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Revue de livres. 书评
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences
Pub Date : 2024-01-01
Christian Byk
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引用次数: 0
Chapitre 7. Applications et éclairage éthique des Intelligences Artificielles Génératives linguistiques en Médecine. 第 7 章.语言人工生成智能在医学中的应用和伦理视角。
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences
Pub Date : 2024-01-01
Cécile Monteil, Jérôme Béranger

With the emergence of innovations and technological advancements – exemplified by telemedicine and more recently by the extremely rapid development of Generative Artificial Intelligence systems (Gen AI) like Large Language Models (LLM) such as ChatGPT – we are witnessing a progressive transformation of ancient Hippocratic medicine and the physician-patient relationship. These healthcare Gen AI, which carry inherently stakes, risks, opportunities, hopes, and concerns, justify an increased and reinforced ethical vigilance. These digital applications, multiplying, diversifying, and improving their performance day by day, tend to reshape the role and practices of healthcare professionals in their analytical and decision-making medical process.The digitalization of medicine will inevitably encourage physicians to undergo specific training and acquire new competences in new technologies so that they can learn to navigate better in this new ecosystem of knowledge and practices while preserving their medical expertise, skills, and critical thinking. Therefore, faced with the inevitable arrival of Gen AI in medicine, this article aims to question how we can approach and use this technological tool within an evolving ethical framework to maintain a quality healthcare service for users.

随着创新和技术进步的出现 –；以远程医疗为例，以及最近以 ChatGPT 等大型语言模型（LLM）为代表的生成式人工智能系统（Gen AI）的极速发展 –；我们正在见证古老的希波克拉底医学和医患关系的逐步转变。这些医疗保健领域的新一代人工智能本身就蕴含着利害关系、风险、机遇、希望和担忧，因此有理由提高和加强伦理警惕。这些数字化应用的数量与日俱增，形式日趋多样化，性能不断提高，往往会重塑医疗保健专业人员在分析和决策医疗过程中的角色和实践。医学数字化将不可避免地鼓励医生接受专门培训，获得新技术方面的新能力，以便他们能够学会在这个新的知识和实践生态系统中更好地导航，同时保留他们的医学专业知识、技能和批判性思维。因此，面对人工智能在医学领域的必然到来，本文旨在探讨我们如何在不断发展的伦理框架内对待和使用这一技术工具，从而为用户提供高质量的医疗服务。
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引用次数: 0
Revue de livres.
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences
Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.1051/rphysap:01990002502025300
C. Byk
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引用次数: 0
Chapitre 4. Is it time for a plant bioethics? Chapitre 4。是时候建立植物生物伦理学了吗?
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54695/jibes.333.0053
Amir Muzur, Iva Rinčić

As early as 1926, Fritz Jahr suggested the broadening of Kant’s Categorical Imperative onto all living beings. And while, at that time, Jahr’s animal ethics could have been built upon Ignaz Bregenzer and other scientifically accepted sources, Jahr’s ideas on plant ethics must have relied only on more poetical and philosophical conjectures, like the ones by Richard Wagner, Hans Christian Andersen, or Eduard von Hartmann. Today, we have accummulated certain knowledge about plant physiology, proving the complexity of plant cognition and feeling. Ten years ago, the “Rheinauer Theses on the Rights of Plants” once again provoked discussion, eventually supported by Monica Gagliano, Stefano Mancuso, and other biologists advocating the redefinition of human relation toward plants. In the present paper, we intend to review those arguments, but also to examine whether our ethics should be based upon our knowledge only.

早在1926年，弗里茨·雅尔就建议将康德的定言令式扩展到一切生物。当时，雅尔的动物伦理学可以建立在伊格纳兹·布雷根泽和其他科学上公认的资料的基础上，而雅尔关于植物伦理学的思想却只能依赖于更富有诗意和哲学意义的猜想，比如理查德·瓦格纳、汉斯·克里斯蒂安·安徒生或爱德华·冯·哈特曼的猜想。今天，我们已经积累了一定的植物生理学知识，证明了植物认知和感觉的复杂性。十年前，《莱茵瑙尔关于植物权利的论文》(”这再次引发了讨论，最终得到了莫妮卡·加利亚诺、斯特凡诺·曼库索和其他生物学家的支持，他们主张重新定义人类与植物的关系。在本文中，我们打算回顾这些论点，但也检查我们的伦理是否应该只基于我们的知识。
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引用次数: 0
Chapitre 8. Mexique : Comment un pays catholique approuve-t-il l’avortement ? 第八章。墨西哥:天主教国家如何批准堕胎
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/jibes.332.0113
Jessica de Alba-Ulloa

In a first part, this article shows the characteristics of Mexican society and their opinion on abortion. The second part develops the legal evolution of the decriminalization of abortion in Mexico and with the data, gives elements that can answer the main question.

在第一部分，本文展示了墨西哥社会的特点和他们对堕胎的看法。第二部分发展了墨西哥堕胎合法化的法律演变，并结合数据，给出了可以回答主要问题的要素。
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引用次数: 0
Chapitre 4. La « démocratie Internet », une disparition sociale des corps ? 第四章。“互联网民主”，身体的社会消失?
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/jibes.332.0051
David Colon

The article discusses the impact of the digitalisation of politics on the place of bodies in the political and social life of liberal democracies. The author intends to show that the promise of the disappearance of bodies from the public space has only been partially fulfilled, and that ’surveillance capitalism’ has instead given new vigour to new forms of mobilisation characterised by the instrumentation of bodies for political purposes.

本文讨论了政治数字化对自由民主国家政治和社会生活中身体位置的影响。作者试图表明，身体从公共空间消失的承诺只是部分实现了，并且’监视资本主义’反而给新的动员形式带来了新的活力，其特点是为政治目的使用机构。
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引用次数: 0
Chapitre 1. La télémédecine et ses implications sur la relation médecin/patient. 第一章的标题。远程医疗及其对医患关系的影响。
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/jibes.332.0015
Karim Zaouaq

The practice of telemedicine is likely to raise ethical and legal problems that affect the doctor-patient relationship. Therefore, the respect of ethical principles is necessary, in addition to the involvement of the legislator, who must enact specific instruments capable of identifying all the problems caused by telemedicine and contributing to a certain humanization of the doctor-patient relationship.

远程医疗的实践可能会引发影响医患关系的伦理和法律问题。因此，除了立法者的参与之外，尊重伦理原则是必要的，立法者必须制定具体的文书，能够识别远程医疗引起的所有问题，并有助于在一定程度上使医患关系人性化。
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引用次数: 0
Homenaje. Homenaje a Christian de Paul de Barchifontaine y Daniel Piedra Herrera. 致敬。向Christian de Paul de Barchifontaine和Daniel Piedra Herrera致敬。
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.54695/jibes.333.0015
Christian Byk
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引用次数: 0
Revue de livres. 书评。
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences
Pub Date : 2023-01-01
Christian Byk
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引用次数: 0
Revue de livres. 书评。
Journal international de bioethique et d'ethique des sciences
Pub Date : 2023-01-01
Christian Byk
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引用次数: 0
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