要疫苗推广国家推文中不同情绪的时间演变及其影响因素。方法:提取近180万条与COVID-19疫苗接种相关的Twitter帖子语料库,创建2类词汇类别-情绪和影响因素。利用与选定种子词嵌入的余弦距离,我们扩展了每个类别的词汇量,并跟踪了每个国家从2020年6月到2021年4月的词汇强度的纵向变化。社区检测算法用于寻找正相关网络中的模块。结果:我们的研究结果表明,不同国家的情绪和影响因素之间存在不同的关系。在所有国家中,对疫苗表示犹豫的推文提到的与健康有关的影响最多,在印度从41%降至39%。我们还观察到一个显著的变化(p结论:通过提取和可视化这些推文,我们提出这样一个框架可能有助于指导有效疫苗运动的设计,并被政策制定者用来模拟疫苗摄取和有针对性的干预措施。
{"title":"Mining Trends of COVID-19 Vaccine Beliefs on Twitter With Lexical Embeddings: Longitudinal Observational Study.","authors":"Harshita Chopra,&nbsp;Aniket Vashishtha,&nbsp;Ridam Pal,&nbsp;Ananya Tyagi,&nbsp;Tavpritesh Sethi","doi":"10.2196/34315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/34315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social media plays a pivotal role in disseminating news globally and acts as a platform for people to express their opinions on various topics. A wide variety of views accompany COVID-19 vaccination drives across the globe, often colored by emotions that change along with rising cases, approval of vaccines, and multiple factors discussed online.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to analyze the temporal evolution of different emotions and the related influencing factors in tweets belonging to 5 countries with vital vaccine rollout programs, namely India, the United States, Brazil, the United Kingdom, and Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extracted a corpus of nearly 1.8 million Twitter posts related to COVID-19 vaccination and created 2 classes of lexical categories-emotions and influencing factors. Using cosine distance from selected seed words' embeddings, we expanded the vocabulary of each category and tracked the longitudinal change in their strength from June 2020 to April 2021 in each country. Community detection algorithms were used to find modules in positive correlation networks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings indicated the varying relationship among emotions and influencing factors across countries. Tweets expressing hesitancy toward vaccines represented the highest mentions of health-related effects in all countries, which reduced from 41% to 39% in India. We also observed a significant change (<i>P</i><.001) in the linear trends of categories like hesitation and contentment before and after approval of vaccines. After the vaccine approval, 42% of tweets coming from India and 45% of tweets from the United States represented the \"vaccine_rollout\" category. Negative emotions like rage and sorrow gained the highest importance in the alluvial diagram and formed a significant module with all the influencing factors in April 2021, when India observed the second wave of COVID-19 cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By extracting and visualizing these tweets, we propose that such a framework may help guide the design of effective vaccine campaigns and be used by policy makers to model vaccine uptake and targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73554,"journal":{"name":"JMIR infodemiology","volume":"3 ","pages":"e34315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10165720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9540500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Potential Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Perception of Water Pipes on Reddit: Observational Study. COVID-19大流行对Reddit上公众对水管认知的潜在影响:观察性研究。
Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2196/40913
Zihe Zheng, Zidian Xie, Maciej Goniewicz, Irfan Rahman, Dongmei Li

Background: Socializing is one of the main motivations for water pipe smoking. Restrictions on social gatherings during the COVID-19 pandemic might have influenced water pipe smokers' behaviors. As one of the most popular social media platforms, Reddit has been used to study public opinions and user experiences.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to examine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on public perception and discussion of water pipe tobacco smoking using Reddit data.

Methods: We collected Reddit posts between December 1, 2018, and June 30, 2021, from a Reddit archive (PushShift) using keywords such as "waterpipe," "hookah," and "shisha." We examined the temporal trend in Reddit posts mentioning water pipes and different locations (such as homes and lounges or bars). The temporal trend was further tested using interrupted time series analysis. Sentiment analysis was performed to study the change in sentiment of water pipe-related posts before and during the pandemic. Topic modeling using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) was used to examine major topics discussed in water pipe-related posts before and during the pandemic.

Results: A total of 45,765 nonpromotion water pipe-related Reddit posts were collected and used for data analysis. We found that the weekly number of Reddit posts mentioning water pipes significantly increased at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (P<.001), and gradually decreased afterward (P<.001). In contrast, Reddit posts mentioning water pipes and lounges or bars showed an opposite trend. Compared to the period before the COVID-19 pandemic, the average number of Reddit posts mentioning lounges or bars was lower at the beginning of the pandemic but gradually increased afterward, while the average number of Reddit posts mentioning the word "home" remained similar during the COVID-19 pandemic (P=.29). While water pipe-related posts with a positive sentiment were dominant (12,526/21,182, 59.14% before the pandemic; 14,686/24,583, 59.74% after the pandemic), there was no change in the proportion of water pipe-related posts with different sentiments before and during the pandemic (P=.19, P=.26, and P=.65 for positive, negative, and neutral posts, respectively). Most topics related to water pipes on Reddit were similar before and during the pandemic. There were more discussions about the opening and closing of hookah lounges or bars during the pandemic.

Conclusions: This study provides a first evaluation of the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public perceptions of and discussions about water pipes on Reddit.

背景:社交是吸烟的主要动机之一。新冠肺炎疫情期间对社交聚会的限制可能对水烟吸烟者的行为产生了影响。作为最受欢迎的社交媒体平台之一,Reddit一直被用来研究民意和用户体验。目的:在本研究中,我们旨在利用Reddit数据研究COVID-19大流行对公众对水烟吸烟的认知和讨论的影响。方法:我们从Reddit存档(PushShift)中收集了2018年12月1日至2021年6月30日期间的Reddit帖子,使用关键词如“水管”、“水烟”和“水烟”。我们研究了Reddit上提到水管和不同地点(比如家里、休息室或酒吧)的帖子的时间趋势。使用中断时间序列分析进一步检验时间趋势。进行情绪分析,研究大流行前和大流行期间水管相关帖子情绪的变化。使用潜在狄利克雷分配(LDA)的主题建模来检查大流行之前和期间在水管相关帖子中讨论的主要主题。结果:共收集了45,765条与水管相关的非推广Reddit帖子并用于数据分析。我们发现,在COVID-19大流行开始时,Reddit上每周提到水管的帖子数量显著增加(PPP= 0.29)。而积极情绪的水管相关帖子占主导地位(12,526/21,182,大流行前为59.14%;(14,686/24,583,大流行后59.74%),在大流行前和大流行期间,不同情绪的水管相关岗位所占比例没有变化(P=。19日,P =。26, P=。正面、负面和中性职位分别为65)。在大流行之前和期间,Reddit上与水管相关的大多数话题都是相似的。在大流行期间,关于水烟休息室或酒吧的开放和关闭有更多的讨论。结论:本研究首次评估了COVID-19大流行对Reddit上公众对水管的看法和讨论可能产生的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Analyzing Discussions Around Rural Health on Twitter During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Network Analysis of Twitter Data. COVID-19大流行期间Twitter上关于农村卫生的讨论分析:Twitter数据的社会网络分析
Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2196/39209
Wasim Ahmed, Josep Vidal-Alaball, Josep Maria Vilaseca Llobet

Background: Individuals from rural areas are increasingly using social media as a means of communication, receiving information, or actively complaining of inequalities and injustices.

Objective: The aim of our study is to analyze conversations about rural health taking place on Twitter during a particular phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This study captured 57 days' worth of Twitter data related to rural health from June to August 2021, using English-language keywords. The study used social network analysis and natural language processing to analyze the data.

Results: It was found that Twitter served as a fruitful platform to raise awareness of problems faced by users living in rural areas. Overall, Twitter was used in rural areas to express complaints, debate, and share information.

Conclusions: Twitter could be leveraged as a powerful social listening tool for individuals and organizations that want to gain insight into popular narratives around rural health.

背景:来自农村地区的个人越来越多地使用社交媒体作为沟通、接收信息或积极抱怨不平等和不公正的手段。目的:我们研究的目的是分析在COVID-19大流行的特定阶段在Twitter上发生的关于农村卫生的对话。方法:本研究使用英语关键词捕获了2021年6月至8月期间与农村健康相关的57天Twitter数据。该研究使用社会网络分析和自然语言处理来分析数据。结果:发现Twitter是一个富有成效的平台,可以提高农村地区用户对所面临问题的认识。总的来说,Twitter在农村地区被用来表达抱怨、辩论和分享信息。结论:Twitter可以作为一个强大的社会倾听工具,帮助个人和组织深入了解农村健康的流行叙事。
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引用次数: 0
The Quality, Readability, and Accuracy of the Information on Google About Cannabis and Driving: Quantitative Content Analysis 关于大麻和驾驶的谷歌信息的质量、可读性和准确性:定量内容分析
Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.2196/43001
Maria Josey, Dina Gaid, Lisa D. Bishop, Michael Blackwood, M. Najafizada, Jennifer R. Donnan
Background The public perception of driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) is not consistent with current evidence. The internet is an influential source of information available for people to find information about cannabis. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the quality, readability, and accuracy of the information about DUIC found on the internet using the Google Canada search engine. Methods A quantitative content analysis of the top Google search web pages was conducted to analyze the information available to the public about DUIC. Google searches were performed using keywords, and the first 20 pages were selected. Web pages or web-based resources were eligible if they had text on cannabis and driving in English. We assessed (1) the quality of information using the Quality Evaluation Scoring Tool (QUEST) and the presence of the Health on the Net (HON) code; (2) the readability of information using the Gunning Fox Index (GFI), Flesch Reading Ease Scale (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) scores; and (3) the accuracy of information pertaining to the effects of cannabis consumption, prevalence of DUIC, DUIC effects on driving ability, risk of collision, and detection by law enforcement using an adapted version of the 5Cs website evaluation tool. Results A total of 82 web pages were included in the data analysis. The average QUEST score was 17.4 (SD 5.6) out of 28. The average readability scores were 9.7 (SD 2.3) for FKGL, 11.4 (SD 2.9) for GFI, 12.2 (SD 1.9) for SMOG index, and 49.9 (SD 12.3) for FRES. The readability scores demonstrated that 8 (9.8%) to 16 (19.5%) web pages were considered readable by the public. The accuracy results showed that of the web pages that presented information on each key topic, 96% (22/23) of them were accurate about the effects of cannabis consumption; 97% (30/31) were accurate about the prevalence of DUIC; 92% (49/53) were accurate about the DUIC effects on driving ability; 80% (41/51) were accurate about the risk of collision; and 71% (35/49) were accurate about detection by law enforcement. Conclusions Health organizations should consider health literacy of the public when creating content to help prevent misinterpretation and perpetuate prevailing misperceptions surrounding DUIC. Delivering high quality, readable, and accurate information in a way that is comprehensible to the public is needed to support informed decision-making.
背景公众对大麻影响下驾驶的看法与目前的证据不一致。互联网是人们寻找大麻信息的一个有影响力的信息来源。目的本研究旨在评估使用谷歌加拿大搜索引擎在互联网上发现的DUIC信息的质量、可读性和准确性。方法对谷歌热门搜索网页进行定量内容分析,分析公众可获得的DUIC信息。谷歌使用关键词进行搜索,并选择了前20个页面。如果网页或网络资源中有关于大麻和驾驶的英文文本,则符合条件。我们评估了(1)使用质量评估评分工具(QUEST)的信息质量和网络健康(HON)代码的存在;(2) 使用Gunning Fox指数(GFI)、Flesch阅读能力量表(FRES)、Fletch-Kincaid等级水平(FKGL)和Gobbledygouk简单测量(SMOG)分数的信息可读性;以及(3)与大麻消费的影响、酒后驾车的流行率、酒后驾车对驾驶能力的影响、碰撞风险以及执法部门使用5Cs网站评估工具的检测有关的信息的准确性。结果共有82个网页被纳入数据分析。QUEST平均得分为17.4(标准差5.6)(满分28分)。FKGL的平均可读性得分为9.7(SD 2.3),GFI为11.4(SD 2.9),SMOG指数为12.2(SD 1.9),FRES为49.9(SD 12.3)。可读性得分表明,公众认为8个(9.8%)至16个(19.5%)网页可读。准确性结果显示,在提供每个关键主题信息的网页中,96%(22/23)的网页对大麻消费的影响是准确的;97%(30/31)的DUIC患病率准确;酒后驾车对驾驶能力的影响准确率为92%(49/53);80%(41/51)对碰撞风险准确;71%(35/49)的人对执法部门的检测准确。结论卫生组织在创作内容时应考虑公众的健康素养,以防止误解和延续围绕酒后驾车的普遍误解。需要以公众能够理解的方式提供高质量、可读和准确的信息,以支持知情决策。
{"title":"The Quality, Readability, and Accuracy of the Information on Google About Cannabis and Driving: Quantitative Content Analysis","authors":"Maria Josey, Dina Gaid, Lisa D. Bishop, Michael Blackwood, M. Najafizada, Jennifer R. Donnan","doi":"10.2196/43001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/43001","url":null,"abstract":"Background The public perception of driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) is not consistent with current evidence. The internet is an influential source of information available for people to find information about cannabis. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the quality, readability, and accuracy of the information about DUIC found on the internet using the Google Canada search engine. Methods A quantitative content analysis of the top Google search web pages was conducted to analyze the information available to the public about DUIC. Google searches were performed using keywords, and the first 20 pages were selected. Web pages or web-based resources were eligible if they had text on cannabis and driving in English. We assessed (1) the quality of information using the Quality Evaluation Scoring Tool (QUEST) and the presence of the Health on the Net (HON) code; (2) the readability of information using the Gunning Fox Index (GFI), Flesch Reading Ease Scale (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) scores; and (3) the accuracy of information pertaining to the effects of cannabis consumption, prevalence of DUIC, DUIC effects on driving ability, risk of collision, and detection by law enforcement using an adapted version of the 5Cs website evaluation tool. Results A total of 82 web pages were included in the data analysis. The average QUEST score was 17.4 (SD 5.6) out of 28. The average readability scores were 9.7 (SD 2.3) for FKGL, 11.4 (SD 2.9) for GFI, 12.2 (SD 1.9) for SMOG index, and 49.9 (SD 12.3) for FRES. The readability scores demonstrated that 8 (9.8%) to 16 (19.5%) web pages were considered readable by the public. The accuracy results showed that of the web pages that presented information on each key topic, 96% (22/23) of them were accurate about the effects of cannabis consumption; 97% (30/31) were accurate about the prevalence of DUIC; 92% (49/53) were accurate about the DUIC effects on driving ability; 80% (41/51) were accurate about the risk of collision; and 71% (35/49) were accurate about detection by law enforcement. Conclusions Health organizations should consider health literacy of the public when creating content to help prevent misinterpretation and perpetuate prevailing misperceptions surrounding DUIC. Delivering high quality, readable, and accurate information in a way that is comprehensible to the public is needed to support informed decision-making.","PeriodicalId":73554,"journal":{"name":"JMIR infodemiology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42778663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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JMIR infodemiology
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